复方甘草甜素(美能)注射液治疗慢性乙型肝炎临床疗效观察

[目的]观察复方甘草甜素(美能)对慢性乙型肝炎的治疗作用.[方法]将病人随机分为为两组,治疗组10例,用美能40 m l/d.iv.3周后改为口服美能片75 mg,每日3次.对照组1 0例,使用甘利欣150 mg/d,VD.3周后改为口服甘利欣100 mg,每日3次.[结果]治疗组治疗后症状缓解率75%;血清ALT水平由306.70±229.33 u/L降为105.00±86.11 u/L;血清AST水平由137.90±71.44 u/L降为64.30±34.93 u/L;血清SB水平由31.80±28.90 umol/L降为16.20±3.43 umol/L.对照组治疗后症状缓解率为66.7%;血清ALT水平由208.20±160.13 u/L降为77.20±65.92 u/L;血清AST水平由92.60±61.19 u/L降为51.20±31.38 u/L;血清SB水平由20.60±5.08 umol/L降为11.70±2.06 umol/L.[结论]复方甘草甜素(美能)的临床疗效与国内同类产品(甘利欣)相仿,具有较好的保肝、降酶作用,有一定的优势.     

小议电学实验中仪器的选择

电学实验中仪器的选择是一项综合性指标,既要对仪器不造成损害,又要使测量的误差尽可能的小,并不是量程不小于待测量值和实际值不大于额定值即可。怎样选择仪器呢? 一、电表的选择指针式电压表、电流表的“允差”(最大可能误差)为±(量程×等级÷100),例如某一2.5级电压表量程0～3伏,允差ΔU=±3×2.5％=±0.075伏。因此,用同一量程时,电表不同示数的绝对误差相同,但相对误差不同。当上述电压表读数U=2.5伏时,则相对误差仍为ΔU/U=±0.075/2.5=±3％,而当读数U=0.50伏时、相对误差却增大为ΔU/U=±0.075/0.50=±15％。由此可见,选择电表量程时,应使指针的偏     

二(α—乙基己基)磷酸在磺化煤油——(Na,H)NO_3体系中萃取镍(Ⅱ)的机理及热力学性质研究

本文研究了以二(α—乙基己基)磷酸在磺化煤油——(Na,H)NO_3体系中萃取镍(Ⅱ)的机理及热力学性质。实验结果表明其机理为阳离子交换型:Ni~(2+)(a)+3H_2A_2 NiA_2·4HA(0)+2H~+(a).在298～323°K 温度区间里考察了温度 T 对萃取分配比 D 及萃取平衡常数 K_(jx)的影响,由1gK_(jx)～1/T 图中直线的斜率求出萃取反应的恒压热效应ΔH°为-15.7kj·mol~(-1).     

小儿骶管下段形态及应用解剖的研究

应用135具出生后至7岁的小儿尸体,按身长分为三组。其中,75,5厘米以下为0～12个月,76例;95.1厘米以下为1～3岁,36例;116.2厘米以下为3～7岁,23例。对硬膜囊末端以下部位的骶管进行观察和测量。发现骶管弯度随年龄增加而变大.在骶管裂孔中央处,其长轴与皮肤之间的夹角分别为19.9°±2.53°,24.2°±3.29°、27.4°±3.40°.硬膜囊以下部位骶管长度分别为1.51±0.37厘米、2.10±0.22厘米、3.74±0.45厘米.髂嵴连线并骶角的垂直距离分别为3.83±0.91厘米、5.95±0.64厘米,7.32±0.96厘米.骶角至尾骨类的距离分别为1.85±0.40厘米、2.72±0.37厘米、3.71±0.57厘米.以上各数据在组间均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。硬膜囊末端平面的骶管管径和骶管下口的口径均以矢状较横径狭小.     

外科手术患者术后C反应蛋白的监测

目的探讨C反应蛋白在术后感染中的诊断价值。方法监测外科手术患者术后C反应蛋白水平,根据术后是否感染将患者分为感染组和非感染组,比较感染组和非感染组的C反应蛋白水平。结果 共监测外科手术患者156例,在术前1d、术后第1d、2d、3d、4d、5d、6d、7d、9d、11d感染组的C反应蛋白水平依次为14.65±26.52、18.24±10.80、26.90±10.45、38.15±5.05、33.12±9.06、25.14±0.54、19.32±4.28、15.21±2.32、18.96±9.20、16.23±10.10,非感染组C反应蛋白水平依次为15.23±10.02、19.01±7.43、28.14±6.05、50.76±6.21、60.68±7.12、67.25±8.44、38.21±10.42、16.24±8.69、19.14±7.33、15.42±6.26,两组数值在第3、4、5、6、7存在不同程度差异(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论外科手术患者在术后第1～2duC反应蛋白水平升高,第3～7d恢复至正常水平,若持续不降,则提示继发感染。     

流动注射化学发光法测定Bi(Ⅲ)

在碱性介质中,Bi(Ⅲ)对鲁米诺-H2O2发光体系有明显的增敏作用,且增敏效果与其浓度呈良好的线性关系.基于上述特点,建立了流动注射化学发光分析法测定Bi(Ⅲ).在最优条件下,Bi(Ⅲ)浓度在6.0×10-9～6.0×10-7g.mL-1和6.0×10-7～6.0×10-5g.mL-1范围内呈线性,方法的检出限为1.1×10-10g.mL-1,对于浓度为6.0×10-7g.mL-1的Bi(Ⅲ)标准溶液连续测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差为1.2%,以片剂为基体,用标准加入法检验方法的回收率,测得结果在98.5%~105.3%之间.     

超高压和温度对胡萝卜过氧化物酶失活的影响研究

本文通过试验研究在0.1～600MPa压力和25～45℃温度范围内,压力和温度对胡萝卜过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。试验表明:在较低的压力下(﹤396MPa),胡萝卜过氧化物酶的稳定性较常压下高,在506MPa、40℃时则观察不到再生,在600MPa、45℃下,胡萝卜过氧化物酶失活率达91%。但超高压(UHP)对维生素C或蛋白质的失活没有明显的影响。研究发现:在胡萝卜处理中超高压结合轻微的加热处理比在高温下的热处理更容易使过氧化物酶(POD)失活。     

尿微量蛋白联合尿酶在特发性水肿中的应用价值

目的 :探讨特发性水肿病人早期肾损害诊断指标。方法 :对 5 0例正常对照和 4 0例特发性水肿患者采用ELISA方法检测尿微量白蛋白 (mALB)、视黄醇结合蛋白 (RBP) ,尿转铁蛋白 (TRF)和α1-微球蛋白 (α1-M ) ,终点法测尿N -乙酰 - β -D -氨基葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG) ,比色法测尿肌酐。结果 :正常对照组尿mALB为 (3.6 1± 2 .4 6 )mg/L ,RBP/Cr为 (7.4 6± 5 .0 2 ) μg/mmol,TRF/Cr为 (0 .0 5± 0 .0 3)mg/mmol ,α1-M /Cr为 (0 .78± 0 .5 1)mg/mmol,NAG/Cr为 (0 .5 2± 0 .4 6 )U/mmol,特发性水肿患者尿mALB为 (12 .4 2± 11.2 5 )mg/L ,RBP/Cr为 (18.75± 17.16 ) μg/mmol,TRF/Cr为 (0 .0 8± 0 .0 1)mg/mmol ,NAG/Cr为 (1.89± 1.6 4)U/mmol,α1-M /Cr为 (0 .86± 0 .14 )mg/mmol;其检测的阳性率分别为 :mALB :30 % ,NAG :4 0 % ,RBP :2 7.5 % ,TRF :2 .5 % ,α1-M :5 % ,两项指标联合检测其阳性率分别为 :NAG+mALB :4 0 % ,NAG +RBP :4 0 % ,mALB +RBP :32 .5 %。结论 :尿NAG酶的检测是诊断特发性水肿早期肾损害的最灵敏、可靠的实验室指标。     

求y=(ax+b)~(1/2)±(cx+d)~(1/2)(ac(?)o)型函数的值域的新方法

求y=((ax+b)~(1/2))±((cx+d)~(1/2))(ac≠0)型函数值域的方法,一般不只一种,如观察法,利用函数单调性、三角代换等,但这些方法,往往因为考虑不周而容易出错,或使用范围有限,或有变形繁琐的缺点。这里,我们借助直线与二次曲线的关系,给出求y=((ax+b)~(1/2))±((cx+d)~(1/2))(ac≠0)型函数值域的新方法,此方法具有直观、简明、准确、实用范围广等优点。 [方法]设Y=(ax+b)~(1/2)≥0,X=(cx+d)≥0,则 y=Y±X 即 Y=±x+y (1)且 aX~2-cY~2=ad-bc (2) 建立平面直角坐标系XOY,那么(1),(2)分别表示坐标平面内的一条直线(斜率为±1,在Y轴上的截距为y)和一条二次曲线(可以为直线),若直线(1)与曲线(2)在第一象限(包括X、Y轴的正半轴)     

川芎嗪对人乳腺癌MCF-7/ADM细胞多药耐药性的逆转及P-糖蛋白表达的影响

[目的]探讨川芎嗪(TMP)对人乳腺癌MCF-7/ADM细胞的耐药逆转及其对该细胞P-糖蛋白(P-gp)表达的影响.[方法]MTT法测定细胞的药敏性和抗药性逆转,流式细胞术检测耐药细胞P-糖蛋白的表达.[结果]非细胞毒性剂量(320μg/m l)和低毒剂量(1 250μg/m l)的川芎嗪均能显著降低MCF-7/ADM细胞的IC50(P<0.01),逆转倍数分别为2.14和2.80倍;并使该细胞P-gp的表达率由(90.60±0.40)%分别降低至(69.10±1.65)%和(60.30±1.25)%.[结论]川芎嗪可部分逆转人乳腺癌MCF-7/ADM细胞对阿霉素的耐药性,其逆转机制与抑制该细胞P-gp的表达有关.     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） for bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Objective:To review our experience of the treatment of bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Materials and methods: Retrospective chart review was followed by an on-clinic or telephone interview. Patients were cared for by one thoracic surgeon in four medical centers or community hospitals in Northern and Central Taiwan. Thirteen patients with bilateral PSP underwent bilateral VATS simultaneously or sequentially from July 1994 to December 2005. Results: Twelve males and one female, with age ranging from 15 to 36 years (mean 23.1 years), were treated with VATS for bilateral PSP, under the indications of bilateral pneumothoracis simultaneously (n=4) or sequentially (n=9). The interval between the first and second contra-lateral VATS procedure for non-simultaneous PSP patients ranged from 7 d to 6 years. Eleven of 13 patients (84.6%) had prominent pulmonary bullae/blebs, and underwent bullae resection with mechanical or chemical pleurodesis. The mean operative time was (45.6±18.3) min (range 25-96 min) and (120.6±28.7) min (range 84-166 min) respectively for the non-simultaneous (second VATS for the recurrence of contralateral side after first VATS) and simultaneous (bilateral VATS in one operation) procedures. There was no postoperative mortality. However, prolonged air leakage (>7 d) occurred in one patient (7.7%) who recovered after conservative treatment. The mean duration of chest tube drainage was 3.1 d and the median follow up period was 3.4 years. Conclusions: VATS is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of bilateral PSP. Bilateral VATS is only recommended for patients with simultaneously bilateral PSP, because the incidence of recurrence, even with visible bullae, was not so high in my group and in some previous literature. Bilateral VATS in a supine position should only be used in selective cases, because of possible pleural adhesion or hidden bullae on the posterior side.     

Mechanisms of phosphate removal from aqueous solution by blast furnace slag and steel furnace slag

We report the adsorption of phosphate and discuss the mechanisms of phosphate removal from aqueous solution by burst furnace slag （BFS） and steel furnace slag （SFS）. The results show that the adsorption of phosphate on the slag was rapid and the majority of adsorption was completed in 5-10 min. The adsorption capacity of phosphate by the slag was reduced dramatically by acid treatment. The relative contribution of adsorption to the total removal of phosphate was 26%-28%. Phosphate adsorption on BFS and SFS follows the Freundlich isotherm, with the related constants of k 6.372 and 1/n 1.739 for BFS, and of k 1.705 and 1/n 1.718 for SFS. The pH and Ca^2＋ concentration were decreased with the addition of phosphate, suggesting the formation of calcium phosphate precipitation. At pH 2.93 and 6.93, phosphate was desorbed by about 36%-43% and 9%-11%, respectively. These results indicate that the P adsorption on the slag is not completely reversible and that the bond between the slag particles and adsorbed phosphate is strong. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns of BFS and SFS before and after phosphate adsorption verify the formation of phosphate salts （CaHPO4·2H2O） after adsorption process. We conclude that the removal of phosphate by BFS and SFS is related to the formation of phosphate calcium precipitation and the adsorption on hydroxylated oxides. The results show that BFS and SFS removed phosphate nearly 100%, indicating they are promising adsorbents for the phosphate removal in wastewater treatment and pollution control.     

Computed tomography angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in chronic total occlusion

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate if dual-source computed tomography(DSCT) could guide the percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) of chronic total occlusion(CTO).Methods:We enrolled patients who were confirmed to have at least one native coronary artery CTO by DSCT before they underwent selective PCI in the period from December 2007 to October 2008.A CTO was defined as an obstruction of a native coronary artery with no luminal continuity.The CT-guided PCI procedure involved placing CT and fluoroscopic images side-by-side on the screen.DSCT images were analyzed for location,segment,plaque characteristics,calcification,and proximal lumen diameter of the CTO before PCI.The guidewire was advanced and manipulated under CT guidance.The PCI was carried out and the results were compared.Results:Seventy-four CTOs were assessed.PCI was successful in 57 cases of CTOs(77.0%).According to the results,CTOs were divided into two groups:successful-PCI and failed-PCI.All coronary artery paths of CTOs were clearly recognized by DSCT.In the successful-PCI group,soft plaques were detected much more often than those in the failed-PCI group,but fibrous and calcified plaques were seen more often in the failed-PCI group.Calcification severity in CTO segments showed a significant difference between the groups(P=0.014).Calcified plaques were detected in 20(35.1%) lesions in the successful-PCI group.More than 70% of the failures were calcified plaques,of which there were two arc-calcified and one circular-calcified lesions.Occlusions were longer in the failed-PCI group than those in the successful-PCI group [(38.8±25.0) vs.(18.0±15.3) mm,respectively,P0.01].Fewer guidewires were used in the successful-PCI group compared with the failed-PCI group(1.7±1.0 vs.2.5±0.9,respectively,P0.01).The logistic regression analysis indicated that predictors of recanalization of CTOs included occlusion length(P=0.0035,risk ratio(RR)=0.93) and calcification severity(P=0.05,RR=0.27).Multi-linear trends analysis showed that the factors affecting procedural time were CTO location(P=0.0141) and occlusion length(P=0.0035).Conclusions:DSCT could delineate the path of CTOs and characterize plaques.The outcomes of PCI were related to thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI) flow grade,CTO characteristics,severity of calcified plaques,and the length of occlusive segments.Occlusion length and calcification severity were independent predictors of CTOs.Occlusion length and CTO segments could also help to estimate the duration of interventional procedures.     

Abnormalities of masseter inhibitory reflex in patients with episodic tension-type headache

Objective: To investigate the masseter inhibitory reflex (MIR) and its eventual changes in patients with episodic tension-type headache (TTH). Methods: MIR was studied in 21 patients with episodic TTH and 30 healthy subjects, with age and sex matched to the study cohort. Median age of patients was 17,0 years (ranged 16～49 years), median duration of disease 12 months (1～5 years), and median frequency of headache 7.5 d per month. Results: The second period of suppression (S2) of MIR was reduced in intensity and duration in 10% of controls and 66.7% (confidence interval (CI)=45.3%～85%; P<0.05) of patients with episodic TTH (χ2=74.9; P<0.001). In 3 (14.3%) of patients with episodic TTH, S2 was completely absent. No significant correlation between the duration of disease and headache frequency was found. Conclusion: Our results confirm the link between episodic TTH and reduction or absence of S2. Teenage patients with episodic TTH may exhibit marked pathological changes in S2 in contrast to older individuals.     

Determination of theophylline concentration in serum by chemiluminescent immunoassay

INTRODUCTION Theophylline is one of the antiasthmatic drugs commonly used in a clinic.The individual difference of its bio-availability and the elimination rate in vivo is very large(Vergin et al.,2003).Its valid blood drug level is10~20mg/L,and it has a narrow safety range(Dawson and Whyte,1999;Li et al.,2000).As it is apt to result in the serious side-effect if the blood drug level exceeds20mg/L,monitoring the blood drug level of theophylline is necessary.In many different methods fo…     

用密度梯度离心法富集源于小鼠胚胎干细胞的运动神经元样细胞前体

目的:我们的目标是从源于胚胎体(EBs)的小鼠胚胎干细胞(mESCs)中分离运动神经元样细胞前体(MNLCPs),以用于发展针对运动神经元疾病的药物筛选试验和移植疗法.天然Shh蛋白(或Shh通路激动剂)和维甲酸诱导的胚胎体中,MNLCPs和未分化细胞的含量是不确定的.如果不把未分化的细胞从细胞培养中充分去除,其可能会干涉药物筛选试验或在移植后增生.我们开发了一种以密度梯度离心法为基础的富集MNLCPs的方法.方法:我们用Wichterle等人2008年改进的方法,将mESCs( HBG3:eGFP:HB9)扩大和分化.通过化学和酶学的无研磨处理,含有绿色荧光蛋白的MNLCPs和未分化细胞的胚胎体被小心轻轻地离解成单细胞.利用OptiprepTM8％～20％逐步梯度离心技术将MNLCPs回收.拥有绿色荧光蛋白的MNLCPs的含量由流式细胞仪检测.结果:我们的结果表明,在胚胎体形成前,mESCs在明胶包被的培养板上生长,其分化为MNLCPs的能力减少.比较mESCs在明胶,明胶与PMEFs,及PMEFs包被的培养板上的生长发现,mESCs在PMEFs包被的培养板上产生含绿色荧光蛋白的MNLCPs的得率为(54.1±11.0)％(x-±s;n=12),在明胶包被的培养板上的得率为(2.8±1.1)％(x-±s;n=9).用密度梯度离心法获得的含绿色荧光蛋白的MNLCPs的平均含量为(87.7±5.5)％(x-±s;n=3).结论:我们的数据表明,不使用细胞分选器,无研磨解离和密度梯度离心法也能用于富集具有高存活率的MNLCPs.有必要对MNLCPs在体外、体内和表型上进行进一步的生理学意义(如神经轴突的生长及形成神经肌肉接头的能力)上的鉴定.     

Protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae on the hearts of rats with severe acute pancreatits or obstructive jaundice

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhizae (Danshen) in the treatment of severe acute panereatitis (SAP)- or obstructive jaundice (OJ)-induced heart injury. Methods: A total of 288 rats were used for SAP-(n=108) and O J-associated (n=180) experiments. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model control, and Salvia miltiorrhizae-treated groups. According to the difference of time points after operation, SAP rats in each group were subdivided into 3, 6 and 12 h subgroups (n=12), whereas OJ rats were subdivided into 7, 14, 21, and 28 d subgroups (n=15). At the corre-sponding time points after operation, the mortality rates of the rats, the contents of endotoxin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in blood, and pathological changes of the hearts were investigated. Results: The numbers of dead SAP and OJ rats in the treated groups declined as compared with those in the model control group, but not significantly (P>0.05). The contents ofendotoxin (at 6 and 12 h in SAP rats and on 7, 14, 21, and 28 d in OJ rats, respectively) and PLA2 (at 6 and 12 h in SAP rats and on 28 d in OJ rats, respectively) in the treated group were significantly lower than those in the model control group (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respec-tively). Besides, myocardial pathological injuries were mitigated in SAP and OJ rats. Conclusion: In this study, we found that Salvia miltiorrhizae improved myocardial pathological changes, reduced the content of PLA2 in blood, and decreased the mortality rates of SAP and OJ rats, exerting protective effects on the hearts of the rats.     

On the construction of cryptographically strong Boolean functions with desirable trade-off

INTRODUCTION A variety of desirable criteria for functions have been identified: balancedness, local and global ava-lanche characteristics, high nonlinearity, etc. These properties are also very important for cryptographic purpose. Obtaining optimal tradeoffs among so many properties is hard. If we take into account more crite-ria, it is more difficult to generate Boolean functions satisfying those properties purely by constructive algebraic methods. How to construct Boolean func-tions …     

乙酰胆碱对海马神经元网络自发同步钙振荡的调控作用

目的以体外原代培养海马神经元网络为模型,应用钙成像技术,观察不同浓度乙酰胆碱（ACh）对海马神经元网络同步自发钙振荡的调控作用。方法取（18±1）d的SD胎鼠,分离海马组织,制成细胞悬液,进行细胞培养。培养9—13d的海马神经元用于实验。分别加入不同浓度的ACh,应用钙成像技术,观察其对钙振荡频率的影响。结果加入1umol／LACh后,钙振荡频率增加至对照期的（116．10±2．63）％（x±s,n=16）;加入10umoL／L,100umol／LACh后,钙震荡频率增加到对照期的（138.39±4．03）％（n=27）和（141.37±2．33）％（n=21）;而加入500umol/LACh钙震荡频率在前4min可增加到对照期的（156．81±1．65）％（n=18）,但在后6min时段内海马神经元网络同步自发钙震荡频率减慢,到16—18min,钙震荡频率减慢至对照期的（52．27±0．55）％（n=18）。结论ACh在一定浓度范围内可以加快海马神经元网络同步自发钙振荡频率,调节神经元网络兴奋性。     

三聚氰胺分子印迹传感器研制及其应用

以邻氨基酚(OAP)为单体,三聚氰胺为印迹分子,在玻碳电极上电化学聚合制备了三聚氰胺分子印迹敏感膜.分子印迹传感器敏感膜洗脱前和洗脱后在电化学特性方面有明显的不同.以K3[Fe(CN)6]为电化学探针,利用差分脉冲法(DPV)研究了传感器的响应性能,在三聚氰胺浓度0.4~1.0μg/kg和2.0~10μg/kg范围内,传感器峰电流变化(Δi)与三聚氰胺浓度c成线性关系,线性方程分别为:Δi=281200c-0.1059,R=0.997;Δi=13410c+0.1735,R=0.999.定量检测下限为0.4μg/kg.该传感器的响应时间为5 min,测定相对标准偏差为3.46%(n=7),有较好的选择性,用于实际样品测定,加标回收率为88.3%~110%.