电视公益广告文本召唤的想象空间

电视公益广告作为一种特殊的多媒体文本,通过视听元素构建形成一个多层面的开放的图式结构。从视听元素层到意象层,再到意蕴层,由表及里,由浅入深,这3个结构层次中视听元素融合形成的＂不确定点＂和＂空白处＂,激发受众想象空间。受众根据自身的＂先在结构＂,＂补白＂构成理想＂世界＂,接受并自觉倡导传承电视公益广告所传播的真善美。电视公益广告文本召唤的想象空间以其视听艺术方式改变受众的所思所行,艺术化地引导受众的社会实践,其艺术美学范式成为了一种媒介经典。     

大众电影的娱乐性

所谓电影的娱乐性指的就是电影能让观众轻松、愉悦而获得身心健康休息的属性.娱乐性是电影赢得观众的必要手段,娱乐大众是它最基本的定位;但电影的娱乐性并不等于媚俗性;电影娱乐性常用的方法有:展现异国、异族奇特的风景、风情、风俗;感人的故事或扣人心弦的情节;镜语的奇观效应;能为观众接受的新奇形式等.     

How are UK Academics Engaging the Public with their Research? A Cross‐Disciplinary Perspective

This paper takes a cross‐disciplinary perspective in examining the views and practices of public engagement with research by UK academics. Using a mixed method approach consisting of a survey questionnaire and interviews, the paper identifies the range of audience groups that can potentially be engaged with by academics, and shows that some audiences are more relevant to particular disciplinary groups than others. The paper also identifies the various public engagement activities undertaken by academics and finds that some academics are using creative ways of engaging the public, such as using the services of public relations firms to help in disseminating their research in traditional media outlets, and also by using social media. Essentially, the study reveals that some academics feel the pressure of engaging particular audiences at the expense of those that are relevant to them and that, academics in the main, are opposed to the notion of mandating public engagement as part of appraisal systems.     

从游憩空间角度看博物馆的休闲娱乐功能

作为公共游憩空间,博物馆不仅为观众提供了一种以人为本的环境氛围,而且在硬件设施以及空间布局方面充分体现出了对游客利益的尊重,让观众充分地享受到了休闲的快乐。     

The effects of audience pleasantness,audience familiarity,and speaking contexts on public speaking anxiety and willingness to speak

Two potential sources of anxiety about public speaking cited in previous research are audience pleasantness and audience familiarity. More familiar audiences, as well as more pleasant ones, usually evoke less anxiety, but research has shown some exceptions to this general rule. In addition, it is expected that as audiences become more pleasant and familiar, individuals would be more willing to speak. Ninety‐five university students each evaluated six situations, in which three levels of audience familiarity (strangers, acquaintances, and friends) were crossed with two levels of audience pleasantness (pleasant and unpleasant). Each student made their ratings with reference to one of three speaking contexts (academic, social, or professional). Using split‐plot ANOVA, a significant three way interaction was obtained for both willingness to speak and public speaking anxiety. In general, pleasantness exerted a stronger effect than familiarity. An audience composed of pleasant friends was the most preferred audience type in both the academic and social contexts. It is argued that previous research demonstrating conflicting effects of audience familiarity may have been generating different expectations for the anticipated pleasantness of the audience.     

商业电影怎样使观众“移情入梦”

观众是有思想有心理活动的观影者,商业电影想要吸引观众的注意力,使观众达到忘我的观影状态,就必须利用观众的观影心理,即观众的直观感知、无意识注意以及潜意识。商业电影正是抓住观众本身具有的不可忽视的生活经验、生理、情绪等,并利用这些因素,使用一些手段达到吸引观众的目的,并且使之产生愉悦舒适的效果。     

Going Public: Teaching Students to Speak Out in Public Contexts

Many students find speaking in large group, whole class or ‘public’ contexts intimidating. Over the last 30 years, a model of collaborative talk in small groups has been favoured within English teaching in British education but, with the new generation of GCSE syllabuses, students are required to speak effectively to larger audiences. This article explores what constitutes an effective ‘public’ speaker at GCSE level, and suggests various teaching strategies as starting points.     

教育者的话语权、直言、场域及三者之间的关系

教育总是有缺憾的,教育问题更是复杂的,拥有话语权的教育者应深怀关心教育事业、关心我们的孩子为直言的实践目的所在,以个体的伦理自觉为关键,宽容场域的不完美与被匿名公众可能的污名化,利用信息时代便捷的公众平台充满智慧地、理性地言说自己的教育构想,真诚地接受受众和实践的检视,并勇敢地承担自己“理念”为社会所带来的一切后果。     

谈节目主持人栏目的固定性与受众的相对稳定性

节目主持人以真实自我面对受众,其真实的声音、形象、个性特征对主持人节目的成功起着重要作用。主持人个性化的主持风格为受众所认同就意味着该主持人及其栏目有了一定的受众,其主持人的固定性关系到栏目的发展和受众群的相对稳定性。     

The conversational frame in public address

Conversationalism has been hailed as the hallmark of modern eloquence, yet its political and ethical implications have received little attention. This essay explores the diverse forms and motives of the conversational frame in public address. By framing their remarks and transactions with their listeners as conversational, orators may attempt to reconstruct or seem to reconstruct speaker‐audience relationships and to position themselves and their audiences within networks of reciprocal rights and obligations.     

Public Demonstrations of Chemistry in Eighteenth Century France

The purpose of the paper is twofold: (1) To contrast the longstanding tradition of private and public courses of chemistry with the public demonstrations of physics. Whether taught in public institutions such as the Jardin du Roi or by apothecaries in their officines chemistry demonstrations were not for the entertainment of their audiences. Rather, they were intended to train people in pharmacy and natural philosophy. (2) By the end of the eighteenth-century, however, pneumatic chemistry prompted a new style of presentation and experimentation more similar to experimental physics, as shown by the famous experiment of water decomposition and recomposition performed by Lavoisier in 1785.     

Rhetorical counteraction in Kenneth Burke's A Rhetoric of Motives and The War of Words

However esoteric Kenneth Burke's A Rhetoric of Motives seems at first glance, it remains highly relevant to our contemporary moment. As a philosophy of rhetoric that centers on the nature of human conflict, it helps audiences interpret the vicissitudes of political warfare with greater precision and insight. The value of A Rhetoric of Motives becomes even more apparent in light of its recently discovered second volume, The War of Words. Together, these two volumes offer a novel method of rhetorical counteraction that helps specialist and non-specialist audiences redress the threat of nationalistic war. Burke's approach to rhetorical counteraction is distinguished by the study of rhetorical devices across history. By approaching these devices systematically, Burke believed he could help his audience reframe their attitude toward evolving political events. The purpose of this article is to present a thorough account of Burke's method so that it can enrich how we teach and engage in public deliberation today.     

Charting the past to understand the cultural inheritance of concert hall listening and audience development practices

Although often thought of as a contemporary practice, audience development and pedagogies for listener education can be traced throughout the history of the public concert where their origins were forged. This paper unpacks how western listening and audience practices have developed over time, the changes in listening and behaviour norms, the emergence of early practitioners who developed ideas and pedagogies for listener education within the concert hall in Europe, and exposes the current paucity of research on the educational dimension of audience development and pedagogies of listening in the contemporary orchestral concert hall. It is argued that by understanding the past we can better understand the current concert hall and the ways we ourselves actively participate and create our own histories in the ongoing evolution of classical music performance. The paper concludes that this cultural inheritance has implications for arts organisations, educators, audiences, and listeners alike.     

“Everything inside me was silenced”: (Re)defining rape through visceral counterpublicity

This essay advances a theory of visceral counterpublicity through two case studies of recent high-profile rape crimes in the United States – the cases of Emily Doe and Emma Sulkowicz. Both cases garnered considerable public attention, yet neither perpetrator was convicted of rape. This essay analyzes how Doe and Sulkowicz performed public responses to these outcomes, using their bodies to argue what happened to them was indeed rape. These embodied forms constitute what I call visceral counterpublicity: modes of public engagement that (1) proceed when discursive frameworks understood through liberal subjectivity fall short; (2) expose the body's threatened boundaries to incite an affective response, or bodily intensity, in audiences; and (3) illuminate a subjugated position within the public sphere. Together, these cases call into question how mainstream publics define and discuss rape and suggest a potential shift in public opinion over rape to include visceral frameworks. This theory provides utility for rhetorical theorists and critics attempting to make sense of a range of embodied protests by drawing attention to how legal structures appear in and create larger public discourse about the body and violence.     

Correlation between MCAT Biology Content Specifications and Topic Scope and Sequence of General Education College Biology Textbooks

Most American colleges and universities offer gateway biology courses to meet the needs of three undergraduate audiences: biology and related science majors, many of whom will become biomedical researchers; premedical students meeting medical school requirements and preparing for the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT); and students completing general education (GE) graduation requirements. Biology textbooks for these three audiences present a topic scope and sequence that correlates with the topic scope and importance ratings of the biology content specifications for the MCAT regardless of the intended audience. Texts for “nonmajors,” GE courses appear derived directly from their publisher''s majors text. Topic scope and sequence of GE texts reflect those of “their” majors text and, indirectly, the MCAT. MCAT term density of GE texts equals or exceeds that of their corresponding majors text. Most American universities require a GE curriculum to promote a core level of academic understanding among their graduates. This includes civic scientific literacy, recognized as an essential competence for the development of public policies in an increasingly scientific and technological world. Deriving GE biology and related science texts from majors texts designed to meet very different learning objectives may defeat the scientific literacy goals of most schools’ GE curricula.     

Film reviews and the public's perceptions of stereotypes: Movie critics' discourse about the siege

This paper investigates the public discourse surrounding the representation of cultural and ethnic groups in U.S. entertainment media by examining movie reviews of a specific film. It examines the types of arguments and support that popular film critics used in their evaluations of the 1998 action film The Siege. The film was publicly criticized by activist groups before its release and reviewers found it necessary to address the issue of whether the film contained stereotypes or could contribute to prejudicial understandings in their evaluations of the film. Three types of arguments that consistently appeared in the reviews’ evaluations of the film are described and explored: the film's relationship to real‐world events, the intentions of the film's creators, and the constraints of the genre. Implications of the consistent use of these criteria for audiences’ decisions to see the film, their evaluations of the film, and their understanding of the role of the media in maintaining or challenging racism and ethnocentrism are discussed.     

Devices Without Borders: What an Eighteenth-Century Display of Steam Engines can Teach Us about ‘Public’ and ‘Popular’ Science

This essay details a public display of four steam engine models assembled in a Leiden orphanage courtyard in 1777. By examining the multiple purposes to which these engines were and could be put, alongside the various interests, goals and interpretations of their inventors, instructors and audience, the notion of a clear division between public and private as well as scientific research and popularization is questioned. In its place, the essay ends with a generalized image of modern science, its practitioners, users and audiences seen as a complex terrain in which relations and divisions are constantly asserted, contested and renegotiated.     

英国高等教育质量保障局学科基准的受众设定及启示

《学科基准声明》是英国高等教育质量保障局制定的《学术基本规范》之一,被作为学科教学评价过程中非常重要的参照标准。学科基准的受众涵盖了课程的设计和审批人员;有关课程评估、调整和监控的外部检查人员;学生和其他关心高等教育的社会人士。其广泛的受众范围体现了学科基准集多元性、公开性、指导性和参考性于一身的特点。     

Keeping your audience in mind: applying audience analysis to the design of interactive score reports

Score reports have one or more intended audiences: the people who use the reports to make decisions about test takers, including teachers, administrators, parents and test takers. Attention to audience when designing a score report supports assessment validity by increasing the likelihood that score users will interpret and use assessment results appropriately. Although most design guidelines focus on making score reports understandable to people who are not testing professionals, audiences should be defined by more than just their lack of statistical knowledge. This paper introduces an approach to identifying important audience characteristics for designing computer-based, interactive score reports. Through three examples, we demonstrate how an audience analysis suggests a design pattern, which guides the overall design of a report, as well as design details, such as data representations and scaffolding. We conclude with a research agenda for furthering the use of audience analysis in the design of interactive score reports.     

叙事的式微 景观的狂欢——张艺谋电影的文化解读

张艺谋电影历来备受争议，特别是《英雄》、《十面埋伏》放映后，一边是评论界、媒体的口诛笔伐，一边是观众涌入影院，票房收入高扬。究其原因是由于视觉文化语境中文化精英的失语——影评人面对“叙事电影”到“景观电影”的变迁，无法解读“电视人”“跟着感觉走”的视觉消费。从而导致一边是大众的视觉狂欢，一边是文化精英对电影的叙事解读的固守所引发的社会失序。