芬兰教师教育模式对我国师范生教育的启示

芬兰的教师教育较为领先,我国的基础教育则相对落后。反思芬兰教师教育模式有助于我国师范教育质量和教师职业能力的提高。     

特殊教育的循证实践取向

循证实践已成为特殊教育研究与实践的新范式.本文探讨了特殊教育中循证实践的概念内涵、基本过程,以及实施和推广,对于加强我国特殊教育政策基本理论研究、提升特殊教育科研的实践价值、以及提高特殊教育的质量与成效,具有重要的参考价值.     

Excellence through Special Education? Lessons from the Finnish School Reform

The present article focuses on connections between part-time special education and the good results of Finnish students in PISA studies. After a brief summary of the comprehensive school system and special education in Finland, PISA results are analysed. The analysis shows that the relative amount of special education targeted at language problems is highest in Finland among those countries from which comparative statistics are available. The writers argue that this preventive language-oriented part-time special education is an important factor behind the good PISA results.     

变革中的芬兰高等教育定向

本文从大学立法与大学定向、多科技术学院立法与定向、教育评估以及科研评估等方面系统阐述了芬兰高等教育的定向及发展趋势。     

Friends of Special Education: A Parent Training Model

This article describes a 5-year project in which, over 200 parents of handicapped children were trained, as 'Friends of Special Education.' The project represented a partnership .among central office and local school district administrators and a technical assistance team. Major objectives of the project were to increase effective interaction of parents with school personnel, to help parents understand the teaming process, and to increase parent involvement in their children's school program. The training model was designed to have a multiplier effect with parents who completed training prepared to be active in their respective local school and to serve as resources to. other parents. The project's impact is described along with recommendations for parent training.     

双流向多层次教育安置模式、全纳教育以及我国特殊教育发展格局的探讨

该文分析了美国“双流向多层次教育安置模式”的特点,并在对这一模式进行批判性分析的基础之上阐述了全纳教育的基本观点以及西方特殊教育发展模式的主要变迁。然后,作者对我国特殊教育发展格局进行了思考,认为我国特殊教育发展格局应调整为“以一定数量的特殊教育学校为资源中心,大量的随班就读结合资源教室或巡回辅导教师制为主体”的基本格局。     

变革中的芬兰高等教育管理

世界经济论坛在对全球117个国家和地区的年度竞争力排名中,芬兰连续三年名列第一,其经济实力的增长,源于其先进的教育管理体制和科教兴国的发展战略,也是芬兰积极推进高等教育国际化的必然结果。     

The Rules Keep Changing: Special Education in a Reforming Education System

The character of special education is being subjected to critical review in most countries. This scrutiny should take account of the impact on special education of reforms in education more generally, Equally, all education policy makers and school personnel should ensure that the interests of students with special educational needs are taken into account. This article considers how special education intersects with education reforms in general, with reference to such issues as choice, contestability, decentralisation, and accountability. Particular attention will be paid to events which have taken place in New Zealand since the institution of major reforms in educational administration in 1989.     

服务导向的广义特殊教育模式

与西方一些国家流行的以标签为导向的特殊教育模式相对照,本文首次提出了一种以服务为导向的特殊教育模式.这种模式的着眼点是对具有特殊需要的儿童提供广义的特殊教育以及相关服务,其根本任务是集中力量培育服务资源,建立健全综合性的服务传递体制.它要求我们把注意力从儿童个人心理特征的测评和传统的学校成绩评价,转向特殊教育的专业服务资源培育和有效服务体系的制度化建设上来.三级预防的理念和策略,应该是我国发展综合服务性的广义特殊教育的一个基本参照.     

The Appointment Procedure in a Finnish University Department of Teacher Education

The author describes the recruitment policy of staff for teacher education in Finland by means of the governing principles and their realisation in decision‐making, and the appointment process as experienced by a new staff member. The article is based on statutes, regulations, documents and interviews with the Head of the Department of Teacher Education as well as with a recently appointed member of the staff. The staff policy is viewed in terms of subjectivity, objectivity and broadness in the decision‐making process.     

芬兰高等职业教育新进展及对我国的启示

芬兰的高等职业教育日趋成熟、完善。它作为芬兰高等教育双轨体系的重要组成部分,建立了规范的院校管理体制、职业能力标准和特色办学模式。芬兰的高等职业院校注重学生的实践能力发展,强调学校与其他机构的合作,教学管理制度清晰而明确,为我国高职教育发展提供了重要启示。     

研究性学习中科学教育与人文教育的融合

研究性学习融实践性、开放性、探究性、自主性为一体,以培养、提高学生创造性学习为核心,以激发潜能、发展个性和完善人格为重点。因此,在研究性学习的教学活动过程中,始终追求科学教育与人文教育的融合,全面提高学生的综合素质,是当前教育选择的目标,也是未来教育发展的必然趋势。     

Special Education Integration: The Arezzo Approach

Interviews were conducted in three schools in Arezzo, Italy to determine progress in the integration of students with a disability in regular class settings. Thirteen parents, seven teachers and three school administrators were interviewed. Findings indicated strong teacher and administrative support for integration, a good collaborative relationship between regular and special education teachers, and a focus on social development in the elementary grades. Concerns were expressed about insufficient supportive services at the middle and secondary school levels as well as less tolerance for students with a disability. Arezzo has made significant progress toward integration but program development is needed at the secondary level.     

构建发展性教育模式创办特殊教育强校

目前，我国特殊教育已实现建校办班、提高入学率的数量型增长。如何对弱智学生实施全面发展的素质教育，促使这一特殊群体综合能力全面提高，实现质量的效益型转轨，迈向现代化特殊教育，这是摆在特教工作者面前的一个大课题。我校以发展性教育模式的构建引路，整体优化教育各环节，努力创办现代化特殊教育强校，向全国残疾人工作示范城市迈进。一、建模的基本思想、内容和方法在特殊教育中实施发展性教育模式，这是教育改革不断发展的需要，也是在特殊教育中全面实施素质教育的需要。我校在指导思想方面，要求全体教师牢固树立为弱智儿童服…     

从师范教育到教师教育:特殊教育师资培养的范式转变

自 2 0世纪 80年代以来 ,特殊师范教育逐渐成为我国特殊教育师资培训的主体 ,这是当时特殊教育发展的使然。但是随着社会变迁 ,特殊教育的发展 ,带有一次性、终结性的职前教育特色的特殊师范教育面临着严重的困境 ,已经越来越难以适应新的形势需要。以特殊教师教育代替特殊师范教育标志着特殊教育师资培养的范式转变。奠基于终身教育思想和特殊教育教师专业化发展的特殊教师教育有着自己鲜明的特征并蕴涵着深刻的思想内涵。     

美国特殊体育师资培养模式及其启示

美国的特殊体育师资培养起步较早,本文通过对美国特殊体育师资培养模式中的培养目标、培养课程、培养形式以及教师资格认证的梳理,总结其成功的经验,在此基础上,根据我国特殊体育教育发展的现状,对我国特殊体育教师的培养提出建议。     

师范教育中的特殊教育与特殊教育学

教育不等于教育学。师范院校的教育专业不等于教育学专业。对于特殊教育来说 ,特殊教育学专业同样也不能代替聋校语文、聋校数学、聋校外语、聋校体育等面向具体学科的专业。学科特点与教育学相通的特殊教育学只是应该设置的面向特殊教育的专业中的一个部分。师范院校设置的有关特殊教育的专业中 ,除了应该包括特殊教育学专业之外 ,还应该包括其他面向基层特殊学校特定课程的各种专业。     

我国特殊教育体育师资队伍培养体制与模式的研究

我国特殊教育事业蓬勃发展,2001年国家“将残疾儿童少年义务教育作为特殊教育事业发展的重点”,目前有大量的残疾儿童接受九年义务教育,但特殊教育体育师资出现短缺现状。借鉴国外发达国家培养特殊体育师资的经验,提出符合我国基本国情的特殊体育师资培养体制与模式,旨在尽快为我国特殊教育事业培养高素质、复合型的体育师资队伍。