Child protection assessment in humanitarian emergencies: case studies from Georgia, Gaza, Haiti and Yemen

Objectives

The paper reviews the experiences of conducting child protection assessments across four humanitarian emergencies where violence and insecurity, directly or indirectly, posed a major threat to children. We seek to identify common themes emerging from these experiences and propose ways to guide the planning and implementation of assessments that effectively identify, and suggest means of response to, threats to children's rights and well-being in emergency settings.

Methods

In the context of a field evaluation of an inter-agency resource kit, crisis settings where an inter-agency assessment of child protection had been considered in the period August 2008 to July 2010 were identified. Email correspondence, telephone-based structured interviews and documentary review collated information from child protection coordinating agencies from a total of twenty sites, the minority of which had proceeded to complete an assessment. This paper presents case studies of the experience in Georgia (following the conflict between Russian and Georgian forces in August 2008), Gaza (following the Israeli military incursion beginning in December 2008), Haiti (following the earthquake of January 2010), and Yemen (following the ceasefire agreement between the government and rebel forces in early 2010).

Case study findings

In each setting the context of the humanitarian emergency is outlined. The processes of the planning (and, where appropriate, implementation) of the child protection assessment is described. Where available, the findings of the child protection assessment and their use in shaping interventions are summarized.

Practice implications

Case studies document experience across humanitarian settings widely divergent in terms of the nature of the emergency, social–political context, and institutional capacity. Despite such differences, analysis suggests securing inter-agency coordination, preparation and capacity building, and means of ensuring timeliness of findings to be recurrent themes in the effective mobilization of an effective assessment able to inform programming.     

全球化进程中马太效应的成因及对策

随着全球化进程的加快,世界两极分化的态势也在加强,发达国家与发展中国这经济上的贫富差距和政治上的强弱对比愈加明显,形成马太效应,贫弱国家在全球化进程中越来越被边缘化了,然而,全球化趋势不可逆转,发展中国家只参顺应时代潮流,审时度势,确定适当的发展战略。迎头赶上,才能摆脱被进一步边缘化的噩运。     

由情节迁徙谈暴力电影发生社会影响的一种方式--以贾樟柯作品的两组镜头为例

在众多类型电影中,暴力电影的影响是最为人所关注的一种,因为它关涉许多复杂而微妙的社会以及社会心理问题。本文以两部经典暴力电影中的声音与场景在贾樟柯电影作品中的迁徙、复现与变形为主要论题,由继发的电影文本分析先在的暴力文本如何被认同,以及何种暴力元素与形象被认同,进而推究出暴力电影发生社会影响的一种可能情况,即暴力电影中的形象所带有的一种力量,可以转化成一种特殊社会环境中的权威幻想,作为艺术,电影对先在文本的致敬与复制,其中隐含的批评意味非常耐人寻味。     

试论家庭暴力的侵权责任

家庭暴力是指行为人以殴打、捆绑、残害、强行限制人身自由或者其他手段,给其家庭成员的身体、精神等方面造成一定伤害后果的行为。但这一概念准确性尚存疑义。家庭暴力的表现形式包括身体暴力、精神暴力和性暴力。目前对于家庭暴力的救济还主要是限于行政责任和刑事责任,这种救济模式存在一定的缺陷,必须完善家庭暴力的相关立法。     

大海的诗意——意象在《多佛海滩》创作中的运用

在马修·阿诺德（1822-1888）写的这篇《多佛海滩》中,作者利用对海巧妙的比喻以及感情上的投射描写出当时英国社会的混乱和人们渐渐缺失的真诚信仰。通过大海不同场景意象的使用,结合象征手法深刻揭示特定时代英国社会人们的精神濒临崩溃现象,将现在和过去进行比较,指出人们又回到从前那个没有信仰的年代,彼此没有真爱,只有恐惧,争斗,内心极其矛盾的一面。在诗的末尾,即使世间已经如此冷漠无情,作者仍然向往能和爱人坚定信心、真心相爱,在这个混浊的世界里坚守一丝和平的信念。     

马修·阿诺德文化与教育理论述评

马修.阿诺德是英国中等阶级利益的代言人,古典人文主义教育思想家。他倡导以追求完美为目的的文化理论并以此作为其教育理论的基础。他的关于社会下层民众的初等教育和中等阶级的中学教育的思想对后世教育产生了深远影响。     

试论家庭暴力若干问题

家庭暴力是一个全球性的问题。在我国,家庭暴力现象也在持续上升,持续升温的家庭暴力,极大地危害妇女、老人、儿童的身心健康,家庭稳定及社会治安。保障妇女、老人和儿童的合法权益是全社会的共同责任。     

在中学体育教学中运用“马太效应”的实验研究

在高中体育与健康课程教学中,由于教师的教学方法等方面的组织不当会出现“马太效应”消极影响。本文采用实验法、调查法、访问法、文献法对新乡市第一中学高一女生班学生进行为期一年的实验研究,并提出了相应的建议。     

Restavèk children in context: Wellbeing compared to other Haitian children

In Haiti, large numbers of vulnerable children and the country's particular historical context has led to a unique phenomenon known as the “restavèk” system. An estimated 300,000 Haitian children are restavèks, living as unpaid domestic servants. Child-welfare advocates describe the restavèk system as modern slavery, but researchers and advocates lack information about restavèk children's circumstances, particularly vis-à-vis other children in Haiti. In a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample, we evaluated differences in well-being (school attendance, work responsibilities, physical abuse, and hunger) between restavèk children and: (a) all non-restavèk children; and (b) the poorest quintile of non-restavèk children. As compared to all Haitian children and the poorest Haitian children, restavèk children have statistically significantly lower school attendance rates and more labor responsibilities. However, restavèk children experience statistically significantly less physical abuse and less hunger than non-restavèk Haitian children. The restavèk system remains active in Haiti because poor families lack basic resources to support their children, and restavèk children are at risk for mistreatment due to their vulnerable social status. The surprising finding that restavèk children are better off in some respects than their non-restavèk peers highlights the desperate poverty in Haiti and suggests that structural changes for poverty reduction will be required before the restavèk system will end.     

马修·阿诺德中产阶级教育思想述评

马修·阿诺德是19世纪英国国民教育运动中一个很重要的人物。在他担任英国教育督学长达35年的漫长生涯中,积极投身于英国的教育改革实践,极力强调国家在教育发展中的地位和作用,作为中产阶级的代言人,马修·阿诺德对中产阶级教育目的、中产阶级教育的课程设置等问题进行了深入探讨并批判性地提出了自己的教育观点。马修·阿诺德关于中产阶级的教育思想在一定程度上促进了英国教育中等教育的改革和发展。     

强烈的生命体验与心灵感触——浅论蒋三立诗歌的艺术特质

蒋三立是一位潇湘诗人,在中国诗坛上也是一位出类拔萃的作家。二十余年来,他相继在《诗刊》《人民文学》《人民日报》等刊物上推出数百首高水准的诗歌作品,并连续十余年入选＂中国年度最佳诗歌＂选本。蒋三立的诗歌充满对自然的敬畏和心灵的坚守,充满对生命意义的深刻体验,有一种浓厚的忧患意识。在艺术上有独特的追求,通过新奇的语言,传情达韵,可称为情、志、美的统一体。     

马修·阿诺德对其父亲思想的继承和发展

从古典文学、民族主义、宗教文化、社会问题等方面分析英国维多利亚时期著名的评论家兼诗人马修.阿诺德对其父亲思想进行的继承和发展,从中可看出阿诺德父子在思想上有明显的传承性。     

马修·阿诺德——英国国教的卫士

英国维多利亚时期宗教纷争,马修·阿诺德是国教的忠实拥护者,坚持国教统一,即重新定义国教,使其成为国家性道德机构,其实质是神学形式一元化但神学思想多元化。