用改进的序批式生物膜反应器技术处理废水

This paper describes the removel of COD and nitrogen from wastewater with modified sequencing batch biofilm reactor,The strategy of simultaneous feeding and draining was explored.The results show that introduction of a new batch of wastewater and withdrawal of the purifeid water can be conducted simultaneously with the maximum volumetric exchange rate of about 70%,Application of this feeding and draining mode leads to the reduction of the cycle time,the increase of the utilization of the reactor volume and the simplification of the reactor structure.The treatment of a synthetic wastewater containing COD and nitrogen was investigated.The operation mode of F(D)-O(i.e.,simultaneous feeding and draining followed by the aerobic condition)was adopted.It was found that COD was degraded very fast in the initial reaction period of time,then reduced slowly and the ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations decreased and increased with time respectively,while the nitrite nitrogen level increased first and then reduced.The relationship between the COD or ammonia nitrogen loading and its removal rate was examined,and the removal of COD,ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen could exceed 95%,90%and 80% respectively,The fact that nitrogen could e removed more completely under constant aeration(aerobic condition)of the SBBR operation mode is very interesting and could be explained in several respects.     

混凝法处理制革废水的实验研究

混凝法处理制革废水成本低,适合间歇性处理,为此倍受小型制革厂家的青睐。因此对混凝沉淀法处理制革废水工艺条件的研究,尤其是对不同种絮凝剂最佳工艺条件及处理效果的研究比较有着十分重要的现实意义。     

改进电Fenton法处理印染废水

建立了一个用电Fenton法处理污水的装置,寻找到了最佳处理条件.对于高色度、高COD的印染废水,用电Fenton法COD去除率可达50%-70%,脱色率可达98%.使用微量添加剂后,COD去除率可达91%,色度进一步下降;COD降至60mg/L以下,完全达到工业废水排放标准.使用硫酸锰和硝酸锌微量添加剂可显著提高电Fenton法的COD去除率.这两种微量添加剂,以前尚未见过报导.     

Treating dye wastewater by TiO2 coated on coal cinder

We investigated the photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater by using titanium dioxide （TiO2） coated on a coal cinder. The coal cinder was used as the carrier, with a thin film of TiO2 coated on it by using the sol-gel method. Using the Congo red as the model pollutant for dye wastewater, we studied the decolorization efficiency, and effects of TiO2 film thickness and roasting temperature on the efficiency. We also evaluated the recycling and regeneration of the immobilized TiO2 （TiO2/cinder）. Results show that the decolorization rate of Congo red solution was more than 98% after 2.h treatment when we used TiO2/cinder calcined at 500 ℃ for 2 h and coated four times as the photocatalyst. At the same time, the TiO2/cinder remained high catalytic activity after being reused and regenerated for many times.     

Electricity generation and brewery wastewater treatment from sequential anode-cathode microbial fuel cell

A sequential anode-cathode double-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC), in which the effluent of anode chamber was used as a continuous feed for an aerated cathode chamber, was constructed in this experiment to investigate the performance of brewery wastewater treatment in conjugation with electricity generation. Carbon fiber was used as anode and plain carbon felt with biofilm as cathode. When hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 14.7 h, a relatively high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 91.7%–95.7% was achieved under long-term stable operation. The MFC displayed an open circuit voltage of 0.434 V and a maximum power density of 830 mW/m3 at an external resistance of 300 ?. To estimate the electrochemical performance of the MFC, electrochemical measurements were carried out and showed that polarization resistance of anode was the major limiting factor in the MFC. Since a high COD removal efficiency was achieved, we conclude that the sequential anode-cathode MFC constructed with bio-cathode in this experiment could provide a new approach for brewery wastewater treatment.     

Experimental study on micro-electrolysis technology for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment

Experiments were conducted to study the role of micro-electrolysis in removing chromaticity and COD and improving the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater. The results showed that the use of micro-electrolysis technology could remove more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD and greatly improved the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater. Lower initial pH could be advantageous to the removal of chromaticity. A retention time of 30 minutes was recommended for the process design of microelectrolysis.     

硫酸铵-碘化钾-孔雀石绿体系浮选分离镉(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了硫酸铵-碘化钾-孔雀石绿体系浮选分离镉(Ⅱ)的行为,探讨了Cd(Ⅱ)与常见离子分离的条件。结果表明,控制水相的pH=3.0,能使Cd(Ⅱ)与Mn(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅲ)很好地分离。     

微波萃取八角茴香油的研究

研究了利用微波萃取八角茴香油的方法,探讨了微波功率、微波辐射时间、萃取次数对提取率的影响,结果表明:微波萃取法比常规的索氏提取的提取率高,且提取的时间只有常规法的1/80,在功率650W、辐射时间200s、溶剂用量80ml,可得到较好的提取率。     

Applications of artificial intelligence technology to wastewater treatment fields in China

1 Introduction a Water pollution is quite severe in China. According to the statistical data of The Environmental Protection Ministry of China in 2003, the whole wastewater discharge came to 4.46 × 1014t all over the country. 46.2% in that were industrial wastewater and 53.8% were sewage. In 407 environmental monitoring sections of the seven main rivers of China in 2003, only 38.1% of the tested sections accorded with the the national water quality standard of Grade III, and 29.7% of the …     

一体式GAC-DMBR对模拟生活污水的处理效率研究

研制了一种用于生活污水处理的一体式颗粒活性炭-动态膜生物反应器(GAC-DMBR)工艺,考察了GAC-DMBR和DMBR工艺对模拟生活污水进行处理的出水COD、氨氮、硝氮、总氮的浓度。结果表明,DM-BR对COD和总氮的去除率分别为85%以上和50%,而GAC-DMBR对氨氮的去除率为76.7%,优于普通DMBR,出水水质达到城市污水再生利用的标准——城市杂用水水质标准(GB/T18920-2002),可回用于冲厕、车辆冲洗等。建立一体式GAC-DMBR处理污水工艺,为学生掌握污水处理技术提供了坚实的实验基础,并对环境保护具有重要的意义。     

混凝法处理含油废水的研究

以混凝法对实验室的含油废水的进行处理。处理过程中采用两种无机混凝剂与一种有机高分子混凝剂混用,达到絮凝除油,消除有机物质。以混凝剂的加入量,pH对混凝剂的影响为主要影响因素,研究不同混凝剂对此含油废水的处理效果。     

双氰胺-甲醛脱色剂在染料废水中的应用

以双氰胺、甲醛为主要原料合成了阳离子高效有机絮凝剂双氰胺一甲醛脱色剂,并与聚合氯化铝（PAC）以及聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）配合使用,处理模拟染料废水．通过考察脱色剂用量、絮凝剂的投加顺序、PAC用量以及pH值这几个方面对脱色率的影响,并通过正交试验寻求最佳试验条件．研究结果表明,影响脱色效果的主次因素依次为：脱色剂用量、pH值、聚合氯化铝用量．脱色剂用量为1．5—2．0mL／L,染料废水的pH值为7．5—9．5,PAC用量为50—90mg／L时,模拟染料废水的脱色率均可达92％以上,COD的去除率因染料种类的不同而存在一定的差异。不过也都在84％以上．     

电絮凝技术在废水处理中的应用

介绍了电絮凝法处理废水的作用机理,并阐述了近年来电絮凝技术在各种废水处理方面的应用以及应用的局限性.针对能耗及电极极化钝化问题,通过改进电源技术、应用新型电极材料与结构、改进电解槽构型,以进一步提高处理效率,降低能耗是这项技术的发展方向.     

微生物絮凝剂对乳品及啤酒废水的絮凝研究

用菌EH-5所产絮凝剂处理乳品废水及啤酒废水,通过3因素3水平正交试验发现,由EH-5产生的絮凝剂对乳品废水和啤酒废水都有良好的处理效果。乳品废水和啤酒废水COD去除率分别为74.79%和64.15%,色度去除率分别为75.00%和69.57%,浊度去除率分别为93.78%和95.51%。     

钢渣处理含铬废水的研究

用钢渣处理含铬废水,对处理各工艺参数进行了试验,结果表明,在废水pH值2.5～12,cr3+0～350mg/L,按铬/钢渣重量比为1/35投加钢渣进行处理,铬去除率为99%,处理效果可以达到排放标准.     

石墨烯复合物在含Hg废水处理中的应用研究

采用化学还原的方法制备石墨烯氧化物,并将其负载在聚吡咯上,通过XRD、SEM、TEM、Raman、TGA等手段表征其结构。将其应用于系列金属离子水溶液的吸附试验,发现其对Hg2+具有很好的吸附选择性和吸附量,并且该石墨烯氧化物材料在经过酸处理后还能循环利用,这为含Hg2+废水的处理提供了一种潜在的方法。     

Petrochemical wastewater treatment with a pilot-scale bioaugmented biological treatment system

In solving the deterioration of biological treatment system treating petrochemical wastewater under low temperatures, bioaugmentation technology was adopted by delivering engineering bacteria into a pilot-scale two-stage anoxic-oxic (A/O) process based on previous lab-scale study. Experimental results showed that when the concentrations of COD and NH4 -N of the influent were 370~910 mg/L and 10~70 mg/L, the corresponding average concentrations of those of effluent were about 80 mg/L and 8 mg/L respectively, which was better than the Level I criteria of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996). According to GC-MS analysis of the effluents from both the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the pilot system, there were 68 kinds of persistent organic pollutants in the WWTP effluent, while there were only 32 in that of the pilot system. In addition, the amount of the organics in the effluent of the pilot system reduced by almost 50% compared to that of the WWTP. As a whole, after bioaugmentation, the organic removal efficiency of the wastewater treatment system obviously in- creased.     

茶叶提取物与甲醛的反应检测

甲醛是室内装修材料中重要的污染源．为了有效控制甲醛的释放,对茶叶有效成分进行提取,所得提取物配成除醛剂,可以用于去除甲醛．选择加液量、反应温度和反应时间为提取因素,采用正交实验方法得到最佳提取工艺,所得产品对甲醛去除率可以达到61．77％．为了能够充分提取茶叶有效成分,还对茶叶进行多次提取,发现多次提取物除醛效果明显下降．3次后提取物几乎不再有除醛效果．     

IC-A/O工艺处理维生素制药废水的启动试验研究

采用"内循环厌氧反应器-缺氧/好氧工艺"处理维生素生产废水.试验结果表明:系统处理效率高,维护管理方便,处理后的水水质稳定,COD=108 mg·L-1,BOD5=23 mg·L-1,ρ(SS)=42 mg·L-1,ρ(NH3-N)=12 mg·L-1,pH=7.1,达到《发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB21903-2008)要求。     

废水和底泥中烷基汞的气相色谱法测定

采用气相色谱-带电子捕获检测器测定废水中的甲基汞和乙基汞．前处理方法采用酸性条件下用苯草取、中性条件下用L-巯基丙氨酸-醋酸钠溶液分离-富集烷基汞，再在酸性条件下用苯反革取提取烷基汞。用气相色谱测定．水样加标甲基汞回收率为93％～97％。RSD为2．18％～2．57％；乙基汞回收率为95％～97％，RSD为1．97％～2．03％．