政产学研协同创新——区域创新发展的新范式

通过比较产学研合作与协同创新两种范式的不同点,分析大科学时代传统产学研合作面临的发展困境,从战略、机制和环境三个方面构建区域性政产学研协同创新体系的结构模型,旨在为区域创新发展提供参考。     

政产学研协同创新研究

针对产学研合作在现代经济社会的发展中至关重要,因此要加大对产学研理论和实践的深入研究。为落实好中央创新驱动、转型发展战略的需要和湖北省委、省政府建成支点,发挥科技支撑引领作用推进黄冈市"双强双兴"建设的需要,提出政产学研协同合作,创新的重要意义。为黄冈政产学研的协同提供理论依据。     

论政府在“政产学研金介”战略联盟中的角色定位与功效发挥

事实证明,产学研合作发展到今天已不仅仅是产学研三方的简单结合,而需要政府、金融机构、科技中介机构的介入,形成新型战略联盟来促进合作的进一步深入。论文构建以企业、高校、科研机构为主体层,金融机构和科技中介结构为支撑层,政府为组织层的政产学研金介战略联盟基本架构。分析政府在政产学研金介战略合作不同阶段所应扮演的不同角色。提出政府应进一步发挥功效,形成资金、政策法律、中介机构、利益风险等多方位的保障体系的具体措施。     

工程项目管理领域政产学研协同创新平台的构建

将政产学研合作理论应用于工程项目管理领域,结合工程项目管理领域的特点,借鉴虚拟组织的思想,提出了工程项目管理领域政产学研协同创新平台构建框架,并给出了平台的概念与特性,分析了政府、企业、高校及相关研究机构在平台中的地位与作用,提出政产学研协同创新研究委员会这一虚拟组织,同时给出了以流程为主线、以协同为机制的平台运行机制。     

典型国家、地区产学研合作创新模式比较研究

以何种模式进行合作是产学研合作过程中的一个重要问题，各国在产学研合作的实践过程中都形成了不同的模式。首先介绍经济合作发展组织对产学研合作模式的分类，进而通过对典型国家、地区的产学研合作创新模式的介绍与比较分析，得出对我国产学研合作创新的一些启示。     

政用产学研战略联盟知识价值链的研究

通过对知识经济新环境的分析,构建由需求、战略、投入、知识链管理、产出五个部分组成的政用产学研战略联盟的知识价值链,进而对战略联盟中各个主体相互影响方式与关系进行分解阐述,建立政用产学研战略联盟知识价值链系统动力学模型。对模型有效性和用户创新需求敏感性进行仿真分析,发现政用产学研战略联盟的知识价值实现有时间滞后性,并具有突变特征,在用户创新需求上升的新兴项目会出现涌现现象;在用户创新需求下降的传统项目,政用产学研战略联盟能最大程度实现知识价值。因此,政用产学研战略联盟在知识创新的各种项目均表现出极好的适应性,尤其适合长期项目的发展。     

沈阳现代装备制造业产学研协同创新研究

产学研协同创新校企合作人才培养是高等教育与现代装备制造业协同发展的必然选择。文章通过分析沈阳市创新型人才培养中存在的问题,提出以产学研协同创新合作为基础,建立创新型人才培养的产学研协同运行模式,探索适合沈阳装备制造业发展的人才战略,为沈阳市装备制造业行业企业发展提供强有力的人才、智力支撑。     

论国家科技创新政策与“产学研链条”关系的构建

提出我国"产学研链条"合作的新概念,以及产学研链条合作过程中存在的诸多矛盾和问题,就国家发展的战略层面,对产学研链条合作体制创新、资源整合以及共赢机制进行探讨,提出进一步推动我国产学研链条密切合作的科技政策和方法。     

区域创新网络与广东省产学研合作对策研究

基于对区域创新网络的研究,分析广东省产学研合作的现状及存在的主要问题,进一步给出了培育网络组织意识、完善产学研合作服务系统、加速完善产学研投融资机制及联合各方资源促进企业人才培养和引进的发展对策。     

国家大学科技园建设的实践与探索——以中国石油大学为例

通过论述中国石油大学国家大学科技园的建设与发展历程,分析了科技园在构筑区域科技公共平台、支撑科技创新发展等方面的巨大作用,并提出建设集产学研合作、创新资源聚集、高端产业孵化、国际科技合作交流及区域创新文化培育于一体的生态产业研发创新基地和科技服务业集聚园区.支撑黄河三角洲实现可持续发展.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence