Research upon return: The effect of international mobility on scientific ties,production and impact

Highly skilled return migrants contribute to the establishment of ties between the home and host systems. This paper studies how the professional ties, which Argentinean researchers built up during the time spent in foreign research systems, influence their collaboration patterns and their research outputs upon return. It confirms the expectation that having foreign work experience helps to explain the propensity to co-publish internationally and it also shows that researchers collaborate to a higher degree with their former host system. Another central finding is that foreign work experience has a positive effect on the propensity to publish in journals with a high impact factor. Additionally, a large share of this type of research is published without international co-authorship. We therefore do no not find evidence of a lack of publication autonomy in the case of Argentinean returnees.     

基础研究的经济回报率测度与评价:国外研究述评

随着基础研究活动规模和投入经费的不断扩大，对其投入的经济回报进行测度与评价的要求越来越迫切。几十年来，国外许多学者对此进行了有益的探索。现有的大多数有关基础研究回报率的估计与测度都或多或少基于科学研究与创新（商业化）间的线性作用模型，没有充分考虑到其复杂性、非线性和知识外溢效应等，存在方法论上的缺陷，此外测度方法与手段也需进一步创新。     

基础研究的经济回报率测度:国外研究述评

随着基础研究活动规模和投入经费的不断扩大 ,对其投入的经济回报进行测度与评价的要求越来越迫切。几十年来 ,国外许多学者对此进行了有益的探索。现有的大多数有关基础研究回报率的估计与测度都或多或少基于科学研究与创新 (商业化 )间的线性作用模型 ,没有充分考虑到其复杂性、非线性和知识外溢效应等 ,存在方法论上的缺陷 ,此外测度方法与手段也需进一步创新。     

The influence of knowledge-based resources and business scholars’ internationalization strategies on research performance

This study investigates how business research scholars’ internationalization strategies influence their research performance and how this relationship is moderated by the availability of different knowledge-based resources. The authors analyze citations to journal articles authored by business research scholars with German affiliations and examine how the number of citations is determined by international collaborations and a researcher's knowledge resources in terms of language skills, research experience, and foreign market knowledge. The results demonstrate that the augmentation of complementary knowledge resources (i.e., when researchers lack language skills and foreign market knowledge) positively influences the performance of a collaboration-based internationalization strategy (i.e., collaborations with international researchers). The collaboration-based strategy also improves performance for less experienced researchers, but this advantage diminishes with increasing research experience. The findings provide further insights into drivers of scholars’ research performance and have practical implications for science policy.     

跨界合作网络与专利产出的性别差异：基于中科院科研人员调查的实证研究

本文以中科院所属研究院所科研人员为主要调查对象，从跨界合作网络的视角出发，分析专利产出性别差异的社会网络机制。研究主要有3个发现：1.女性科研人员跨界合作网络规模和网络关系强度上均存在明显的欠缺；2.与企业界、其他学科领域合作网络规模和网络关系强度上的欠缺是影响专利产出性别差异的重要因素，而且网络关系强度的影响作用要大于网络规模的影响；3.性别对于跨界合作网络与专利产出关系的调节作用并不显著，即在拥有相同网络规模和网络关系强度的情况下，女性从与各类合作网络关系中获得专利产出回报的可能性与男性并无显著区别。与男性同事相比，女性的专利产出会更多地受到其他因素的影响，如职业早期的企业工作经历、单位组织的知识产权培训等。最后，在结果讨论的基础上提出在学术成果商业化新趋势下减少科技领域性别差异的政策建议。     

职称差异对科研成果的影响机制研究——以人文社科研究为例

研究职称差异对科研成果的影响机制不仅有利于充分调动科研人员的积极性,而且对于优化职称结构具有重要意义,但相关领域的研究比较薄弱。本文在分析不同职称科研人员对科研成果影响机制的基础上,采用联立方程模型研究不同职称科研人员对不同科研成果的贡献,并且研究高职称科研人员与低职称科研人员的协调效应,最后采用BP人工神经网络进行稳健性检验。研究结果表明：不同职称科研人员对科研成果的作用机制不同;高级职称科研人员对科研成果的贡献大于初中级职称科研人员;研发经费对科研成果的贡献要小于研发人员;高级职称科研人员与初中级职称科研人员协调不佳。最后从优化职称结构和科研经费分配方面提出了相关政策建议。     

国际黑色旅游研究的知识图谱——基于CiteSpace的计量分析

近年来,“黑色旅游”广受学术界关注,相关研究成果大量涌现,现已成为一个不断发展演进的重要知识领域。本文以“Web of Science^TM核心合集”为数据源,利用科学计量工具CiteSpace刻画了国际黑色旅游研究的知识图谱。研究发现：①国际黑色旅游研究的文献数量随着年份变化呈逐渐增长趋势,大量文献出现于2008年之后;②发文期刊集中于Annals of Tourism Research、Tourism Management等旅游学科传统的知名期刊;③发文作者多来自欧美和东亚地区,但各研究者之间合作较少;④样本中有17篇文献在该领域的知识演进过程中起到了关键作用,是最重要的知识基础;⑤研究内容集中于黑色旅游“供给”方面,对作为“需求”方的旅游者研究相对较少。通过对国际黑色旅游研究现状及进展的分析,本文认为未来国内黑色旅游研究应重点关注理论体系的构建、研究方法的创新以及研究的合作交流等方面。本文对深入认识国际黑色旅游研究领域的知识结构及其演化关系具有一定价值,同时也能为国内黑色旅游研究与实践提供参考。     

The determinants of research output and impact: A study of Mexican researchers

This paper uses a unique data set of Mexican researchers to explore the determinants of research output and impact. Our findings confirm a quadratic relationship between age and the number of published papers. However, publishing peaks when researchers are approximately 53 years old, 5 or 10 years later than what prior studies have shown. Overall, the results suggest that age does not have a substantial influence on research output and impact. We also find that reputation matters for the number of citations but not publications. Results also show important heterogeneity across areas of knowledge. Interpretations of other aspects, such as gender, country of PhD, and cohort effect, among others, are also discussed.     

Return mobility and scientific productivity of researchers working abroad: The role of home country linkages

Through an analysis of 497 foreign researchers in Italy and Portugal we verify the impact of home linkages on return mobility choices and scientific productivity. We consider the presence of several different types of linkages of the researchers working abroad with their country of origin and control for the most relevant contextual factors (age, research area, position in the host country, etc.). The probability of return to their home country and scientific productivity in the host country are both higher for researchers that maintain home linkages. We conclude that the presence of home linkages directly benefits both countries in addition to the indirect benefit of expanding the scientific networks. Policy implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.     

国际创业投资研究热点与趋势的可视化分析

在中国经济进入新常态的环境下，创业投资行业的发展面临巨大变革，有必要借鉴国际创业投资领域先进的研究成果，把握研究热点与研究趋势，帮助学者明确创业投资研究方向，为国内创业投资企业提供指引和借鉴。针对WOS核心数据库中1985-2018年的25种国际顶级期刊中903篇文献，运用CiteSpaceV软件，从“国家、机构、文献共被引聚类、突现词、关键词”等维度进行了可视化计量分析。找出了国际创业投资研究的高产国家、机构及作者，揭示了国际创业投资研究热点和演进过程，探究了国际创业投资研究发展的新趋势。研究发现：论文高产国家主要集中于美国、英国和加拿大；高产机构为Harvard Univ、Indiana Univ、Nottingham Univ等；高产作者为Douglas Cumming、Mike Wright、Sophie Manigart等。研究热点主要包括“创业投资策略、投资绩效、投资影响因素、对创业企业影响、投资网络”等；热点从20世纪末对创业投资公司、创业投资家、被投企业等理论研究为主，转向21世纪初对创业投资战略、投资网络、投资决策等实践研究为主，到最近几年创业投资对创新的影响、创业企业绩效、创业投资影响因素等实证研究为主；研究经历了1996年前的萌芽期、1997-2003年的成长期、2004-2013年的爆发期以及2014至今的稳定增长期四个阶段。     

全球新兴制造网络知识流动影响要素及演化

伴随全球新兴制造网络的发展,企业间国际知识流动呈现出新特点,其影响因素研究也从关注二元属性要素向网络关系要素转化。为此,基于网络资源观,提出企业资源配置网络影响国际知识流动网络的概念模型,并选取3D打印产业进行实证分析。基于专利、商业等多源异构数据,采用新兴的二次指派程序方法（QAP）,探讨产业发展各阶段影响要素及其演化。研究结果表明,国际化资源配置网络、价值链资源配置网络和产业制度资源配置网络均对国际知识流动网络有显著的正向影响;并且,其在产业不同发展阶段的作用效果有所不同。研究揭示了全球化、网络化时代企业间国际知识流动的新规律。     

手段导向对国际创业绩效的影响研究

基于手段导向理论和资源基础理论,构建手段导向、外部知识获取、国际机会识别与国际创业绩效之间关系的理论模型。通过对278份调查样本进行实证分析,结果表明：手段导向对国际创业绩效有显著正向影响;外部知识获取在手段导向与国际创业绩效之间具有中介作用;国际机会识别在手段导向与国际创业绩效之间具有中介作用;外部知识获取、国际机会识别在手段导向与国际创业绩效关系间具有链式中介作用。     

University-industry linkages in the UK: What are the factors underlying the variety of interactions with industry?

This paper examines the different channels through which academic researchers interact with industry and the factors that influence the researchers’ engagement in a variety of interactions. This study is based on a large scale survey of UK academic researchers. The results show that university researchers interact with industry using a wide variety of channels, and engage more frequently in the majority of the channels examined - such as consultancy & contract research, joint research, or training - as compared to patenting or spin-out activities. In explaining the variety and frequency of interactions, we find that individual characteristics of researchers have a stronger impact than the characteristics of their departments or universities. Finally, we argue that by paying greater attention to the broad range of knowledge transfer mechanisms (in addition to patenting and spin-outs), policy initiatives could contribute to building the researchers’ skills necessary to integrate the worlds of scientific research and application.     

返乡农户与长期农户的农业生产差异:生产规模与技术培训参与

基于7省2 293个农户的调查数据,分析长期农户、有务农经验的返乡农户和无务农经验的返乡农户在农业生产规模和参与技术培训方面的差异。结果发现,三种类型农户在务农年限、年龄、受教育水平及富裕程度等实际农业生产决策人特征和家庭特征上均存在明显差异。无务农经验的返乡农户的耕地规模显著大于其他两类农户,且该差异主要体现在适合大规模种植的农作物面积上。同时,无务农经验的返乡农户参与技术培训的积极性更高,但是不同类型农户的技术需求存在差异。     

基于QAP分析的国际知识流动影响要素研究——以光伏产业为例

当前全球经济一体化进程的加快,使得企业间国际知识流动的重要性日益凸显。同时我国正实施以市场为主导的创新驱动发展战略,期望实现由传统技术追赶向国际前沿创新的模式转型,越来越多的新兴产业企业正面临着高度国际化而政府干预较少的市场化竞争,而这些企业的国际知识流动也开始出现了复杂网络化的新形势。由此,通过构建基于企业知识基础观的国际知识流动分析框架,探讨这些国际化程度较高但政府规制较少的特定情境下新兴产业的国际知识流动及内在影响机制。通过以光伏产业为例,构建了37家企业的国际专利引用知识网络,利用检验关系数据的QAP分析法验证了企业的内外部因素7个变量对国际知识流动的影响。研究结果表明,我国光伏企业高度参与了国际知识流动,而专利家族布局相似性、RD强度相似性及技术相似性正向促进国际知识流动;企业员工规模相似性反向影响国际知识流动;利润率相似性、固定资产规模相似性以及产业环境相似性对国际知识流动没有显著影响。     

我国图情研究人员的国际科研产出及影响因素分析——基于半结构化访谈的探索性研究

通过对12位研究型高校图情学院科研人员的半结构化访谈,发现国际科研产出可划分为国际科研行为和国际科研成果二维结构,一般而言二者是正相关关系,并确定了行为和成果类型。影响研究人员国际科研产出的因素包括个体层面的自我效能感和结果预期因素以及组织环境层面因素,除已有研究中大部分影响教师科研绩效的因素得到访谈学者认可外,访谈亦得出一些新的影响因素。     

The emergence of entrepreneurship as an academic field: A personal essay on institutional entrepreneurship

The academic field of entrepreneurship research has grown from groups of isolated scholars doing research on small businesses to an international community of departments, institutes, and foundations promoting research on new and high-growth firms. Growth has produced increasingly systematic and interconnected knowledge and growing numbers of knowledge producers and knowledge users share core concepts, principles, and research methods, and a handful of highly cited scholars have emerged as thought leaders within research subfields. The field is increasingly formalized and anchored in a small set of intellectual bases, although there are also some signs of differentiation and fragmentation. Using an institutional theory perspective and drawing upon my experience in the field, I explore six forces creating the institutional infrastructure. First, social networking mechanisms have created a social structure facilitating connections between researchers. Second, publication opportunities have increased dramatically. Third, training and mentoring has moved to a collective rather than individual apprenticeship model. Fourth, major foundations and many other smaller funding sources have changed the scale and scope of entrepreneurship research. Fifth, new mechanisms have emerged that recognize and reward individual scholarship, reinforcing the identity of entrepreneurship research as a field and attracting new scholars into it. Sixth, globalizing forces have affected all of these trends. I conclude with some thoughts about the consequences of these developments with regard to the giving of practical and timely advice to entrepreneurs, the effects of American hegemony on choices of research topics and methods, and the possible loss of theoretical eclecticism.     

合作网络视角下国际人才对组织知识创新影响研究——以人工智能领域为例

全球创新网络发展中,国际人才是组织知识创新的关键要素,向内重塑组织知识结构,向外提升组织知识创新影响力。本文以人工智能为例,基于USPTO和WOS数据库,分析国际人才对组织知识创造的影响,通过社会网络分析方法,刻画科学合作网络与专利合作网络特征,并进一步研究国际人才对组织在知识网络中位势的影响。研究结论显示,国际人才对组织实现科学新知识创造产生显著的正向影响,对组织在知识创新网络的位势具有显著的正向影响。本文的主要贡献在于从科学和技术合作网络视角验证了国际人才在新知识创造中的重要作用,并打开了国际人才影响创新组织在知识网络位势的黑箱,这对于我国构建全球创新网络具有重要现实意义。     

制度的扭曲:第一作者制度与论文合作

随着学术研究的日益规范化和复杂化，合作成为增加科研产出的主要途径。本文通过问卷收集了主要院校的科研评价制度，将其与三大经济管理类期刊的论文发表数据进行匹配，基于2000-2014年间部分高校调整第一作者制度的准自然实验，采用双重差分法（DID）的设计考察了科研制度对论文合作的影响。研究发现：（1）评职称认可非第一作者的制度能够使得论文合作的概率显著提高约33.5%，而评奖励承认非第一作者的制度没有显著影响；（2）在考虑了合作的异质性后，非第一作者制度主要促进了跨校合作，对院内合作和同校跨院合作的影响不明显；（3）作用机制分析表明，这种合作效应主要源自教师面临的晋升压力。本文的结论对于推动科研评价体系改革具有重要参考价值。     

The impact of national research funds: A regression discontinuity approach to the Chilean FONDECYT

This paper analyses the role of national research funds in promoting scientific production in emerging economies. The study focuses on the impact of the Chilean National Science and Technology Research Fund (FONDECYT). The analysis uses data drawn from international sources of bibliometric information combined with the administrative records of the program's executing unit. To measure the program's impact, we implement a regression discontinuity (RD) design on principal researchers who applied for funding between 1988 and 1997 considering as outcomes both quantity (publications up to 2002) and quality (citations up to 2005) of their scientific production. Our results show significant and positive impact in terms of publications, but no impact in terms of quality of scientific production in the proximity of the program's threshold ranking.