幼儿对死亡概念认知特点的研究

死亡概念是生命科学领域内一个非常重要的科学概念。本研究选取100名3～6岁的幼儿作为被试，采用个别访谈法对幼儿死亡概念认知的特点进行了考察。结果表明：（1）幼儿对死亡概念认知的年龄主效应显著、性别主效应不显著。（2）幼儿对死亡概念的内涵有一定认知，但是同时这种认知还不太成熟。其中，对死亡的适用性和死亡无功能性认知较高．对死亡的不可逆性认知居中，对死亡的普遍性和死亡原因性认知较低。（3）在三类生命体死亡概念的认知中，对动物死亡和人体死亡概念认知要高于对植物死亡概念的认知。     

幼儿对生命认知的调查与分析

教师以3岁～6岁幼儿为对象,研究了他们对死亡特征和原因的认知,指出从幼儿阶段开始实施生死教育是最佳的时机,可以让幼儿对生命有更积极与正面的看法,学会珍惜生命。     

幼儿对死亡概念认知特点的研究

死亡概念是生命科学领域内一个非常重要的科学概念。本研究选取100名3-6岁的幼儿作为被试,采用个别访谈法对幼儿死亡概念认知的特点进行了考察。结果表明:(1)幼儿对死亡概念认知的年龄主效应显著、性别主效应不显著。(2)幼儿对死亡概念的内涵有一定认知,但是同时这种认知还不太成熟。其中,对死亡的适用性和死亡无功能性认知较高,对死亡的不可逆性认知居中,对死亡的普遍性和死亡原因性认知较低。(3)在三类生命体死亡概念的认知中,对动物死亡和人体死亡概念认知要高于对植物死亡概念的认知。     

促进幼儿生命认知的教育策略——以中班主题活动“燕子”为例

生命认知教育是生命教育的主要组成部分,如何更好地在关爱主题活动中促进幼儿对生命的认知是幼儿生命教育的重要环节。通过走进自然实地观察,幼儿能够对生命的诞生、成长乃至死亡有更加全面深刻的认知,在这一过程中,教师和家长要尤其注重自身对生命的行为和态度对幼儿产生的潜移默化的影响,用关爱生命的行为,唤醒幼儿对生命的尊重与热爱,同时通过系列行之有效的教育策略,帮助幼儿获取正确的、系统全面的生命认知,从而为更加深入的生命教育奠定基础。     

中班幼儿分离焦虑的研究

幼儿分离焦虑虽然是一种很常见的现象,但引导不好或严重的话,会对孩子身体和心理产生较大影响。所以本次研究从不同年龄班分离焦虑不同表现入手,着重对小班和中班进行比较,针对中班幼儿实际情况从老师、家长及同伴三方面帮助幼儿减轻分离焦虑的消极情绪,通过案例分析找出原因,并找出解决方法。     

关于中班幼儿值日生劳动态度的研究

值日生劳动对于培养幼儿的劳动习惯有显著的作用。本研究采用访谈法、观察法、行动研究法研究4岁幼儿值日生劳动态度,发现幼儿对“值日生”的理解经历了由模糊到清晰的过程,直接和间接兴趣都可以构成幼儿的劳动动机,幼儿劳动行为意向的发展变化高于劳动价值观和劳动情感的发展变化。     

中班幼儿版画教学活动的实践

幼儿版画是融画、剪、贴、印为一体的综合手工制作活动,能满足幼儿喜欢动手的愿望和要求,符合幼儿的学习特点和认识规律,根据中班幼儿美术活动目标和中班幼儿的年龄特点与实际能力,确定中班版画教学目标,通过易于操作的材料进行版画创作活动,激发幼儿学习兴趣,利用多种渠道,为幼儿创设一个广阔的空间。     

幼儿对“衰老”认知的个案分析

衰老是许多病理、生理和心理过程的综合作用的必然结果。在真人秀节目《爸爸去哪儿》中出现的父母变老测试的情节设计提供了幼儿对父母衰老认知的个案,通过对个案的分析发现,幼儿对衰老具有恐惧心理、对衰老概念无法正确认知、对衰老与死亡概念容易混淆。面对此问题,幼儿家长和教师应珍视幼儿的生命哲学,遵循幼儿认知发展规律,帮助幼儿正确认知生命概念,正确对待衰老现象。     

关于幼儿认知死亡的个案研究

对幼儿来说，理解死亡及濒临死亡的概念是比较困难的，虽然我们可以对幼儿认知死亡的过程划分出一个相对明显的阶段，但由于家庭态度、生活经验等因素的影响，不同幼儿认知死亡体现出远比“阶段”更为复杂的特征。     

中班幼儿角色游戏水平研究

研究选取北京市某公办幼儿园中班87名幼儿,借鉴国内外学前儿童角色游戏观察研究资料,制定《学前儿童角色游戏观察表》,测查中班幼儿角色游戏水平。结果表明:中班幼儿角色游戏水平整体处于中等偏下;女孩角色游戏水平高于男孩;中班幼儿角色游戏中的认知水平、社会性水平、情绪表达水平均处于中等偏下;幼儿的学习品质水平接近中等水平。分析发现,中班幼儿角色游戏水平与幼儿自身的认知发展阶段与特点、社会性互动与社会性规则水平、情绪情感发展特征、性别风格以及教师提供的材料等有直接关系。     

5～6岁儿童对数的理解能力的发展

对数字的认识和理解可以看成是儿童数学学习的开始,本文通过问卷调查等方法,对5～6岁儿童的学习内容、方法和过程等进行调查,调查发现学前儿童对数的顺序关系、数的基数特点、序数特点以及数的抽象含义等内容能有较好的理解。     

4-5岁幼儿把字句和被字句句法意识发展的特点

采用句法判断和句法修改任务,探讨了4-5岁幼儿把字句和被字句句法意识的发展特点。结果表明:(1)4-5岁幼儿把字句和被字句的句法意识有显著发展,这主要表现在5岁儿童的句法修改成绩显著高于4岁儿童;(2)句法错误句子的类型影响句法判断成绩,表明他们在不同句法规则的句法意识的发展是不同步的;(3)4至5岁幼儿的句法修改成绩受到个人生活经验和句子语义的影响,表明他们的句法意识还处于较低的发展水平。     

3-6岁儿童人物画发展及特点

3岁左右的孩子在画出可辨认的图形的时候,往往最先画的是人物。因而本文从人物画入手,观察孩子在3-6岁这个年龄段如何去表现人物的形象及画人物所呈现的一些特征,有助于我们在了解儿童身心发展规律的基础上去引导孩子画画。     

苏格兰5-18岁儿童学校理财教育实践及其启示

理财教育对于学生个人和整个社会的发展都至关重要。苏格兰5-18岁儿童学校理财教育实践存在着三个特点:多种多样的学习活动渗透进多学科、吸收各界力量以及有着完善的教师培训体系,而调查显示我国中学生在理财理解力、理财胜任力、理财责任感和事业心上都较缺乏,笔者根据苏格兰的经验及对国内中学生理财能力状况的调查结果提出我国中小学在开展理财教育上应大力重视理财教育、加强对教师的培训及利用各方资源。     

浅析5-6岁幼儿撒谎行为的原因及对策

5-6岁幼儿正处于学前晚期,其心理尚未发育成熟,周围环境的变化会影响幼儿心理的成长方向,从而影响幼儿的各项行为。因此在该阶段可能受到社会不良现象的影响。为了探究5-6岁幼儿撒谎行为的原因及对策,查阅了部分文献并结合实践经验,认为幼儿撒谎的原因主要在于家庭影响、社会影响和幼儿心理发育不全这三点。作为家长和教师,应该以身作则,营造出以诚信为重的环境,为幼儿营造说真话的氛围。引导幼儿,使幼儿的心理得到健康发展。     

The role of orthographic flexibility in Chinese word reading among kindergarten children

Abstract

The present study aimed to examine the potential importance of orthographic flexibility for Chinese reading acquisition. Orthographic flexibility is a novel concept that represents the ability to manage and switch attention among multiple aspects of orthographic information. A total of 92 Chinese kindergarten children at age 6 were assessed on measures of orthographic flexibility, orthographic knowledge, executive functions (EF) skills (i.e. cognitive flexibility and working memory) and Chinese word reading. Results of hierarchical regressions showed that orthographic flexibility uniquely and significantly contributed to word reading beyond the effects of established predictors, namely orthographic knowledge and EF skills. Path analysis further indicated that orthographic flexibility significantly mediated the contribution of EF skills to word reading. These findings provided theoretical insights into the linkage between domain-general EF skills and domain-specific reading ability. The present study also provided practical implication that training on orthographic flexibility in addition to orthographic knowledge could be beneficial to early acquisition of Chinese word reading.     

A taxonomic view of pretend play activity among 4- and 5-year-old children

Based on findings from a 6-month study that explored the nature of literate behavior in the pretend play episodes of eight preschoolers, a taxonomy of their pretend play activity is described and analyzed. Relationships between the different kinds of pretend play activity as demonstrated by these youngsters are examined in light of the taxonomy and other research. Implications of certain kinds of pretend play activity for emergent literacy development are also briefly discussed.     

The play behavior of hearing-impaired kindergarten children

This exploratory study examined the cognitive and social play behaviors of hearing-impaired kindergarten children with regard to classroom instructional mode and communication strategies. Two classes were observed--one using sign communication and the other using an oral-based method of communication. Functional, constructive, dramatic, and social play behaviors were observed and documented. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups of children with regard to social and dramatic play as well as with regard to levels of aggression. For example, children in the sign-based class demonstrated higher levels of social play behavior and lower levels of aggression than the children in the oral-based class. Guidelines and strategies to help children initiate and sustain play are suggested.     

Correlates of overrating and underrating of cognitive competence among kindergarten children

This study focused on kindergarten children who were rated by teachers as low but rated themselves as high on cognitive competence (“overraters”), and on kindergarteners who were classified by teachers as high but rated themselves as low on cognitive competence (“underraters”). Children rated themselves and were rated by their teachers on Harter and Pike's (1984) Pictorial Scale for Young Children. Results showed that overrating and underrating in the cognitive domain were associated with similar tendencies in the physical, peer, and mother acceptance domains. Overraters were rated by teachers as lower on peer and mother acceptance than were accurate perceivers with similar teacher-rated cognitive competence. Underraters did not differ on these variables from accurate perceivers of similar teacher-rated cognitive competence. The findings are consistent with the notion that extreme overrating among kindergarteners is not a chance phenomenon, but a defensive strategy that occurs most often among children who are particularly unsuccessful in the social domains. In contrast, underrating among kindergarteners does not seem to be associated with low social acceptance.