Self Examination, Philosophical Education and Spirituality

As a contribution to thinking about the possibility of spiritual education, I examine Pierre Hadot's important distinction between 'philosophy as theory', a detached investigation into 'the natures of things', and 'philosophy as a way of life', practical exercises which Socrates introduced as a means of 'learning to die'. While most philosophy today amounts to 'philosophy as theory', 'philosophy as a way of life' remains a respectable and viable tradition and a most exacting education of the spirit. I illustrate it here through an examination of some of its practitioners such as St Bernard of Clairvaux, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Etty Hillesum.     

Pedagogy Without Humanism: Foucault and the Subject of Education

Education is commonly understood as an interaction between subjects; an interaction between the educator, who already is a subject, and the child, who has to become a subject by means of the pedagogical activities of the educator. Postmodernism has seriously challenged the common (modern) understanding of human subjectivity. The question therefore is what his challenge entails for our understanding of the process of education.In this paper this question is taken up in the context of a distinction between two conceptions of education: education as manipulation and education as communication. It is argued that the manipulative conception is closely related to the modern understanding of human subjectivity, as is the critique leveled against the communicative conception. In order to find out whether the postmodern \"deconstruction\" of the modern understanding of human subjectivity opens up new possibilities for a communicative understanding of education, Foucault's analysis of the emergence and subversion of the modern conception of man is presented and discussed.Although Foucault's work points into the direction of the recognition of the primacy of the intersubjective - and in this sense supports a communicative understanding of education - his deconstruction also makes clear that intersubjectivity cannot be understood as a new deep truth about man. This means that pedagogy has to do without humanism. The paper concludes with some reflections on such a pedagogy without humanism.     

论国民教育理论与教育现代化的统一性

国民教育理论是 18世纪伴随资本主义民族国家的形成而出现的 ,它对近代民族国家的现代化进程起了不可磨灭的推动作用 ,它包含了政体教育论、人的性格形成论、国家教育论、民族教育论等一般论点 ,涉及到国家民族、人与教育之间的双重关系。今天的教育现代化是昨天教育现代化的继续和延伸。研究国民教育理论 ,可以更好地指导教育现代化建设     

现代性价值系统危机与价值观教育

遭遇"外在性"与"内在性"危机的现代性价值系统呈现紊乱与颓废之势,这无疑影响到了价值观教育的存在空间与意义空间。但是,价值观教育不仅要直面这一"恶"的境遇,还要具有超越性品质。它理应在努力实现自身救赎的同时,对现代性价值系统的恢复与重建、对现代社会摆脱困境做出自身的贡献。     

论自我关怀与道德教育

法国哲学家福柯的自我关怀核心可以理解为:调节自我与自我的关系和自我控制技术使生活艺术化,形成主体性,其研究主要侧重男性经验。女性主义自我关怀以女性经验为基础,关注自我尊重与自我价值感,提出聆听自我需求。自我关怀应通过自我回归,形成伦理主体之自我,所以自我关怀的理解不仅仅是狭义的道德行为,还应广义的理解为以自我关系形成的自我存在。自我关怀可通过道德教育,培养自我尊严、自我反省来实现,具体方法有自我写作、自我叙事、自我对话等。     

Danish Education,Pedagogical Theory in Denmark and in Europe,and Modernity

There is often something wistful about pedagogic theory and pedagogical reflections. This may be in the nature of things: pedagogy tends to operate in the realm of ideals and ideal situations. At a time when education seems to have become exclusively a matter of money and allocation of resources in the public discourse we have found it urgent to rethink and discuss some basic tenets of pedagogy in modern society. They are centred round the notions of cultural production, social integration, and socialisation. At the same time we introduce the concept of parallel learning.     

现代性困境与教育艺术

现代性困境在中国具有双重意蕴,一方面是现代性不足,另一方面是现代性问题凸显.这就需要把科学教育与人文教育、教育科学与教育艺术结合起来.教育是科学,更是一门艺术.古人讲究教育艺术,现代人推崇教育科学;古代人运用智慧,现代人追求知识;理想的教育是把二者完美地结合起来.动之于情,晓之于理是教育艺术的精髓;因材施教、寓教于乐是教育艺术的途径;积极引导、宽松环境是教育艺术的条件;提升境界、和谐发展是教育艺术的目的.只有把教育科学升华为教育艺术,才能创造人间奇迹.教育是崇高的事业,教育家和教育工作者必须高度关注人类的前途和命运、审视人类的精神处境,将教育看作现代化的动力,并成为现代性的思考者和批判者.重视和发展教育艺术应该成为帮助人类走出现代性困境的重要契机.     

Education,Modernity and Neo‐consewative School Reform in Canada,Britain and the US

Conservative critiques of education and proposals for reform show striking similarities in Canada, Britain and the US. All seem to reflect what Habermas referred to as “the affirmative stance towards social modernity and the denigration of cultural modernity”. The paper uses this distinction to describe and analyse New Right criticisms of educational progressivism and conservative efforts to promote a new sympathy for business values, market discipline and market relations in schools and colleges.     

思想政治教育现代性及其转型

思想政治教育现代性是思想政治教育现代化过程中无法回避的课题,它直接呈现给人们多种困扰。思想政治教育现代性现象和原因具有多重结构,形成错综复杂的关系。解困的基本方法是实现思想政治教育现代转型。用改进的思想指导实践、从旧政治转向新政治、参与者合作建构权威、现代交流方式等,将是驾驭思想政治教育现代性的基本理路。     

论以个体权利为本的教育现代性——政治哲学的视角

从政治哲学的视角审视现代教育,以个体权利作为反思现代教育的原点,现代教育思想及现代教育制度都体现出张扬个体权利的特性,以个体权利为本是教育现代性的根本特性。以个体权利为本的教育现代性具有正当性,可以从"发生的进路"与"目的的进路"两个路径给予证明。     

近代日本高等教育的现代性反思

高等教育近代化的研究,需要寻找出一个多样性的发展模式,而且也需要一个多学科的研究视角。本文站在教育社会学、教育经济学、教育伦理学的研究视角,通过发掘日本近代高等教育的内涵,以打破东西方二元对立框架、审视日本成功地实现了高等教育近代化这一庞大叙事为基本前提,来重新认识日本高等教育近代化的本质与经验。