高校主题班会研究述评

主题班会是高校大学生日常思想政治工作和素质培养的重要渠道和阵地,尤其在当前加强大学生思想政治工作继承和创新中其重要作用日益显现。本文对2000-2010年间关于高校大学生主题班会研究的现状进行总结,对存在的问题给予初步的分析。     

Mainstream Experiences for Learning Disabled students (Project MELD): preliminary report

Mainstream Experiences for the Learning Disabled (MELD) was developed to accommodate students with learning disabilities in the mainstream. This article reports the progress of 13 students at the end of 1 year of planning and 1 year of implementing the MELD model in one urban elementary school. Observational and school adjustment data from the implementation year suggest that although the MELD model was not fully incorporated into the mainstream classes, students with learning disabilities adjusted well to a less individualized and more demanding mainstream program. They came to school regularly, did not present serious behavior problems, and spent as much of reading class and more of math class on task as they had in special education. These students in the mainstream were assigned more opportunities to work with text materials rather than workbooks in reading and spent significantly more reading time in teacher-directed lessions. Nevertheless, the students made no significant progress in reading or math and earned lower grades during the implementation year. The authors suggest that students with learning disabilities will not succeed in the mainstream if teachers continue "business as usual" in mainstream classes.     

Confidence in performance on science tests and student preparation strategies

This exploratory study was designed to investigate the accuracy of high school students' confidence in their answers on classroom tests, how that accuracy varied between different types of questions, and whether having to judge their confidence in test items resulted in an improvement in accuracy over the school year. The study was conducted in a rural high school in a South Eastern state of the US involving 54 students enrolled in three sections of a human anatomy class. For an entire school year the teacher asked students to indicate their confidence in a response's correctness when they answered questions on tests and examinations. Further data included interviews with 25 students and a career goals questionnaire. Having students gauge the correctness of their responses to test questions on class tests over the school year did not result in quantifiable improvements in their accuracy. However, students indicated that reflective use of the language of human anatomy and physiology through reading out loud to themselves, practising writing words and phrases, and verbal questioning and discussion with others helped them to achieve higher academic outcomes. Modelling or discussing effective study strategies with family members were also identified as important factors on the ways students prepared for tests.     

Increasing performance by differentiated teaching? Experimental evidence of the student benefits of digital differentiation

This paper explores the effect of digital differentiation on student performance using a randomized experiment. The experiment is conducted in a second year biology class among 115 prevocational students in the Netherlands. Differentiation allowed students in the treatment group to work at three different levels. The results show that there is a significant effect of digital differentiation on the posttest score. This effect is robust to adding covariates such as students' ability, grade repetition, age, gender, class and average neighborhood income. There are no differential effects when dividing students in three groups, by ability. The results imply that differentiation in large classrooms is possible and beneficial for all students, once done digitally.     

中学英语教学中应用智能教学系统的效果评估——以“希赛可”为例

该文介绍将智能英语教学系统"希赛可"应用于初中一年级英语常规教学的准实验对比研究。为获得"希赛可"系统的应用效果,对实验班和对比班的学生历次考试成绩进行分析,发现该系统能够缩小学生的成绩差距;特别是对于基础较差的学生,成绩改善效果更好。之所以出现这样的实验结果,是因为该实验过程着重强调"希赛可"平台上的词汇练习等基础内容,对基础薄弱的学生更具针对性。     

A longitudinal study in learning preferences and academic performance in first year medical school

This is a longitudinal study of first year medical students that investigates the relationship between the pattern change of the learning preferences and academic performance. Using the visual, auditory, reading‐writing, and kinesthetic inventory at the beginning of the first and second year for the same class, it was found that within the first year, 36% of the class remained unimodal (single) modality learners (SS), 14% changed from unimodal to multimodality learners (SM), 27% changed from multimodality to unimodal modality learners (MS) and 21% remained as multimodality learners (MM). Among the academic performance through subsequent didactic blocks from Clinical Anatomy, Cell and Subcellular Processes to Medical Neuroscience during first year, the SM group made more significant improvement compared to the SS group. Semi‐structured interview results from the SM group showed that students made this transition between the Clinical Anatomy course and the middle of the Medical Neuroscience course, in an effort to improve their performance. This study suggests that the transition from unimodal to multimodality learning among academically struggling students improved their academic performance in the first year of medical school. Therefore, this may be considered as part of academic advising tools for struggling students to improve their academic performances. Anat Sci Educ 11: 488–495. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.     

大学本科师范生课前简短演讲的定位及对策--以F师范大学教育学院为例

近年来,党和国家对教师教育十分重视,各师范院校对师范生的教师技能要求也不断提高。F师范大学教育学院保持着从大一就开展课前简短演讲的优良传统,针对目前学生普遍反映的课前简短演讲未能显著提高口语表达能力、效果一般等问题,笔者对该院大一、大二、大三的171位同学进行了问卷调查。结果显示：只要方法得当,安排合理,通过课前简短演讲能有效提高师范生的口语表达能力。     

The common first year programme: some lessons from a construction science course

In 2005, the School of Property, Construction and Project Management at RMIT University, Melbourne, introduced a new curriculum format for all first year students. All students enrolling in one of the four undergraduate degrees offered by the school commenced a common first year programme. This new curriculum was adopted to provide students with a broader depth of knowledge and experience across all study areas and to provide greater skill enhancement for graduates. The common first year university experience allows students to build a multidisciplinary degree based upon their interests and skills. But the common first year has created a number of challenges for the lecturing staff: extremely large classes, space and resourcing issues, assessment and administration problems; greater strains upon technology; and increase in the impersonal nature of the learning environment. This paper examines how one of these large first year classes (construction science) was conducted to address some of the learning issues arising from a common first year. It describes how students were encouraged over the semester to electronically build and create a classroom resource of e-reference material on construction science topics, which was the basis for classroom discussion, interaction and assessment. The result was an electronic reference folder on CD that provided students with both a starting point for assignments, class interaction and assessment, and the development of vital information technology literacy skills.     

FAMILY AND EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES OF DISPLACED NEGRO CHILDREN

This article examine how students from different class backgrounds at vastly different colleges interpret the role of social class in their past and future. It begins with a review of previous research findings based on freshmen and sophomore year interviews (2002–2004) with three groups of students: low income students at a state college; low income students at an elite private college (Little Ivy), and affluent students at the same elite private college. During a period of relative quiescence on college campuses, all three groups of students tended to look at their own lives in individualistic, non-structural ways, and generally downplayed the role of their own class backgrounds. Many of the students were interviewed again during their senior year to determine what, if any, changes had occurred in their overall outlook. Both groups of students at Little Ivy had become less politically progressive and active as they approached graduation; State College students had verbally moved to the Left, but without corresponding activism. Occupational goals for each of the three groups differed. The affluent students anticipated positions with the most power and prestige, while the State College students aimed for entry and middle level statuses. Not surprisingly, the low income Little Ivy students expected to obtain positions below their affluent peers, but higher than the State College students. The meaning of these findings in the context of the current historical period and the power of social reproduction is discussed.     

高职院校护理专业学生心理健康教育模式研究

目的:通过对某高职2008级护理专业新生进行心理健康干预,探索学校-班级-寝室-学生四级心理教育模式对提高学生心理健康的作用,为进一步提高护理专业学生心理素质提供科学依据。方法:整群抽取2008级护理专业新生2个班级作为研究对象,进行一年心理干预,分别在新生入学初和在校学习一年后通过症状自评量表(SCL-90)对其心理健康水平进行调查。结果:干预一年后学生心理状况都有明显改善,各因子分均有下降,且除敌对外,各因子分干预前后比较差异均有显著性。结论:学校-班级-寝室-学生四级心理教育模式对提高学生心理健康起到了一定的作用,可以在推广的同时做进一步探讨。     

Does Student Effort Respond to Incentives? Evidence from a Guaranteed College Admissions Program

This paper studies the effects of guaranteed college admission on student effort and achievement. In 1997, Texas enacted the “Top Ten Percent” law, which guarantees admission to any public college for students in the top ten percent of their high school class. In practice, eligible students become aware of their admission status at the end of their junior year in high school—more than 1 year prior to attending college. We use data from a large, urban school district and regression discontinuity methods to test for effects on effort. Our preferred estimates show that students who barely qualify for the admissions guarantee earn marginally lower grades and take fewer advanced courses in their senior year compared to students who do not qualify for guaranteed admission and learn their status in the final senior year term. We find qualitatively similar results when limiting our sample to finer bandwidths, although the estimates are imprecise.     

Engaging first year students using a Web-supported inquiry-based learning setting

This paper describes a study that explored the utility and efficacy of the application of a Web-based tool to promote learner engagement among first year students in a large class in an undergraduate communications degree. The Web-based tool was developed to support an inquiry-based learning approach that was characterised by strong learning scaffolds, meaningful contexts, feedback and support and administrative efficiencies. The study explored the forms of engagement that the Web-supported inquiry-based learning approach was able to engender among first year undergraduate students and the factors that were found to influence students’ levels of engagement and achievement in the approach.     

The Reliability and Permanence of Vocational Interests of Adolescents

The University of San Francisco is conducting a 5-year evaluation of its new baccalaureate professional nursing education curriculum. Graduates of the old and the new curriculum are being compared, and one class (1972) is being followed from the freshman year to one year following graduation. There are approximately ninety students in each class (1969-1974) . The Q-technique is one of the devices being used to assess student perceptions of the curriculum. The 72-item Q-sort is administered to each class (sophomore, junior, senior) in the spring of each year and is sorted twice by each respondent at one sitting: first, in terms of the curriculum as it is; second, as the students would like it to be. This double sort at one sitting is unique. A rank ordering of the items by mean scores and intercorrelations of cluster findings are presented. Use of the double Q-sort as a research tool appears to be an effective device for measuring the degree of agreement and diversity of student perceptions of the curriculum.     

Effects of full-time and part-time high-ability programs on developments in students’ achievement emotions

This study focused on effects of high-ability programs on students’ achievement emotions, i.e. emotions that students experience that are associated with achievement activities. Participants were students in grade 4–6 of primary education: 218 students attended full-time high-ability programs, 245 attended part-time high-ability programs (i.e. external pull-out class). Using propensity score matching, they were matched to a control group of 189 students from regular education with similar cognitive abilities. The respondents filled out questionnaires on their achievement emotions three times during a school year. Results of multilevel analyses showed that students who attended full-time high-ability programs did not report more beneficial achievement emotions compared to similar students in regular education. In contrast, students in part-time programs experienced more positive and less negative emotions during the part-time program compared to the control group in regular education. No differences in longitudinal developments throughout the school year were found between the groups.     

The development of students’ achievement emotions after transition to secondary school: a multilevel growth curve modelling approach

This empirical study focuses on students’ development of positive and negative achievement emotions during the first year and the beginning of the second year of secondary school. Using multilevel growth curve modelling, the development of the achievement emotions enjoyment, pride, anxiety, hopelessness and boredom during class in general was investigated. Data from 584 students (taken at three different time points during the first year and the beginning of the second year of secondary school in Germany) was analysed by controlling for gender and the type of school. The results confirm the main assumption: positive achievement emotions decline, whereas negative achievement emotions increase after transition to secondary school. The assumption regarding the effects of type of school was also confirmed: students entering a higher track school (German Gymnasium) experience more positive achievement emotions than students in middle track schools (German Realschule) do. However, the decline in these achievement emotions in higher track schools is comparatively worse than for students in middle track schools. The results are discussed with regard to students’ further studies, as well as the wider educational implications.

     

AN UPDATE ON REVERSE TRANSFERS TO TWO‐YEAR COLLEGES

Reverse transfers, students who transfer from four‐year to two‐year colleges, now make up 20% of the two‐year college enrollment. This paper will describe reverse transfers in terms of demographics, educational goals, and academic performance. Data from thirteen two‐year colleges includes official student records on a 1984 class of newly enrolled students and a survey of this same cohort.

Reverse transfers differ significantly from two‐year natives in terms of race and other demographic characteristics. Reverse transfers were older, more likely to be married, employed full‐time, and had higher socioeconomic status indicators. Reverse transfers’ parents were more likely than native students’ to have earned a college degree.

Two‐year students who had already earned a college degree had short‐term occupational goals aimed at upgrading job skills or making themselves more employable. Those who had not yet earned a degree were most likely to aspire to the bachelors degree. Reverse transfers earned significantly higher grades than natives. Reverse transfers were less likely to be enrolled in remedial courses or to indicate a need for special help in basic skills in order to succeed at the two‐year college.     

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF COMMUNITY COLLEGE TRANSFER STUDENTS AND "NATIVE" STUDENTS AT A LARGE STATE UNIVERSITY

Students were randomly chosen from the class of 1998 and 1999 at a large public university. Fifty in each class were community college transfer students who transferred to the university in the fall of 1996 and fall of 1997; 50 in each class were native students who had entered the university in the fall of 1994 and the fall of 1995. All students were from the College of Arts and Sciences. These groups of students were compared by GPAs at the end of the lower division work (sophomore year for natives and at the end of the second year of community college work for transfers). Students also were compared at the end of their first semester in their academic major to determine if transfer shock was evident for transfer students and if a GPA decline was evident for natives. Lastly, the students GPAs were compared at the end of the spring semesters of 1998 and 1999 to determine if there was recovery from transfer shock for the transfers and from the possible decline in GPA for native students. Retention and graduation rates for both groups were compared.     

Welcome to our World: Evaluation of a Workshop to Orient Students to Social Work Education

This article reports on BSW and MSW students' satisfaction with a required orientation workshop designed to socialize them to professional educational and to academic and professional standards of behavior. Students viewed video‐recorded vignettes that addressed problematic behaviors in class and field, followed by faculty‐led, small‐group discussions. BSW students rated the workshops as more helpful than MSW students did. First‐year MSW students rated the workshops as significantly more helpful than advanced standing students, suggesting that more experienced students perceive less need for an orientation. Open‐ended questions revealed that students appreciated the opportunity to meet faculty members and other students.     

负性生活事件潜在类别分析在大学生自杀风险筛查中的应用

This research collected 9295 university students’ stressful life events (SLEs) and suicide attempts within a year to conduct a latent class analysis and logical regression to explore the latent class and its correlation with the risk of suicide. The results showed that samples could be grouped in “less major SLEs”, “SLEs related to mental disorders” and “SLEs related to family atmosphere”, and students who experienced SLEs related to mental disorders and family atmosphere had higher risks of suicide, with those experiencing SLEs related to mental disorders to have the highest risks of suicide     

Beyond English Literature A Level: The silence of the seminar?

This paper presents data from a doctoral study of the relationships between A Level English Literature and university English, a study which examines the experiences of one class of first year university English students. It argues that, whilst the socio-cultural emphases of literary study in the university have the potential to offer a great deal to students, full attention to the interplay between curriculum and pedagogy, and an understanding of the values and assumptions which students and lecturers bring to the literature classroom, are vital if students are to be genuinely engaged in the theoretical aspects of the discipline.