从\"运动型\"治理到\"可持续型\"治理——中国公共治理模式嬗变的逻辑与路径

\"运动型\"治理的逻辑根源在于对中国传统治理模式的依赖、对自上而下行政运行体制的遵循以及将短期政绩作为政府治理目标的错位,最终表现出治理效果不明显、公共权力异化、政府公信力下降等弊端。\"可持续型\"治理作为一种替代性的治理模式,遵循既定的制度、规则和程序,涵盖了制度治理、依法治理、参与治理和长效治理等理念。实现\"运动型\"治理向\"可持续型\"治理转变,确保公共治理绩效的可持续改进,是转型期中国公共治理模式嬗变的路径与方向。     

The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions

A quasi-evolutionary model of socio-technical transitions is described in which regimes face selection pressures continuously. Differentiated transition contexts determine the form and direction of regime change in response to these pressures. The articulation of pressures, and the degree to which responses are coordinated and based on resources available within the regime, define the transition context. Four alternative contexts are described: endogenous renewal; re-orientation of trajectories; emergent transformation and purposive transitions. Agency and power in the governance of regime transformation are analysed. Power to affect change depends on regime membership, the distribution of resources for change and expectations.     

Wearing multiple hats—The role of working group chairs’ affiliation in standards development

Standards Development Organizations (SDO) make critical decisions shaping the direction of technological innovation. SDOs are usually considered to offer a neutral venue for the collaborative efforts of different stakeholders, which often pursue competing particular interests. Nevertheless, individuals acting on behalf of the SDO, such as working group chairs, are themselves often employees of individual SDO stakeholders. Recently, there have been concerns that over-representation of the employees of certain powerful stakeholders in SDO leadership positions may undermine the objectivity of SDO decision making. Nevertheless, to date, there exists no empirical evidence to corroborate these concerns. We find that being affiliated with one of the largest SDO stakeholders significantly increases an individual’s likelihood of being appointed to a leadership position at IETF, but not at 3GPP. At the same time, in both SDOs, working groups whose chairs are affiliated with leading stakeholders produce standards that are less cited and less referenced than standards produced by other working groups, in particular those chaired by university affiliates. Our findings suggest that the commercial interests of individuals’ employers may facilitate these individuals’ ascension to SDO leadership positions, but the potential for conflicts between these commercial interests of chairs’ employers and the organizational goals of the SDO may negatively impact the success of the working group’s standards.     

企业持续创新影响因素评述

在动态复杂环境下,持续创新是企业维持竞争优势的唯一来源,持续创新能力决定了企业稳定发展的程度,成为企业是否健康的重要衡量标准。本文在对国内外企业持续创新及持续创新能力主要研究文献进行评述的基础上,从持续创新的外部影响因素、内部影响因素及内外转换影响因素三个方面对企业持续创新的影响因素进行了评述,为企业持续创新能力评价指标体系的构建提供了理论依据,进而为培育企业持续创新机制和增强持续创新能力寻找途径。     

地方政府创新的分权化制度供给模式

分权化改革是释放地方政府与地方治理能量的制度基础。政治分权和功能性分权从垂直和水平层面分割出了地方政府的创新空间并提供了相应的制度模式。分权化并非万能灵药,不适当的分权化制度模式的供给,可能会导致腐败和地方政府的碎片化,从而威胁到地方政府创新的能力。     

Exploring the sources of design innovations: Insights from the computer,communications and audio equipment industries

Whereas business research has focused on the impact of design innovations on market response and financial performance, the sources of design innovations, as opposed to those of technological innovations, have largely escaped investigation. In this research, we examine the organizational, financial, and environmental drivers of design innovations and how they contrast to technological innovations. Our study utilizes a unique dataset encompassing a 10-year window of innovation output drawn from the computer, communications, and audio and video equipment manufacturing industries. Our results suggest that design innovations are driven primarily by investments in research and development and slack organizational resources. Interestingly, we find that design innovations are more prevalent in smaller but fast-growing markets as opposed to technology innovations, which are prevalent in larger markets. Contrary to expectations, we find no association between marketing investments and design innovations. Our research contributes to the extant business literature by considering the sources of design innovations separately from the sources of technology innovations. We also contribute to the literature by distinguishing design and technology patents, developing a deeper understanding of design innovation, and illuminating a lesser understood source of competitive advantage for firms.     

论项目的社会目标与项目社会影响评估

项目社会影响评估是一个非常重要的项目评估内容,然而我国现有的项目社会影响评估内容和方法存在一些问题。本文通过研究提出应该根据社会发展的基本目标来开展项目社会影响评估。从而充分评估项目对社会目标所产生的影响。具体而言,在项目的社会影响评估中应该引入项目的社会公平、社会效率、社会可持续发展评估以及项目公平与效率的集成评估等方面的评估内容。     

知识库建设引领学习型大学创新发展

军校教员知识结构和任职教育能力能否适应当前军队院校向部队靠拢的要求是院校顺利实现教育转型的重要前提。文章在阐明知识库建设重大意义的基础上,指出通过知识库的学习,可以完善教员知识结构和提升任职教育的能力,并在知识库建设的内容和步骤上提出了自己的建议。     

Innovation studies and sustainability transitions: The allure of the multi-level perspective and its challenges

Sustainable development is prompting a re-assessment of innovation and technological change. This review paper contributes three things towards this re-assessment activity. First, it considers how the history of innovation studies for sustainable development can be explained as a process of linking broader analytical frameworks to successively larger problem framings. Second it introduces an emerging framework whose allure rests in its ability to capture the bigger picture: the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions (MLP). Whilst burgeoning researcher networks and literature suggests this policy-relevant theory is attractive, it is not without its challenges. The third purpose of this paper is to elaborate these challenges as areas for further research and development. We do this by drawing upon contributions to this special section and the wider literature.     

Governing the virtual academic commons

This paper investigates the way in which certain institutions governing the common resources shared by academics and others are affected by the increase in communication facilities, disciplinary transgression and the value of knowledge. By taking its point of departure from concepts such as ‘tragedy of the commons’ and social dilemmas, the paper argues that institutions which have traditionally governed the so called ‘academic commons’ are now challenged by a number of factors pertinent to the evolution of knowledge society. As a result the governance principles for the academic commons must be further explicated and revised in the light of the new situation. A case in point from a recent on-line initiative by the US National Institute of Health (NIF) is presented to illustrate how such institutions can be built. Finally, a number of governance strategies are presented for an increasingly wired “virtual academic commons”.     

环境、社会和公司治理（ESG）表现对企业绿色创新效率的影响——基于负债和寻租变化的分析

以环境、社会和公司治理（ESG）信息披露为代表的非正式环境规制具有自下而上的环境治理效应。ESG表现对企业绿色创新效率的影响日益受到社会各界关注,有关研究也能够较为真实反映ESG表现对企业绿色创新活动的影响。为此,基于A股上市公司2009—2021年的数据,实证分析ESG表现对其绿色创新效率的影响及作用机制,并根据企业ESG表现差异和绿色创新效率类型展开异质性讨论。研究发现：ESG表现能够促进企业绿色创新效率提升,并可通过降低企业财务杠杆和减少企业寻租促进企业绿色创新效率提升;企业ESG表现对绿色创新效率的影响存在企业异质性,具体对高ESG表现企业存在负向影响,对低ESG表现企业存在正向影响;企业为提高ESG评级存在绿色创新投机行为,通过增加策略性绿色创新产出提高ESG水平,ESG表现越差则策略性绿色创新效率越高。鉴于此,提出应重视实质性绿色创新活动,形成企业重视、社会关注、政府支持的,以实质性绿色创新为导向的绿色创新体系。     

论生态化技术创新的社会功能

经济利益至上的技术创新观使技术创新的社会功能单一化,造成了技术创新行为的社会失范,因此必须接受新的科学发展观的调适与整合。生态化技术创新是一种新的技术创新观,在以经济增长为中心的前提下,谋求自然生态、经济效益、社会和谐以及人的全面发展的良性互动与协同共进。提出从生态化技术创新的社会认同性、制度化规范、社会创新系统等方面的社会整合,促进生态化技术创新社会功能的实现。     

中国草地资源可持续开发的制度创新切入点——构建绿色经济制度

面对西部大开发态势,草业已成为学术界关注的焦点,但如何从学术讨论向付诸于实践,尤其在经济领域如何具体运行这一产业还缺乏一完善的制度体系。为此,该文从西方经济学和新制度经济学角度,通过探讨草地资源可持续开发的经济本质——实现草地资源的有效配置、从理论上透析草地生态环境问题产生的制度根源——市场和政府配置草地资源失灵,寻求中国草地资源可持续开发即草业发展的制度创新切入点——构建绿色经济制度。以期为实现草地资源可持续发展奠定经济学理论基础,尤其为中国草业发展提供可靠的政策依据。     

基于技术创新的虚拟企业治理结构分析

本对传统经济学的企业间技术创新的观点进行了回顾,提出了虚拟企业是企业间技术创新的重要组织形式,从新制度经济学、新社会经济学、外部性和社会资本理论的角度对虚拟企业进行了分析,对虚拟企业的治理结构进行探索性分析,探讨虚拟企业治理结构存在的问题,提出了虚拟企业治理的逻辑关系。     

The social as the heart of social innovation and social entrepreneurship: An emerging area or an old crossroads?

This paper aims to contribute to the conceptual debate on the connection between social innovation and social entrepreneurship, considering the role of the ‘social’ within this connection. Supported by a systematic literature review (SLR) with an in-depth analysis of 34 articles from Scopus-indexed and Web of Science databases journals, this paper identifies, analyzes and describes the difficulties and opportunities in the social innovation and social entrepreneurship literature. Little is known about the link between both concepts and the influence of the ‘social’ in their development and implementation. This SLR was conducted to identify and describe definitions and patterns. Results show that the connection between social innovation and social entrepreneurship is in its take-off phase, but it still is a fragmented field with a huge lack of consensus. Thus, it will be important to see where the field will head, as this paper aims to be a first step in the understanding of social innovation and social entrepreneurship through a collective and integrated perspective, providing an elucidation of the different perspectives of the literature.