基于PSO-BP神经网络的民航发动机VSV故障诊断

现代民航发动机大多使用VSV系统来提高发动机工作稳定性和避免发动机失速或喘振。为了诊断VSV系统故障,提出了一种基于PSO-BP神经网络对VSV位置进行监控的方法,当PSO-BP神经网络模型的预测值与实际值的偏差超过一定值时,则判断VSV系统故障。利用发动机健康状态的QAR数据,基于PSO算法优化的BP神经网络建立了发动机VSV在飞机下降段的调节规律模型,同时建立BP神经网络模型。经过对比分析,通过PSO-BP神经网络建立的VSV调节规律模型的诊断精度,高于传统的BP神经网络模型,可为民航发动机状态监控和故障诊断提供依据,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

航空发动机起动过程数值仿真技术概述

航空发动机安全可靠的快速起动是保证发动机正常工作的前提,通过起动仿真技术,对研究起动过程具有重要的指导意义。针对目前起动仿真技术发展现状,本文分别对经验算法和部件特性模型法展开讨论,分析各种因素对起动性能的影响,并对两种计算方法进行比较分析。     

基于实验数据的航空发动机动态建模

针对基于部件级航空发动机动态建模过程中完整、准确的航空发动机部件特性数据往往难以获取、建模时间长等现象,提出使用实验数据进行辨识建模的方法。为了建立航空发动机的动态模型,通过对某轻型飞机实验台的飞行实验数据进行分析整理,提出使用BP神经网络对发动机重要参数进行建模,同时使用粒子群优化算法(Particle swarm optimization,PSO)对BP神经网络的权值和阈值进行优化,使用改进粒子群优化算法(Improved particle swarm optimization algorithm,IPSO)对传统粒子群优化算法进行改进,仿真结果表明IPSO-BP网络建立的发动机模型精度和稳定性更高。     

基于改进粒子群优化LSSVM的飞机发动机故障诊断

针对以往飞机发动机故障诊断方法由于故障样本少而导致的诊断精度低,提出了一种基于最小二乘支持向量机(least squares support vector machine,LSSVM)的飞机发动机故障诊断方法。首先,给出了基于LSSVM对飞机发动机进行故障诊断的模型;然后,为了提高LSSVM的诊断性能,采用改进的粒子群算法对LSSVM的参数进行训练,并定义了最终基于改进粒子群优化SVM的具体诊断算法;最后,通过飞机发动机故障诊断实例仿真实验证明了文中方法能正确地实现故障分类,具有较高的故障诊断精度,且与其他方法相比,具有较优的适应度和较快的收敛速度。     

发动机综合监控在飞机维修期间的应用

介绍了飞行维修企业在飞机修理过程中,为保证发动机使用安全,如何应用发动机监控方法和管理措施进行发动机监控工作,同时指出了飞机维修企业进行发动机监控工作的目的和产生的效益。     

基于贝叶斯网络的电控发动机故障诊断研究

分析了贝叶斯网络的拓扑结构,给出了发动机怠速不良的故障树图．然后根据故障树到贝叶斯网络的转化算法,建立了贝叶斯网络模型．借助故障模拟试验数据确定了发动机怠速不良时电控汽油喷射系统贝叶斯网络故障诊断中各节点的先验概率值,然后通过贝叶斯网络找出了发动机怠速不良时电控汽油喷射系统各部件的故障发生概率．     

浅谈汽车高速行驶时发动机过热的故障分析

大家都知道,发动机冷却系的作用就是在发动机的工作当中,维持发动机在80℃～90℃的最佳工作温度范围内,以使发动机的工作能力最高,经济系最好,排放污染物最少,使用寿命大大延长等等。一旦不在工作范围内时,就会引起故障。当发动机温度较长时间维持在80℃以下时,机油黏度变大,发动机磨损增加,燃油雾化不良等造成发动机工作效率下降,相反长时间在高温运作时,危害就相当大了,轻者造成发动机机油黏度变小,润滑能力下降,发动机工作粗暴,效率下降。重者造成汽缸磨损,活塞     

二冲程发动机的工作原理

近年来,有些教师和中学生常向笔者提出这样的问题:什么是二冲程摩托车?二冲程发动机的工作原理怎样?摩托车的发动机按原理可分为四冲程和二冲程两类,且后者的社会拥有量最多。中学课本中仅简单介绍了四冲程发动机的工作原理,在大学物理课程中一般也只是比较详细地分析了四冲程发动机的工作循环,而对二冲程发动机的工作原理则很少涉及。本文简单介绍一下二冲程发动机的工作原理,供读者参考。     

基于改进LZW压缩算法的发动机参数采集系统研究

随着车联网技术的不断发展,海量数据传输和存储成为关键问题,普通压缩算法压缩效率难以满足需要。根据LZW算法原理,结合车联网系统中发动机参数数据传输特点,对LZW算法的字典初始化、字典查找方式、字典大小进行改进,并应用于车联网系统。现场测试结果表明,当数据达到一定量后,改进的LZW压缩算法性能趋于稳定,压缩率较普通LZW压缩算法提高了30%,满足了发动机系统数据压缩的应用需求。     

汽油发动机配气机构常见故障诊断与修复

配气机构是控制发动机进气和排气的装置,其性能及工作状态直接影响发动机的混合气浓度、充气效率等重要参数及发动机工作状况等。文章综述了汽油发动机配气机构的主要功用、常见故障的现象及原因分析,并提出了相应的检测方法和修复方法。     

论罗蒂协同性实用主义的反哲学本性

理查德·罗蒂立足后现代主义、解构主义、文化自由主义、相对主义和后哲学文化论,建立的协同性实用主义,批判分析哲学、现象学、传统的认识论、反映论、符合论和真理观,肯定解释学的功能与教化作用,否定客观性、绝对性、永恒性和不变性,反对理性主义、科学主义和实在论,主张解构形而上学,创立无冕哲学,提倡工具主义、约定主义、实用主义、多元主义,以及心灵与社会的协同性作用。     

Reviews

Buckingham, David Moving Images: Understanding Children's Emotional Responses to Television
Aldrich, Richard (ed) In History and in Education: Essays presented to Peter Gordon
Kohli, Wendy (ed) Critical Conversations in Philosophy of Education
Griffiths, Morwenna Feminisms and the Self: the web of identity
Fryer, Marilyn Creative Teaching and Learning
Atkinson, Paul; Davies, Brian and Delamont, Sara (eds) Discourse and Reproduction: Essays in Honour of Basil Bernstein
Slee, Roger Changing Theories and Practices of Discipline
Woods, Peter and Jeffrey, Bob Teachable Moments: The Art of Teaching in Primary Schools
Best, Ron (ed) Education, Spirituality and the Whole Child
Bassey, Michael Creating Education Through Research
Higham, Jeremy; Sharp, Paul and Yeomans, David The Emerging 16–19 Curriculum: Policy and Provision
Bruner, Jerome The Culture of Education
Halsall, Rob and Cockett, Mike (eds) Education and Training: Chaos or Coherence
McBride, Rob (ed) Teacher Education Policy
Wideen, Marvin F. and Grimmett, Peter P. (eds) Changing Times in Teacher Education
Nixon, Jon; Martin, Jane; McKeown, Penny and Ranson, Stewart Encouraging Learning: towards a theory of the learning school
Gewirtz, Sharon; Ball, Stephen, J. and Bowe, Richard Markets, Choice and Equity in Education     

Nanotechnology and Nanoscale Science: Educational challenges

Nanotechnology has been touted as the next ‘industrial revolution’ of our modern age. In order for successful research, development, and social discourses to take place in this field, education research is needed to inform the development of standards, course development, and workforce preparation. In addition, there is a growing need to educate citizens and students about risks, benefits, and social and ethical issues related to nanotechnology. This position paper describes the advancements that have been made in nanoscale science and nanotechnology, and the challenges that exist to educate students and the public about critical nanoscience concepts. This paper reviews the current research on nanotechnology education including curricula, educational programs, informal education, and teacher education. Furthermore, the unique risks, benefits and ethics of these unusual technological applications are described in relation to nanoeducation goals. Finally, we outline needed future research in the areas of nanoscience content, standards and curricula, nanoscience pedagogy, teacher education, and the risks, benefits, and social and ethical dimensions for education in this emerging field.     

哈萨克民族图案纹样解析

哈萨克人的日常生活用品地毯、衣饰、家具、器皿、乐器、马饰等物品上都绘有不同的图案纹样。图案纹样艺术在本质上是一种人的意志和精神的物化。古老的哈萨克民族图案纹样艺术的审美心理结构和纹样形式的形成有赖于历史的生成与积淀,印记、装潢、文字、宗教以及生活方式等成为形成哈萨克图案纹样艺术样式的主要因素。     

Empowering Dialogues in Humanistic Education

Abstract

In this article I propose a conception of empowering educational dialogue within the framework of humanistic education. It is based on the notions of Humanistic Education and Empowerment, and draws on a large and diverse repertoire of dialogues—from the classical Socratic, Confucian and Talmudic dialogues, to the modern ones associated with the works of Nietzsche, Buber, Korczak, Rogers, Gadamer, Habermas, Freire, Noddings and Levinas. These forms of dialogue—differing in their treatment of and emphasis on the cognitive, affective, moral and existentialist elements—have become more dominant in recent educational discourse and practice—an intellectual phenomenon that calls for a more analytic and reflective elaboration of the essential elements that constitute educational dialogues. Hence it is the purpose of this article to elucidate the distinguishing marks of true dialogues, to set them within the normative discourse of humanistic education and empowerment, and to offer a normative and stipulative conception of empowering educational dialogue that can be utilized in the various intellectual and practical spheres of humanistic education—a paradigm,working definition, and outline for contemporary teachers in their quest to develop their students’ sensibilities and sensitivities, and empower their ability to live complete, autonomous, authentic, moral and dignified human lives.     

Remembering Smithells: Past,Present, Future

In this article, I analyze a set of narratives about, and memorials to, Philip Ashton Smithells, the founder of physical education in New Zealand and a pantheon figure within the discipline. Rather than analyzing these narratives and memorials as stories and artifacts that accurately reconstruct Smithells and his ideas and practices, I conceptualize them as choices that create representations or interpretations that are independent of the truth. I also conceptualize the memorials to Smithells, which include a building, painting, photograph, lecture, and scholarship, as triggers for personal and collective memories. But neither narratives nor memorials can guarantee what individuals or communities remember and, in this sense, history, as representations of the past, is always fluid. Notions of choice and representation may unsettle those who regard history as synonymous with facts and truths and who seek the clarity of a definitive past. However, conceptualizing history as representations reminds us that our understanding of physical education, its origins and its founders, will continually shift with new reflections and as fresh ideas emerge, material conditions change, and events unfold.     

Pathways to reading,mathematics, and science: Examining domain-general correlates in young Chinese children

Early competencies in reading, mathematics, and science are associated with later school achievement and adulthood socioeconomic status. This cross-sectional study examined how fundamental domain-general capacities, including language, spatial, and self-regulatory skills, together relate to competencies in reading, mathematics, and science in young Chinese children. A total of 584 Chinese children aged approximately six years were tested individually on their language (receptive vocabulary), spatial (spatial perception, spatial visualization, and mental rotation), and self-regulation (behavioral regulation and working memory) skills, as well as their academic competencies in reading, mathematics, and science. The results showed that vocabulary, spatial, and self-regulatory skills were all associated with Chinese reading, mathematics, and life sciences, whereas only vocabulary was related to earth and physical sciences. The relation between vocabulary and formal mathematics and that between mental rotation and life sciences were found to be stronger in boys than in girls. The findings suggest that foundational domain-general skills may provide the building blocks for children’s academic competencies.     

论关涉人生幸福的教育

幸福是人所追求的生存状态与存在方式,现代意义上的幸福就是一种生活得更好的能力。教育作为一种特殊的生活方式,既要使生活于其中的人感受到幸福,亦要使人获得一种活得更好的能力。因而,幸福是教育的应然追求,关涉人生幸福的教育应超越知识而面对生活与意义,应超越设计而面对境遇与传统,应超越塑造而走向对话式生成,应超越实体而让师生在交往关系中共享幸福,应超越裁定而面向学生的发展。     

文学的当下境遇与未来命运

当下文学的贫血突出表现为它的包装化与炒作化、表演化与矫情化、泛美化与生活化。这在很大程度上反映了当下文学内部存在的历史理性与价值理性的矛盾、科技理性与价值理性的矛盾、世俗生存与精神承担的矛盾。欲拯救当下文学 ,须张扬生命精神 ,保持思的张力 ,怀有一颗童心。     

劳伦斯与非理性主义

以叔本华、尼采、弗洛伊德为代表的非理性主义是劳伦斯小说创作的思想基础。受叔本华影响,劳伦斯把生存意志作为人物行动的基本动力,这主要表现为向性力和精神占有欲。受尼采影响,劳伦斯赞美躯体,重视生命的内在能量和自我超越性,并与基督教决裂,成为西方基督教道德观的激烈批判者。劳伦斯在性与无意识这两个领域,对弗洛伊德精神分析理论有接受,也有超越。弗洛伊德与劳伦斯都把性、无意识与文明对立起来,但弗洛伊德进行的是否定性研究,强调对其疏导和控制,劳伦斯则认为性与无意识是原初的创造性力量,是生活的源泉,是对抗人之社会化和理性化的正面力量。非理性主义丰富和深化了劳伦斯对现代人心理世界的理解,加强了他的小说的社会批判力量。