What determines patent value?: Insights from the semiconductor industry

This paper contributes to an understanding which impacts certain patent characteristics have on the value of patent rights. In an exploratory study, 127 individual patents from a semiconductor company were evaluated comprehensively by technical and marketing representatives. The analysis of this rare data shows that for patents used as “bargaining chips”, novelty and inventive activity are most important. Difficulty of inventing around and disclosure turn out to be of limited importance. Due to a selection bias the influence of patent age on its value cannot be determined. The results hint at a differentiated theoretical plausibility of value indicators.     

Internal sequential innovations: How does interrelatedness affect patent renewal?

The value of patented innovations has attracted substantial research attention, especially in the context of patent renewal. However, research often assumes that a firm's patented innovations are independent from each other. We draw upon evolutionary economics and suggest that some of a firm's patents share important genealogical relationships, which we refer to as internal sequential innovations. We propose internal sequential innovations are more valuable and therefore more likely to be renewed than stand-alone innovations. We examine our hypotheses from a dataset of US pharmaceutical and biotechnology patents. The results confirm our hypotheses at both the patent and the firm levels.     

透过专利信息看区域科技创新能力

创新是新时代的主题,专利是科技创新的源泉,而专利指标是反映创新过程的重要指标。本文以贵州省专利数据为例,借用专利密度指数、有效专利、发明专利等具体指标,通过与全国和西部十二省区专利数据的比较分析,以及对贵州省专利分类的不同情况、地区分布和领域分布,分别研究分析了贵州省科技创新能力,最后小结了存在的问题,提出改进措施。     

科研机构专利分级分类管理体系研究

本文立足于现阶段科研机构专利管理工作面临的突出问题,探索建立一套符合科研机构知识产权发展阶段,体现科研机构自身特点的分层进阶式专利分级分类管理体系,并尝试构建了围绕战略、法律、技术和效益4个维度的科研机构专利价值评价模型,为科研组织开展全生命周期专利管理和决策提供参考。     

创设准公益性专利交易机制研究

准公益性专利交易指兼顾营利性与公益性等双重效果的专利交易行为。其宗旨、资金来源、机构性质、收费方式、评价方式及其评价指标与协调难易程度等方面具有特殊性。本研究建言以交易费用理论与利益平衡理论为制度基础,打造特色专利银行,汇聚布局型与反诉型专利,形成开放会员模式的基金招募等专利运营模式,设置布局型与反诉型专利基金,创设准公益性专利交易机制。     

What determines technological hits?: Geography versus firm competencies

The centrality of firms vis-à-vis regions underlines a general contrast between two models of producing innovations. This paper uses a new database composed of 4262 European chemical patents applied by 693 firms during 1987–1996 to compare the relative effect of firm and regional characteristics on the production of technological “hits” (highly cited patents). By using extensive controls, the main finding of the paper is that technological hits in the “traditional” chemical sectors are explained only by R&D intensity at the firm level and the scale of the research projects. Firm competencies, particularly technological specialisation, are still important in biotechnology. However, the distinct feature of the biotechnology model is that localised knowledge spillovers also matter.     

Applicant and examiner citations in U.S. patents: An overview and analysis

Prior art patent citations have become a popular measure of patent quality and knowledge flow between firms. Interpreting these measurements is complicated, in some cases, because prior art citations are added by patent examiners as well as by patent applicants. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) adopted new reporting procedures in 2001, making it possible to measure examiner and applicant citations separately for the first time. We analyzed prior art citations listed in all U.S. patents granted in 2001-2003, and found that examiners played a significant role in identifying prior art, adding 63% of citations on the average patent, and all citations on 40% of patents granted. An analysis of variance found that firm-specific variables explain most of the variation in examiner-citation shares. Using multivariate regression, we found that foreign applicants to the USPTO had the highest proportion of citations added by examiners. High-volume patent applicants had a greater proportion of examiner citations, and a substantial number of firms won patents without listing a single applicant citation. In terms of technology, we found higher examiner shares among patents in electronics, communications, and computer-related fields. Taken together, our findings suggest that firm-level patenting practices, particularly among high-volume applicants, have a strong influence on citation data and merit additional research.     

基于专利网络的技术演进研究方法探索

技术演进研究可用于梳理技术领域的发展脉络和内部技术活动的发展历史及现状,对政府和企业的科技战略管理具有重要意义。专利引文分析在技术演进研究中存在难以准确判断专利的技术主题相似度、分析的范围和潜在信息的丰富性有限等缺陷,而文本挖掘方法可以对专利的文本内容进行深度分析,能在一定程度上弥补专利引文分析的缺陷,因此探索将专利引文分析与文本挖掘方法相结合,在专利引用关系矩阵和专利文本相似度矩阵的基础上创建C-T（Citation-Text）专利网络,并对C-T专利网络进行聚类分析和可视化展示来研究技术的演进过程,旨在进行技术演进研究方法的创新,丰富技术演进研究的方法体系。     

高校专利实施能力评价的实证研究及对策建议

以具有权利转让、许可或质押这三种实施方式的专利为研究目标,选取数量指标、技术指标、实施速度指标和价值指标为一级评价指标构建评价指标体系,以四川省高校为例对高校专利实施能力进行综合评价。四川省高校实施专利发展不如中部和东部地区,同时专利质量有待提升、专利管理和各方技术合作有待加强。四川省高校科研人员、科技成果管理部门和知识产权信息服务中心需要团结协作促进科技创新和科研成果的转移转化。     

Patent indicators for the technology life cycle development

Investments in a technology have to consider its current life cycle stage. The widespread approach of studying technology life cycles by measuring patent activity indices, especially patent applications, raises a practical problem: it requires the survey of all applications and applicants on a technological field. On the basis of an empirical study on pacemaker technology the paper identifies several patent indices as appropriate life cycle stage indicators which do not require the survey of the complete patent activity.     

Paths of technology upgrading in the BRICS economies

This paper explores technology upgrading of BRICS economies based on a three-pronged approach, which distinguishes between the intensity of technology upgrading, structural change and global interaction. We develop a statistical framework based on patent indicators to measure technological upgrading and apply it to BRICS economies in the period 1980–2015. The paper shows that there is no single path of technology upgrading. Instead, we find several unique paths with different trade-offs between intensity, structural change and the nature of the global interaction. All BRICS economies display increased generation of frontier technological activities, while China and Russia have also increased the intensity of behind frontier technological activities. China has also diversified its technology knowledge base and entered into dynamic frontier areas. With increasing intensity of frontier technology activities of the BRICS, the relative, but not absolute, the importance of foreign actors and international collaboration has declined. However, BRICS economies seem to lack the organisational and complementary capabilities to match the extent of technology sourcing from abroad, observed in high-income countries. Our result represents the application of a new conceptual framework and contributes to assessing the sustainability of innovation-based growth among BRICS.     

Today's Edisons or weekend hobbyists: technical merit and success of inventions by independent inventors

We set out to determine if independent inventors can be considered “heroes” or “hobbyists”, that is, if they produce the most or the least influential inventions in a product category. We study patented inventions by independent and firm-based inventors by comparing patents along four dimensions: Patent citation impact, detail, scope, and maintenance. Examining 225 tennis racket patents granted in the US between 1981 and 1991, we find that independent inventors are a heterogeneous group who generate inventions that are overrepresented both among the most impactful and the least impactful patents. The metrics we develop provide insight into ex ante identification of the importance of inventions.     

网上获取并检索免费专利全文的方法

快又廉价获取专利全文是众多科技工作者梦寐以求的事。本文介绍一种免费获取国外专利全文方法,以帮助那些致力于科技创新的人们。     

高通的全球反垄断调查与标准必要专利研究

[目的/意义]市场支配地位的滥用形式具有多样性、复杂性和隐蔽性,且在不断的改变与\"进化\"中。高通公司作为无线通信行业拥有最多标准必要专利的专利许可经营者、芯片制造商和销售商,近年来被全球范围的竞争执法和司法机构的高度关注。由于目前各国(地区)的行政处罚或司法裁判存在较大差异,并且在探索与相互学习、影响中,对高通的全球反垄断案件进行梳理和总结具有理论和实践的双重意义。[方法/过程]通过分析论证各国认定高通公司反垄断违法性的以下关键问题:市场支配地位的认定、\"无许可,无芯片\"政策、拒绝交易与搭售行为、忠诚折扣与独家交易、许可费率的确定。[结果/结论]总结高通公司垄断的核心在于纵向一体化商业模式,为我国同类专利许可与反垄断调查案件的经验借鉴尽绵薄之力。     

Academic versus industry patenting: An in-depth analysis of what determines patent value

This paper compares corporate and academic patents and tests whether they have similar value distributions and share common determinants of value. The empirical results based on an in-depth analysis of 400 biotech patents applied for by Belgian universities and firms lead to the following observations: (i) academic and corporate patent value distributions have similar levels of ‘skewness’; (ii) the identification of the institutional origin of knowledge allows for an improved understanding of the value determinants and (iii) there is a need to stimulate star scientists to codify their tacit knowledge into valuable patents.