大学语文教学中强化母语教学实践改革初探

目前全国高校普遍存在着对大学语文教学的母语教学功能重视不足的问题,大学语文教学中应有的母语教学功能也在日益削弱。在大学语文教学中强化母语教学迫在眉睫。如何行之有效地强化大学语文教学中的母语教学,本文将从实践改革角度对其加以探寻。     

Education reform and competency-based education

The core purpose of this paper is to describe a new educational paradigm as well as possible directions and tasks for education reform in the 21^st century. The present-day education system has failed to nurture the kind of creative people who can play leading roles in development or to produce citizens of a good character and democratic tendencies. We need to look at education from the standpoint of expanding the totality of possibilities for national development. The current educational system of Korea can be characterized as one of “manpower-centered education. ” In this system, education functions to produce the human resources needed by the nation, and there is a strong belief in the classification and selection of high-quality human capital via the school system. We can think of an educational model that is parallel to the current system of manpower classification and selection and call it “competency-based education. ” In this model, the identification of individual ability, talent, and aptitude is deemed to be the most important, and the key task of education is self-actualization through recognition and cultivation of such talents and abilities. What educational values should be pursued within a new competency-based paradigm? First, we can reduce the relative weight of subject-centered education and introduce a competency-based curriculum in order to teach key competences for life. Second, new intelligence theories must be introduced into education in order to foster the development of students' talents, aptitudes, and potentials. Third, we can make use of positive psychology, which is a newly emerging field, the core concept of which is the belief that happiness in life depends on one's ability to develop and maintain positive feelings and emotions.     

论师范院校《教育史》教学改革

对于师范生而言,《教育史》价值有三:阐释教育问题产生的背景、提供教育实践方面的启示、训练师范生反省思维。具备反省思维,师范生能更为理性地处理教育问题,更好地从事教育工作。因此,《教育史》最大价值是训练反省思维。但是,当下《教育史》教学以教材为中心,教学成了知识传授,对教师与师范生均造成不良影响。教师传授既定内容,无法将科研与教学结合,专业能力难以发展;师范生被动接受,丧失智力主动性,在学过程习中无法获得思维训练。因此,教师应该结合自己的研究,通过专题方式来组织教育史教学内容,着重培养师范生的阅读能力,训练师范生的反省思维。     

试论吸引教育对我国教育改革的启示

阐述一种较新的教育理论———吸引教育的概念、核心观念及操作因素 ,并分析其给我们的启示 ,拟为当前教育改革提供一种思路     

关于教育改革背景下的汉语言教育改革的思考

本文从当前我国高校汉语言文学教育的现状入手,着重分析汉语言教学中存在的现象与问题,并结合当前国家教育改革背景下,对于如何改革创新汉语言教育提出了几点对策。     

Contesting knowledge,constructing legitimacy: knowledge making in mother-tongue education schools in Nepal

Scholars in education have drawn our attention to the ways in which social power and control manifests in the process of knowledge production in education institutions especially through school curriculum. In this paper, I analyse school textbooks along with classroom instruction events and everyday practices in a mother-tongue school in Nepal. Drawing on the concept of ‘legitimate knowledge’, this paper discusses mother-tongue education as a struggle over symbolic resources, whereby familiarity with ‘daily life in the locality’ is discursively drawn upon to articulate mother tongue as an effective pedagogy and legitimate knowledge. The paper argues that the introduction of mother tongue in the school curriculum is, therefore, more than an addition of new language. It is a process of negotiating what it means to ‘know’ things in school. In doing so, this paper illustrates a dynamic process of re-signification of local languages, knowledge and identities that is underway.     

The reform of secondary education in indonesia during the 1990s: Basic education expansion and quality improvement through curriculum decentralization

This case study attempts to examine basic education expansion and curriculum reform policies in Indonesia during the last decade. The study focuses on the context of educational reform to understand its rationale as well as the content and process of the reform policies, and the main barriers to effective reform implementation. The study is based on a review of policy documents and interviews with key participants in the decision-making and monitoring process. The reforms in the 1990s were concerned with providing quality-basic-education opportunities through basic education expansion and decentralizing the administrative structure of curriculum development. The expansion of basic education has been very successful. However there were a number of problems associated with the decentralization of the curriculum and it ’s implementation: the implementation gap between the province and district level, the lack of appropriate teacher training, the teachers ’ passive attitudes toward the policy, and the scarcity of resources and funding. This paper is part of the Secondary Education Reform Case Studies Project directed by professor Clementina Acedo at the Institute for International Studies, University of Pittsburgh, sponsored by USAID. We would like to thank Professor Mark B. Ginsburg (University of Pittsburgh), Professor Emeritus Don Adams (University of Pittsburgh) and John Hatch (USAID), who gave us meaningful comments helpful in finalizing this paper.     

基础教育改革背景下高等师范院校职前教育改革探析

当前,基础教育正在进行新一轮的课程改革,对教师教育提出了巨大挑战。高等师范院校应积极关注基础教育改革的趋势,反思师范职前教育存在的问题;把握基础教育变革对师范毕业新入职教师的要求;重建高等师范院校职前教育的理念和行动策略,以更好地承担为基础教育输送合格师资的重任。     

多元智力理论及其对教育改革的启示

本文通过对多元智力理论概念及主要内容的分析,提出了多元智力理论对教育改革的启示。     

小班化教育是基础教育改革的发展趋势

随着现代社会的发展和教育观念的转变，传统的学校教育和班级授课制在内容和形式上都在发生变化。小班化教育作为一种改革的举措，符合国际教育发展趋势，适应了社会的变化和需要。本从优质教育、课堂教学、教学评价和师生培养等方面阐述了小班化教育的价值。     

Educational expansion in Ghana: Economic assumptions and expectations

The neo-classical ‘human capital theory’ continues to be invoked as part of the rationale for educational expansion in the developing world. While the theory provides a route from educational inputs to economic outputs in terms of increased incomes and standards of living, the route is contingent and relies upon a number of key assumptions. This study examines these assumptions alongside student expectations of their educations in the context of Ghana using data collected from a survey conducted at higher education institution and from the Ghana Statistical Service's ongoing living standards surveys. Data indicate that students have high economic expectations but that trends in wages and employment are leading to ‘wage compression’ which may ultimately make expectations difficult to fulfill. The relatively low private costs of education, particularly higher education, may mean, however, that educational investment remains very much a ‘rational’ choice in economic terms. However, the study finds that key assumptions of successful human capital investment went largely unsatisfied in Ghana.     

Patterns for reform in American teacher education

Public accountability in America has led to the reform of teacher preparation. A competency-based fieldcentered approach is emerging. The two major processes for achieving reform are the development of alternative teacher education institutions and the conversion of existing ones. The political and educational aspects of each process are considered.

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Résumé La réforme de la formation des maîtres aux Etats-Unis a été amenée par le développement de l'idee de responsabilité publique. On remarque l'élaboration d'une approche fondée sur la compétence pratique. Les deux principaux facteurs de cette réforme sont le développement d'un nouveau genre d'établissements pour la formation des maîtres et la transformation de ceux qui existent actuellement. Cet article fait l'exposé des aspects politique et éducationnel de chacun de ces facteurs.

     

素质教育与成人教育考试改革

要从考试方法多样化、考试命题科学化、考试程序规范化等方面建立适应素质教育要求的成人教育考试制度。     

基于高等教育发展趋势的俄语教育改革措施

今世界经济全球化和知识经济的蓬勃发展,高等教育正发生着深刻的变化。当前国际高等教育改革的基本趋势主要表现在五个方面:一是高等教育多样化、特性化的发展趋势;二是高等教育课程改革综合化的发展趋势;三是高等教育产学合作化的发展趋势;四是高等教育改革国际协作化的发展趋势;五是高等教育向终身化方向的发展趋势。俄语在高等教学改革中牢固树立科学发展观、质量观和人才观,坚持育人为本,德育为先,大力推行文化素质教育。在已有的教学改革成果基础上,转变思想,更新观念,深化人才培养模式,课程体系,教学内容,教学方法和手段的改革,努力开创教学改革成果与教育教学有机结合的育人机制。,加大实践教学力度,重点培养实践动口能力,分析能力和解决问题的能力,努力将教学改革成果应用到教育教学中。本文主要阐述了高等教育发展趋势下的俄语教育改革措施。     

Computers in Engineering Education in Ghana

This paper looks at the areas where the computer is used in Ghana and determines the future of the computer industry in the country. It then outlines plans through which engineers can be trained to meet these challenges in the country.     

Publishing for pre-tertiary education in Ghana: the 2002 textbook policy in retrospect

This paper assesses the performance of the “National Textbook Development and Distribution Policy for Pre-Tertiary Education” of 2002. It examines the policy in theory and in practice by exploring the extent to which the liberalisation of the textbook trade has helped to improve on textbook procurement, production and distribution, availability, quality and access to the books. The paper discusses the context leading to the transition from the state-controlled policies to the present liberalised textbook provision policies in Africa. The tensions that marked the transition period and the role of the World Bank and other development agencies in the policy shift have also been discussed. The paper identifies a number of implementation challenges stalling the full realisation of the objectives of the textbook policy including the Ministry of Education’s interference in the textbook procurement process and some publishers’ and authors’ abuse of the conflict of interest regulation in the policy. The paper makes a number of recommendations for consideration.