新建本科院校科研管理路径研究

近几年，我国高等教育事业有了较大发展，一批专科院校合并后建成 了本科高等院校。而新建本科院校在科学研究及科研管理工作上与老牌本科院校相比存在相当的差距，缩小差距，弥补不足，发挥优势，是高校科研管理工作者应当着重研究和解决的问题。     

Developing Food Science Core Competencies in Vietnam: The Role of Experience and Problem Solving in an Industry‐Based Undergraduate Research Course

Although many educators now recognize the value of problem‐based learning and experiential learning, undergraduate‐level food science courses that reflect these pedagogical approaches are still relatively novel, especially in East and Southeast Asia. Leveraging existing partnerships with farmers in Vietnam, a food science course for students at Nong Lam Univ. was designed and taught. The aim was to give students the opportunity to work in small groups and conduct evidence‐based research with farmers, apply food science principles, and develop Success Skills, including the ability to think critically and communicate clearly. Drawing on the experience of 2 student groups, this exploratory study describes what students learned from the process of conducting research. In one group, students learned to work through and resolve the challenge of initial disagreement and misunderstanding with farmers and ultimately carried out a project that aligned with the students’ research interests and farmers’ needs. Another group of students learned to consider the financial limitations of farmers when attempting to develop solutions for problems and ultimately worked with farmers to address a different problem that was less financially taxing. It is important to note the challenges of planning and teaching a course in which instructors are not able to predict exactly what students will learn or experience. This is largely dependent on each student's prior knowledge, experiences, and interests; yet this study demonstrates the transformative potential of teaching a research‐based food science course that gives students authentic opportunities to identify and address real‐world challenges.     

美国研究型大学本科生科研的模式

本科生科研活动是美国研究型大学本科教育的一个重要方面。根据美国本科生科研的预期目标和方式,可以将其大体划分为四种主要模式:降低辍学率的模式、科学职业发展的模式、研究学徒的模式和基于研究的学习的模式。     

SAGE as a Source for Undergraduate Research Projects

Abstract

This article examines the use of the computer algebra system SAGE for undergraduate student research projects. After reading this article, the reader should understand the benefits of using SAGE as a source of research projects and how to commence working with SAGE. The author proposes a tiered working group model to allow maximum benefit to the students with a reasonable time requirement from the supervising faculty. Once a faculty member is familiar with the current state of SAGE functionality, it is possible to institute a long-term development plan that spans multiple years and students greatly reducing the “setup” time for new students. This model also allows the faculty member to work with a broad range of students as they can support each other. To illustrate this model, outcomes from several years of student research projects are discussed as well as the setup requirements and the process of using SAGE for research. The author worked with five different students over the course of 3 years. This resulted in two refereed undergraduate publications and 41 new additions to the SAGE code base. Of these five students, three entered graduate school, two in mathematics and one in computer science.     

Bringing Dinosaur Science to the Junior Girl Scouts Through a College Service-Learning Project

Undergraduate students in an introductory-level geoscience course successfully designed and conducted a science badge day for the Junior Girl Scouts. With national concerns that girls turn away from science at a young age, a service-learning project was incorporated into a college course with the end result providing a group of girls a positive and fun science-learning experience. A number of science and technology badges exist for the Girl Scouts, yet not many of these badges have been completed because of a lack of confidence the troop leaders have in teaching science and a paucity of scheduled science events for the leaders to take their girls. Junior Girl Scout troops were invited to the Pennsylvania State University Delaware County campus to complete a series of hands-on dinosaur science activities that allowed them to earn the Science in Everyday Life badge. At the conclusion of the badge event, the girls reported a greater interest in science, a desire to learn more science, and a desire to complete additional science-related Girl Scout badges.     

研究型大学专业学院本科生导师制实证研究

本科生导师制是目前高等教育教学改革中一种重要的人才培养模式。文章以北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院为个案,针对为推进完全学分制和两校区办学模式实施的本科生导师制,通过问卷调查,分析关键环节,总结存在问题,提出改进建议,为进一步落实导师制积累经验。     

The Impending Revolution in Undergraduate Science Education

There is substantial evidence that scientific teaching in the sciences, i.e. teaching that employs instructional strategies that encourage undergraduates to become actively engaged in their own learning, can produce levels of understanding, retention and transfer of knowledge that are greater than those resulting from traditional lecture/lab classes. But widespread acceptance by university faculty of new pedagogies and curricular materials still lies in the future. In this essay we review recent literature that sheds light on the following questions:

• What has evidence from education research and the cognitive sciences told us about undergraduate instruction and student learning in the sciences?
• What role can undergraduate student research play in a science curriculum?
• What benefits does information technology have to offer?
• What changes are needed in institutions of higher learning to improve science teaching?

We conclude that widespread promotion and adoption of the elements of scientific teaching by university science departments could have profound effects in promoting a scientifically literate society and a reinvigorated research enterprise.     

教学研究型大学本科教育模式的构建

坚持教学与研究的密切结合,是教学型研究型大学的优势,也是人才培养过程中最重要的教育理念。学校应充分利用学科建设中的科研优势、人才优势和设备优势,抓好基础性的本科生教育,构建科研与教学共生的本科教学模式。包括:将“寓学于研“的研究型教学理念贯穿于人才培养全过程、引导学生建立以研究为本的学习方式、构建师生互动的研究性课堂教学模式,打造以培养学生研究素质为核心的科研训练平台,建立并完善适应研究型教学的本科教学管理模式等。     

论本科生阶段性成长的心理引导

对学生的思想教育的过程中,根据不同阶段大学生心理特征及产生这些心理现象的原因,将其划分为过渡迷茫期、快速成长期、刻意塑造期和定型提高期四个阶段。根据每个阶段学生成长的不同特点,应有目的地构建相应的教育体系。     

Undergraduate Research Mentoring: Obstacles and Opportunities

Researchers and policy-makers in higher education increasingly espouse the view that undergraduate students should have the opportunity to learn about scholarship and research in the context of faculty-mentored research experiences. There is mounting consensus that mentored undergraduate research should be standard pedagogical practice in all undergraduate disciplines. Although high-impact, mentored undergraduate research, scholarship, and creative work (URSCW) requires significant resources, with faculty time and energy foremost among them. This article addresses the current gap between aspiration and effective execution of well-mentored URSCW, including the most prevalent obstacles (e.g. institutional, departmental, individual) to undergraduate mentoring. This article is written for academic leaders and institutional officers. It concludes with several specific recommendations for increasing the frequency of mentored URSCW experiences for undergraduates.     

Assessing Aspects of Undergraduate Research Through Journaling

Abstract

It is necessary while mentoring students in undergraduate research to conduct assessments in order to determine how well the research experience is progressing. It may also be necessary to assign a grade to a student’s performance at the conclusion of such a venture. Journaling may be used both as a formative assessment tool and as a summative assessment tool. This paper discusses the process of introducing journals into a mentoring relationship and using them to inform interactions with students.     

Engaging Undergraduate Students in Research Activities: Are Research Universities Doing a Better Job?

Engaging undergraduate students in research activities has been advocated as an innovative strategy to improve American higher education (Boyer Commission, Reinventing undergraduate education: A blueprint for America’s research universities. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Stony Brook, NY, 1998). This study compared the frequency of undergraduate student research experiences at different types of colleges and universities from the early 1990s through 2004. The results indicate that the frequency of student research experiences increased since 1998 at all types of institutions and that students at research universities were not more likely than their counterparts elsewhere to have such experiences. The findings were consistent across major fields. To live up to their claims, research universities must find additional ways to involve undergraduates in research with faculty members. Shouping Hu is Associate Professor of Higher Education at Florida State University. He received his M.S. degree in Economics and Ph.D. in Higher Education from Indiana University. His research and scholarship focuses on postsecondary access and persistence, college student experience, and higher education finance. George D. Kuh is Chancellor’s Professor of Higher Education and Director of the Center for Postsecondary Research at Indiana University Bloomington. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Iowa. His research focuses on the quality of undergraduate education. Joy Gaston Gayles is Associate Professor in Adult and Higher Education at North Carolina State University. She received her Bachelor’s degree from Shaw University, Master’s degree from Auburn University, and Ph.D. in Higher Education from The Ohio State University. Her research focuses on college student learning and development.     

我国应用型本科研究热点与脉络演进可视化分析

为廓清改革开放以来应用型本科研究发展现状,梳理该研究领域的热点问题及发展脉络,文章借助CiteSpace软件,运用文献计量法对国内"应用型本科"为主题的2336篇CSSCI和核心期刊数据库文献的关键词进行了可视化分析。结果表明:(1)历经三个阶段:萌芽探索阶段(1978-1992年)、稳步发展阶段(1993-2007年)和全面改革阶段(2008年至今)。(2)热点主题聚类:应用型本科院校、转型发展、地方本科高校、人才培养模式、实践教学以及产教融合等。(3)研究力量:顾永安发文量占首位,潘懋元、吴中江的成果是重要的研究理论基础;发文量前三位机构分别为常熟理工学院、南京工程学院、厦门大学。作者之间与机构之间的协作关系和整体联系均较为薄弱,行业企业鲜有研究。(4)研究规律:通过体制机制创新,各行为主体建立对接机制,相互协作,走内涵式发展道路。     

关于地方性本科院校科研文化建设的思考

国内理论界关于如何加强地方性本科院校科研文化建设的理论研究,还基本处于空白状态。因此,研究加强地方性本科院校科研文化建设问题,便显得十分必要。通过回顾高校科研文化研究,提出加强地方性科研文化建设的措施。     

普通本科高校科研投入产出分析

当今在新科技革命的推动下,高校科研在国民经济、社会发展乃至国际竞争中起到越来越重要的作用。近年来我国加大了高校科研的投入,但我国大部分高校科研产出处于非效率状态。那么,科研投入如何优化配置提高科研产出是当前迫切需要解决的问题。本文以江西省普通本科高校为样本,对其科研投入产出进行描述性比较分析,为今后分析各高校科研效率存在问题和提出对策建议奠定基础。     

应用型本科人才培养策略研究

发展应用型本科教育是我国经济发展的需要。本文对我国高校应用型本科人才培养策略进行了研究,指出了当前我国应用型本科人才培养方面所存在的主要问题,对我国应用型本科人才培养体系的创新和实践研究具有参考意义。     

中美研究型大学本科生科研训练的比较研究

本科生科研训练是当前各研究型大学关注的热点问题之一。本文首先分析了研究型大学开展本科生科研训练活动的重要性,然后从组织与实施、参与形式及覆盖面等三方面对中美研究型大学本科生科研训练活动进行比较,最后借鉴美国成功经验并根据我国实际情况,对我国研究型大学开展本科生科研训练活动提出了若干建议。     

Undergraduate Research in Quantum Information Science

Abstract

Quantum Information Science (QIS) is an interdisciplinary field involving mathematics, computer science, and physics. Appealing aspects include an abundance of accessible open problems, active interest and support from government and industry, and an energetic, open, and collaborative international research culture. We describe our student–faculty joint work in QIS that has led to many student co-authored papers in research journals. We address program structure and funding, and describe the work performed by our students.     

本科生研究能力阶段性培养思路

在深入分析本科生研究能力存在的问题以及本科生研究能力内涵的基础上,给出相应的本科生研究能力阶段性培养方案,试图通过多种训练方法的有机结合,解决本科生研究能力培养的问题。     

论本科生科研的若干理论问题

本科生科研作为21世纪的教学方法,是培养创新型人才的有效途径.本文在界定相关概念的基础上,分析本科生科研的特征和优缺点,探讨本科生科研的建构主义理论基础,论述本科生科研与现代有关学习理论的辩证关系.