Quantum simulation of particle pair creation near the event horizon

Though it is still a big challenge to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics in modern physics, the theory of quantum field related with the gravitational effect has been well developed and some striking phenomena are predicted, such as Hawking radiation. However, the direct measurement of these quantum effects under general relativity is far beyond present experiment techniques. Fortunately, the emulation of general relativity phenomena in the laboratory has become accessible in recent years. However, up to now, these simulations are limited either in classical regime or in flat space whereas quantum simulation related with general relativity is rarely involved. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a quantum evolution of fermions in close proximity to an artificial black hole on a photonic chip. We successfully observe the acceleration behavior, quantum creation, and evolution of a fermion pair near the event horizon: a single-photon wave packet with positive energy escapes from the black hole while negative energy is captured. Our extensible platform not only provides a route to access quantum effects related with general relativity, but also has the potentiality to investigate quantum gravity in future.     

湮没算符高次幂本征态的Wigner函数

利用Fock态表象下Wigner函数的表示式,计算了湮没算符高次幂本征态的Wigner函数,并依据其Wigner函数在相空间中的分布规律,分析了这些本征态的非经典特性。数值结果表明,湮没算符高次幂本征态的Wigner函数均出现负值。因此,它们都是具有非经典特性的量子态。此结果为这些量子态的测量提供理论依据。     

量子科学实验卫星——“墨子号”

北京时间2016年8月16日凌晨1时45分,"墨子号"量子科学实验卫星在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射。该卫星是世界第一颗从事空间尺度量子科学实验的卫星。升空之后,它将配合多个地面站,在国际上率先实现星地高速量子密钥分发、星地双向量子纠缠分发及空间尺度量子非定域性检验、地星量子隐形传态,以及探索广域量子密钥组网等实验。"墨子号"量子科学实验卫星将扩大我国在量子通信领域的国际领先地位,为未来覆盖全球的天地一体化广域量子通信网络建立基础,并将加深人类对量子力学基本原理的理解。     

Experimental measurement of the quantum geometric tensor using coupled qubits in diamond

Geometry and topology are fundamental concepts, which underlie a wide range of fascinating physical phenomena such as topological states of matter and topological defects. In quantum mechanics, the geometry of quantum states is fully captured by the quantum geometric tensor. Using a qubit formed by an NV center in diamond, we perform the first experimental measurement of the complete quantum geometric tensor. Our approach builds on a strong connection between coherent Rabi oscillations upon parametric modulations and the quantum geometry of the underlying states. We then apply our method to a system of two interacting qubits, by exploiting the coupling between the NV center spin and a neighboring ¹³C nuclear spin. Our results establish coherent dynamical responses as a versatile probe for quantum geometry, and they pave the way for the detection of novel topological phenomena in solid state.     

量子计算的语形表征及其意义

量子计算研究是近年来量子力学最具潜力的发展方向之一。文章从探讨量子计算概念的提出入手,讨论了经典可逆计算的量子表征模式,接着分析了量子计算语形结构的特点,对比了量子计算与经典计算并行性的异同,考虑了测量中的塌缩对量子算法设计的影响,最后以前述的研究为基础讨论了量子计算的哲学意义。     

量子计算机的发展现状与趋势

量子计算机是一种新型的运算工具,它具有强大的并行处理数据的能力,可解决现有计算机难以运算的数学问题,因此,它成为世界各国战略竞争的焦点。本文综述了量子计算机目前的发展状况和可扩展、可容错的量子计算机物理体系的实验研究进展,并分析了美国最近启动研制量子芯片的微型曼哈顿计划对我国构成的严峻挑战。     

改变原子频率的量子存储

量子通信与量子计算的一个核心过程是量子信息的存储。光子是一种很好的信息载体,光量子信息的存储具有重要的意义。现在已经有了几种基于光和原子系综相互作用的光量子信息储存方案。本文研究一种新的量子存储方案。     

量子信息处理及其核磁共振实现（英文）

量子特性在信息领域中有着独特的功能，在提高运算速度、确保信息安全、增大信息容量和提高检测精度等方面可能突破现有经典信息系统的极限。我们以液态NMR技术实现量子信息处理中的应用主题开展研究，所取得的成果包括：1）利用NMR实验实现了两个无直接耦合自旋之间的量子密集编码和三个量子位之间的量子密集编码过程。实验结果表明：量子密集编码只需传送N-1个量子位便可以传递N个经典位的信息。2）利用NMR实验实现了三种多量子算法；提出了一种实现n阶耦合变换的理论方法，根据这种方法可实现任意量子位的Deutsch-Jozsa算法。3）提出了一种基于量子克隆的量子编码和纠错方案。该方案一方面说明了量子克隆与量子纠错存在一定程度上的联系，另一方面也反映出一些量子克隆过程本身具有一定的抗消相干的能力。4）提出用二维NMR中的多量子相干实现无消相干子空间（DFS），并在实验上验证了该DFS的避错能力。本方法有效地利用了甲基中三个磁等价的氢核，把原本需要四个化学位移各不相同的核自旋构造的二逻辑位的DFS变成了只需两个化学位移各不相同的核自旋体系构造的二逻辑位的DFS，虽然用的核自旋数“更少”，却能避免更多的错误算符。用多量子相干作为量子计算中的量子位，是一种全新的概念，可以充分利用磁等价的原子核自旋来构造多个量子位，从而扩展了可利用的量子位的数目。     

从哥本哈根解释到退相干解释——量子力学解释的建构与比较

量子力学解释是对量子理论的扩展,珏须体现量子理论语义上的一致性。正统的哥本哈根解释、最低限度的系综解释、本体论解释、多世界解释、模态解释、退相干解释,它们的解释力强弱与附加性要求不同,从两者-e．．N的张力比较这些解释,既是整体科学知识的需要,也是理论语义上一致性的需要。     

基于一次一密的量子身份识别方案

给出一个基于Holevo定理的量子单向函数,并根据它构造了一个基于对称密码体制的量子身份识别方案.该方案通过一次性的随机数隐藏了双方共享的密钥,且验证算法不依赖于所使用的随机数,从而保护了密钥,使该方案的安全性不局限于敌手的计算能力.     

Semiconductor quantum computation

Semiconductors, a significant type of material in the information era, are becoming more and more powerful in the field of quantum information. In recent decades, semiconductor quantum computation was investigated thoroughly across the world and developed with a dramatically fast speed. The research varied from initialization, control and readout of qubits, to the architecture of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we first introduce the basic ideas for quantum computing, and then discuss the developments of single- and two-qubit gate control in semiconductors. Up to now, the qubit initialization, control and readout can be realized with relatively high fidelity and a programmable two-qubit quantum processor has even been demonstrated. However, to further improve the qubit quality and scale it up, there are still some challenges to resolve such as the improvement of the readout method, material development and scalable designs. We discuss these issues and introduce the forefronts of progress. Finally, considering the positive trend of the research on semiconductor quantum devices and recent theoretical work on the applications of quantum computation, we anticipate that semiconductor quantum computation may develop fast and will have a huge impact on our lives in the near future.     

Drone-based entanglement distribution towards mobile quantum networks

Satellites have shown free-space quantum-communication ability; however, they are orbit-limited from full-time all-location coverage. Meanwhile, practical quantum networks require satellite constellations, which are complicated and expensive, whereas the airborne mobile quantum communication may be a practical alternative to offering full-time all-location multi-weather coverage in a cost-effective way. Here, we demonstrate the first mobile entanglement distribution based on drones, realizing multi-weather operation including daytime and rainy nights, with a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt S-parameter measured to be 2.41 ± 0.14 and 2.49 ± 0.06, respectively. Such a system shows unparalleled mobility, flexibility and reconfigurability compared to the existing satellite and fiber-based quantum communication, and reveals its potential to establish a multinode quantum network, with a scalable design using symmetrical lens diameter and single-mode-fiber coupling. All key technologies have been developed to pack quantum nodes into lightweight mobile platforms for local-area coverage, and arouse further technical improvements to establish wide-area quantum networks with high-altitude mobile communication.     

试析光机智能的语境瓶颈———基于诺尔蒂的量子光学计算机理论

诺尔蒂在《光速思考——新一代光计算机与人工智能》一书中,以量子计算和光学语言为基础,设想了量子计算机系统原理及新一代光电计算机发展远景,认为光机智能终将超越人类智能。文章从表征和计算的角度对这一系统设想进行了批判。     

科学计算可视化在物理光学教学中的应用

可视化是利用计算机图形学和图像处理技术,将数据转换成图形或图像在屏幕上显示出来,并进行交互处理的理论、方法和技术。本文用Mathematica软件对物理光学中计算夫琅和费衍射的实例进行编程操作,获得了夫琅和费衍射图样。说明Mathematica可以将物理图像形象展现出来,对物理光学教学中的复杂的物理内容可视化具有很好效果,有利于学生更好地建立物理图像。     

海市——十九世纪中国光学转型之个案研究

"海市"是自然界中存在的一种自然光现象。在中国古代的文献中记录着许多关于这种自然光现象的史料,并在记录的同时给予这种自然光现象的成因以相应的解释。从文献记载的内容来看有神话解释、常识解释等。以上各种解释的本质上都属于"非科学解释"。进入十九世纪之后随着西方光学著作被引进到中国,在光学研究领域内给予这种自然光现象以新的解释,即"科学解释"。这种"科学解释"主要包含了三个方面的因素:科学概念、科学定律以及科学实验。因此,十九世纪的中国光学研究在对于"海市"这种自然光现象的成因完成了由"非科学解释"到"科学解释"的转型。     

利用载文引文统计方法分析国内光学领域科研现状

本文利用文献计量学中的载文引文分析方法，分析国内光学领域的科研现状，既对载文引文方法在新的领域加以应用，又增强了分析光学科研现状技术手段的科学性。     

核磁共振量子计算实验研究进展

简要评述了核磁共振量子信息处理实验研究进展。提出了我院进一步发展的建议。     

2×5×5纯态量子体系完全纠缠态的分类

基于"随机局域操作和经典通讯"对2×5×5纯态量子系统的完全纠缠态进行了分类,共得到34个不等价类.其中有3个类对应的纠缠态含有连续参数.对含参数类的参数进行了详细研究,发现其中有2个类只含1个独立参数;另外1个含有2个独立参数.而且这些独立参数并不完全任意,它们有确定的对称性.对于1个独立参数情形,得到该参数具有D3群对称性.     

Leggett不等式和非定域实在论

通过比较Leggett不等式和Bell不等式,研究了Leggett不等式中非定域项的特点,给出了非定域项在不同幂次下Leggett不等式的形式.发现在非定域项不同的幂次下,推广的Leggett不等式对应着不同强弱的两体关联,即关联的大小可由幂次δ的取值来标定.并对推广的Leggett不等式和Bell不等式在量子力学下破坏大小进行了比较,分析了破坏大小和非定域项的关系.     

历史典故对近代物理教学的促进

现代物理课程中普遍存在晦涩难懂的概念和冗长繁琐的公式,这给教学过程带来了极大的挑战。本文阐述了物理学发展过程中的历史典故在教学过程中的作用。历史典故能够吸引学生注意力,增加趣味性,了解发展背景,加深对其涵义的理解。