School Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: An Exploratory History

In the United Kingdom, television for schools is 50 years old in 2007. The anniversary provides a reason to undertake an exploratory history of school broadcasting, an area that has received very little attention from historians of British education. The first part of this article examines the origins of school radio broadcasting, focusing especially upon the pioneering work of Mary Somerville, who served as the BBC’s first Director of School Broadcasting from 1929 to 1947. It is then argued that school broadcasting had a ‘good war’, enhancing its international reputation and sense of public value between 1939 and 1945. Following the conclusion of hostilities, there were high expectations that television for schools would become quickly established, but financial, technical and other practical impediments delayed the launch of services until 1957. By that time, commercial television had emerged as a rival to the BBC and it was an ITV company, Associated‐Rediffusion, rather than the BBC, which won the race to broadcast the first television programmes for schools. Some significant technological and market‐led changes since the 1980s are noted, but the conclusion states that the reputation of British school broadcasting remains high at the beginning of the twenty‐first century.     

英国的高等土木工程教育概况

本文介绍了英国高等工程教育概况,主要包括高等土木工程教育的培养模式及课程设置及其特色,教学特点和实践要求,以及高等工程学校的资格认证制度,着重分析了英国高等工程教育课程设置和对实践的要求,并与中式高等工程教育相比较,可供我国高等工程教育的实施与改革参考。     

Distance students in the United Kingdom

Over the last hundred years correspondence study for adults has been a substantial ‐‐ if little studied ‐‐ part of the education and training of adults in the UK Private colleges, non‐profit making institutions, professional, trades union and political bodies were experienced in the provision of correspondence courses long before the Open University came on the scene. In 1981, a national survey of mature students included almost a third who were distance students. Alan Woodley, of the Institute of Educational Technology at the Open University, was a member of the survey team.     

School Failure in the United Kingdom

This paper comprises five sections. Section 1 is concerned with the aims of education and definitions of pupil success and pupil failure, including criteria for determining success/failure; and section 2 proposes a model of pupil ssuccess/pupil failure which is analysed in terms of (i) ‘within-child’ characteristics and previous learning experiences, (ii) the physical, social and educational environment, and (iii) the extent to which there is a match or mismatch between educational provision and educational needs. The different criteria for measuring success/failure (educational attainment and pupil progress; pupil behaviour; pupils’ self-concepts and expectations of success; attitudes to school; number of pupils assessed as having special educational needs) are identified in section 3, and sources of evidence are analysed. Section 4 traces the legislative basis of educational provision from the 1944 Education Act, through the Education Act of 1988, which introduced the National Curriculum, to the present, while section 5 examines current developments in education.     

Death Education in the United Kingdom

Abstract

This paper, which is in three parts, first surveys the development of some forms of informal death education in the United Kingdom since Gorer's (1965) post‐war survey of attitudes to death, grief and mourning. It notes how many of the responses made to the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, are part of such developments. Next it shows how the media in particular, together with exhibitions, courses and reports, continue to contribute to the attainment of four goals originally applied to American Death Education: (1) informing of facts not currently widespread in society, (2) learning to deal with feelings about one's own death and the deaths of significant others, (3) becoming informed consumers of medical and funeral services, and (4) clarifying one's values on social and ethical issues. The paper concludes by outlining some choices and challenges that death and bereavement present using Buber's I‐‐Thou perspective.     

Special Education in the United Kingdom

ALL CHILDREN of school age in the United Kingdom are the responsibility of the Education Authority and must be offered educational provision. About 1.3% of pupils attend special schools; other pupils with special educational needs receive support of various kinds in ordinary schools. The Education Act 1981 is the main legislative instrument concerned with special education: it defined special educational needs, established integration as a key principle guiding service provision and laid down detailed procedures for conducting assessments. Special educational provision is likely to be affected significantly by the general Education Act introduced in 1988 but the precise implications are not yet clear.     

Current trends in the United Kingdom

This paper surveys developments in Higher Education in the United Kingdom since the publication of the White Paper in December 1992. It considers in particular: (1) the progress made in the reorganisation of the public sector of Higher Education, in particular of the Colleges of Education; (2) the extent to which the pressure of student demand is slackening, with consequent reduction in the rates of growth envisaged in the White Paper; (3) the tendency for women to form a larger proportion of the applicants and of those admitted, both in arts-based and science-based courses; (4) the immediate financial problems faced by universities and other institutions as a consequence of inflation.This article by Sir Derman Christopherson is the second in a series of reviews of developments in different parts of the world. The next issue will include a review of developments in Japan.—Ed.     

发展教育在英国

半个世纪以来，发展教育的理念日益进入英国教育的主流，其组织规模也不断扩大。但理论基础薄弱，概念界定不清，实际操作性差仍是其存在的棘手问题，向操作性强、可塑性强的学习理论的转型，是它的必然选择。     

浅谈水管体制改革中的思想政治工作

随着水管体制改革向纵深发展,水利职工的思想认识也在不断地发生变化和更新,在这种新形势下,如何做好职工的思想政治工作显得尤为重要。本文就思想政治工作在水管体制改革的进程中发挥的独特作用以及如何做好职工的思想政治工作作了具体的介绍。着重阐述了开展思想政治工作要注重方式方法,讲究策略艺术,号准职工的“思想脉搏”,找准职工的“思想病根”,进行有的放矢的“治疗”,使广大职工以饱满的热情、高昂的斗志积极投身于这次水管体制改革中去。     

Approaches to Global Education in the United States, The United Kingdom and Japan

This paper analyses approaches to global education in the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. The paper begins by looking at movements that preceded global education, such as education for international understanding, development education, multicultural education, and peace education. The rise and fall of these earlier movements is analysed in terms of the interplay between the international and domestic politics of particular countries. To identify the world views which underpinned these pedagogic forms, the author discusses various discontinuities between the period up to the 1990s and thereafter. It is suggested that fresh forms of global education are emerging in - and because of - the changed world of the late 20th and early 21st century.     

Introduction to the reports of the work groups

I should like, in a few words, to introduce the philosophy and the general economics of this SEFI Conference and to offer you a few personal reflections on the choice of subjects for the work groups.     

英国开放大学经费结构与财务机制分析

英国高等教育公共事业费的投入主要有两个渠道。高等教育拨款委员会负责分配教学经费和部分研究经费。建校后的前24年,英国开放大学的经费直接来自于英国政府的教育科学部。1992年,英国开放大学进入主流的高等教育拨款体系,和普通大学一起直接参与公共经费的竞争,主要由英格兰高等教育拨款委员会负责向英国开放大学拨款。多年以来,英国开放大学的公共事业费拨款额一直稳居英国大学的首位。英国开放大学的财务结构健康稳定,财务决策、管理、预算、分配、使用、核算、审计、监控方面的制度健全,收支平衡,年有结余,从而保障了学校发展和教育质量的领先地位。     

Approaches to Global Education in the United States, The United Kingdom and Japan

This paper analyses approaches to global education in the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. The paper begins by looking at movements that preceded global education, such as education for international understanding, development education, multicultural education, and peace education. The rise and fall of these earlier movements is analysed in terms of the interplay between the international and domestic politics of particular countries. To identify the world views which underpinned these pedagogic forms, the author discusses various discontinuities between the period up to the 1990s and thereafter. It is suggested that fresh forms of global education are emerging in - and because of - the changed world of the late 20th and early 21st century.     

Recent University-Industry Initiatives in the United Kingdom

A number of new initiatives have been taken recently in the UK to not only bring the universities and industry closer together but to allow genuine collaboration. These range from industry-based research programmes to university groups entering the industrial world for themselves

This paper outlines these various programmes and then describes the experience at Cambridge with a research programme and a teaching programme which linked directly with manufacturing industry.     

Donald Super's Influence in the United Kingdom

The impact of Donald Super's work on the theory and practice of career guidance in the UK is reviewed. He played an important role in the move away from a ``talent-matching' to a developmental model, and in the emergence of the concept of careers education. He also made significant direct contributions to the field during the three years he spent in England towards the end of his own career. The critique to which his work was subjected led to innovative theoretical work which stands in its own right. While in some respects his legacy was more indirect than direct, it is still evident.     

Sources of Educational Information in the United Kingdom

The DES publishes:

a) An annual report, the latest issue being Education and Science in 1974. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO), 1975. vii + 57 pp.     

Sexual abuse of children in the United Kingdom

Questionnaires were circulated to 1,599 family doctors, police surgeons, paediatricians, and child psychiatrists to determine the frequency and nature of child sexual abuse in the United Kingdom. At least three per 1,000 children are currently being recognized as sexually abused sometime during their childhood. The majority of cases reported involved actual or attempted intercourse, and 74% of the perpetrators were known to the child. Family disturbance was noted in 56% of the cases. The most common outcome (43%) was criminal prosecution of the perpetrator. Area Review Committees had no clear policy for the management of sexual abuse. Before it is possible to protect children and to develop therapeutic services for the family, it will be necessary to acknowledge that sexual abuse is part of the child abuse spectrum.     

Education Statistics for the United Kingdom

Introduction: Statistics for the education systems in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are collected and processed separately in accordance with the particular needs of the responsible Departments. Each Education Department—the Department of Education and Science, the Welsh Office Education Department, the Scottish Education Department and the Department of Education Northern Ireland—publishes a selection of statistics concerning education within the separate countries. More detailed statistics on universities can be found in the University Grants Committee's own publications.