MRSQ Informatics Education Columns: Passing the Baton

This is the last Informatics Education column under the current editors. The outgoing co-editor identifies several key themes that describe the column during her tenure. The main theme discovered while reviewing the columns published over the last five years is technology. Technological changes and advances have affected the way in which librarians conduct instruction, such as incorporating e-learning with traditional workshops and in-class sessions. Technology plays a key role in all of the themes that emerged. The incoming editors imagine what the future themes will be for the Informatics Education column.     

Copyright: past,present and future

Copyright has developed over the years from an instrument of taxation and censorship to a complex set of rules, primarily to protect the creator, but now having to grapple with cyberspace. This article examines that development, and looks at some of the arguments for and against the existence of copyright. It is argued that copyright is flexible enough to cope with the electronic world. The article examines the lessons learned from the past, and asks whether the Gowers Report helps or hinders. The author also raises the question ‘what is the future of copyright?’, given the intense interest not just of the UK government but also of the European Commission, which is determined to provide a ‘level playing‐field’ across the countries of the EU. Lastly, the author examines the five main pressure points relevant to the future of copyright and asks who the publisher of the future will be.     

Spam: Its past,present, and future

In this article, the author describes the history of spam as one of the negative impacts of the development of information technologies, its volume in e-mail traffic over the last 15 years, the types of spam, its thematic varieties, and the top spam-source countries. Ananalysis is given of the software and legal tools and methods used to fight spam.     

Education for health sciences/biomedical librarianship: past, present, future

This paper offers an analysis of and some predictions for the fields of library education and medical librarianship. The recent past of education for medical/health sciences librarianship is outlined, with emphasis on the changing nature of the library school, its faculty, and its students. The present situation is described, with specific reference to faculty, curriculum, and accreditation issues. A future agenda is proposed, identifying the need for interdisciplinary and cooperative efforts within the larger realms of medical informatics, high technology, a variety of health professions, and the community of contemporary library practice.     

议程设置理论概览:过去,现在与未来

本文对议程设置理论的五个研究领域,即议程设置的基本效果、属性议程设置、议程设置效果的心理学、媒介议程的来源和议程设置效果的后果,自该理论创立以来所取得的主要发现作了简要回顾,并基于此讨论了议程设置理论的几个新研究领域,包括对议程设置理论基本概念与观点的在更多新领域的应用,比如企业声誉、教育、宗教组织等,这些新领域已远不是议程设置理论最初生成的公共事务领域了。作为该理论的创立者之一,作者在文章最后提出了对于议程设置研究的几点个人观察。     

学术论文同行评审:过去·现状·未来

研究同行评审制度有助于审视学术交流与出版过程,以检验对学术成果的审查和管理工作的合理性,包括评审结果的正确性和评审方法的公平性,并进而为同行评审制度的发展和完善提供参考依据.文章简要介绍同行评审的发展历程,阐述并探讨学术论文同行评审的作用以及存在和面临的问题,并分析同行评审的发展趋势.     

The health care payment environment: past, present and future

Between 1965 and 1982, hospital costs per admission rose by some 690%. Factors that contributed to this inflationary trend and that caused payers to take drastic action are analyzed. The actions taken in the past and current proposals to control the rate of increase are reviewed. It is predicted that payment systems for other providers such as physicians and nursing homes will change in similar ways.     

MEDLINE in the UK: pioneering the past, present and future

This article provides a brief history of the development of the MEDLINE database and its huge impact within the UK, from its inception to the present time. The origins of MEDLINE can be traced back to a collection of books in the US Surgeon General's Office during the American Civil War and John Shaw Billings' decision, during 1867, to make this Library as complete as possible. From these beginnings, Index Medicus was developed in the early years of the 20th century, and electronic versions of the database began with the computerized on-demand search service MEDLARS in 1964 and then via CD-ROM and Internet Grateful Med to the web-based and free-to-all service, PubMed, in 1997. The response to PubMed was immediate and startling with usage increasing from 7 million searches per annum in 1996 to 400 million searches per annum in 2001 and the service continues to improve. MEDLINE providers are now offering mapping of natural language queries to the sophisticated indexing vocabulary (Medical Subject Headings, MeSH) and the provision of specific filters for different types of publication to improve searching efficiency, as well as links to full-text versions of the papers where available. The next steps are likely to involve an increased blurring of database and full-text boundaries, incorporating seamless access to the best available evidence within MEDLINE and a wide range of other information resources within a single search and to an increasing amount of full-text via various open-archive initiatives. As ever, the US National Library of Medicine is in the vanguard of research and further applications of its MEDLINE database for users within the UK will be awaited with great interest.     

The Japan Medical Library Association—past,present and future

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The past,present and future of scientific and technical journals of China

The early days of the People's Republic of China saw the development of science and technology at home with an accompanying development of scientific and technical journals. A succession of natural disasters then weakened the economy and many journals had to cease publication. The disruption of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution followed and only twenty journals survived. Since the opening up of the economy the Chinese government has supported scientific and technical journals and these have developed rapidly. There are now a large number of journals but many of them are still of low quality and little impact, and too few are in English. The number in English will now increase considerably, as will their international influence.     

Federal field archives: Past,present, and future

Each year thousands of researchers, including government officials, lawyers, journalists, genealogists, and historians, among others, visit one of the eleven National Archives Field Branches to conduct their research. Many thousands more, desiring to use Federal Archival resources, are unaware of these archival depositories and their varied resources. Unfortunately, most Americans, when they think about their nation's archives, envision the main National Archives building located in Washington, D.C. on Pennsylvania Avenue, halfway between the Capitol and the White House. Yet, since the late 1960s, the National Archives has, in its regional branches, stored and serviced many of the nation's archives and other research material. This article explains why these regional archives branches were established, what research resources they hold and make available, and their value to researchers.     

Past,present, and future: Trajectories in Kittler studies

Following his death in 2011, there has been a spate of publications on the work of Friedrich Kittler. This review essay discusses The Truth of the Technological World (2013), Kittler Now: Current Perspectives in Kittler Studies (2015), and Media After Kittler (2015). These three recently published collections feature essays that cover the history of Kittler’s writing, and trace out the debates about the significance of technical operation to the effects of media. Most importantly, the exegetical essays in these volumes signal a shift from earlier efforts to introduce Kittler’s writings towards a more robust conceptualization of how his work might benefit English-language theorizations of the contemporary media situation.