Exploring the Dynamics of Teacher Perceptions of Homeless Children and Families during the Early Years

The perceptions teachers have of homeless children and their families are a significant influence on children and parents. These perceptions of teachers are explored from a social justice view and in relation to barriers that may impede teacher development of nurturing and supportive perspectives. Effective strategies for helping teachers strengthen their perspectives of homeless children and families are presented and discussed.     

暴力犯罪之"暴力"论

刑法学意义上的暴力犯罪是对以暴力手段实施的某些犯罪客观方面特定情状的一种抽象,它的具体表现是刑法有关条文中规定的暴力手段。由于刑事用语的相对性、具体罪名的特殊性,刑法条文中的暴力在暴力对象、暴力表现形式、暴力程度、暴力"致人重伤、死亡"等方面存在很大差异。     

Exposure to Media Violence and Young Children with and Without Disabilities: Powerful Opportunities for Family-Professional Partnerships

There is growing concern regarding the amount and type of violence that young children are exposed to on a daily basis. Through media, popular toys and video games violent images are consistently present in children’s lives starting at a very young age. This paper discusses (a) the growing presence of young children’s exposure to media violence, (b) the influence of media violence on early childhood development and well-being, (c) the impact of media violence on young children with disabilities, and (d) recommendations for addressing this national dilemma within the context of family-professional partnerships. A list of related web resources is also included.     

Young adult outcomes of the Abecedarian and CARE early childhood educational interventions

Adult benefits for participants in Project CARE were compared with those of the Abecedarian Project, a closely related randomized study of early childhood educational intervention for children from low-income families who were at risk of developmental delays and school failure. CARE replicated Abecedarian's young adult treatment-related educational and vocational attainment gains. CARE data also supported the Abecedarian reduction in marijuana use. Treated individuals in both studies reported adopting a more active life style. The average age at birth of a first child, the number of children, and the proportion of teen parents were positively affected in the Abecedarian sample but not in CARE. Finding significant educational and vocational gains lasting into young adulthood in the CARE study reinforces Abecedarian young adult findings and strengthens the case for early childhood intervention for children from low-income families.     

Promoting Caring in Children and Families as Prevention of Violence Strategy

Promoting caring in children is a powerful venue to prevent violence in our society. This article reviews the roots of violence, explores the various contexts of violence, and then describes how caring can be used to prevent violence. In particular, the role that families and schools can play in helping children develop caring is discussed.     

Against the Unchallenged Discourse of Homelessness: Examining the Views of Early Childhood Preservice Teachers

Abstract

Because of the link between teacher training and higher‐quality classroom practice, early childhood researchers and professional organizations have placed an increasing emphasis on all early childhood teachers—including those in early care and education (ECE) settings—obtaining a minimum of a Bachelor's degree as part of their professional development. Given the differing licensure requirements for ECE teachers, the variety of settings early childhood teachers work in, and the creativity needed to respond to the changing roles teachers play in those settings, however, this paper offers an additional perspective that is sometimes left out of the discussion regarding what teachers need: that of the early childhood practitioner. Using conversations with both a certified, public school teacher and a non‐certified teacher in a private ECE setting in New Jersey, this article reports on these teachers’ professional development experiences, as well as the implications of their experiences for future considerations of what teachers need in order to enhance their growth as educators.     

Child Care and Early Education: Satisfaction with Services Among Rural Families

Parents were surveyed regarding their satisfaction with early childhood services. Participants were 65 families who had at least 1 child younger than 5 years of age enrolled in a child care center or an early education program in a rural county; a majority of respondents were single, African American females with annual incomes below $20,000. Parents responded to the 20 items of the questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). The average score for overall level of satisfaction was 4.64 for the child care group and 4.37 for the early education group; the average for individual items ranged from a low of 3.85 to a high of 4.64. Differences between child care centers and early education programs were not statistically significant. Applications, implications, and recommendations for early childhood services are discussed.     

Violence and the changing universe of disabilities

The field of special education has primary responsibility for providing specialized services to young children with disabilities in the schools. Increasingly, it is recognized that many disabilities identified among young children may be attributable to environmental variables, such as violence, poverty, toxic materials exposure, and family dysfunction. Issues of violence hold particular relevance for special education professionals. Recent studies report that young children with disabilities are 1.7 times more likely to be victims of maltreatment than children without disabilities. For children with disabilities living with the effects of violence, the infrastructure of special education as it is now developing may be the most promising approach to individual and systems intervention. Comprehensive community-based initiatives are replacing fragmented practices. The new collaborations can multiply the results of intervention or support programs beyond those attainable through any single approach. Views expressed in this article are solely those of the author and do not reflect policies of the U.S. Department of Education.     

论防止家庭暴力的对策

文章主要论述了中国家庭暴力的危害、原因及对策,以及尽快在我国建立《防止家庭暴力法》的必要性。     

试论家庭暴力的侵权责任

家庭暴力是指行为人以殴打、捆绑、残害、强行限制人身自由或者其他手段,给其家庭成员的身体、精神等方面造成一定伤害后果的行为。但这一概念准确性尚存疑义。家庭暴力的表现形式包括身体暴力、精神暴力和性暴力。目前对于家庭暴力的救济还主要是限于行政责任和刑事责任,这种救济模式存在一定的缺陷,必须完善家庭暴力的相关立法。     

Starting School: Welcoming Young Children and Families into Early School Experiences

Throughout the world, young children and their families anticipate the start of school with expectations and hopes, as well as concerns. Although the approaches and customs differ from one nation, region, or culture to another, one constant is the recognition that a collaborative effort is needed to welcome young children and their families into formal schooling experiences. The transition process should be proactive and responsive to the children’s needs. This article addresses four key components of appropriate support for young children who are starting school: (1) a consideration of the developmental characteristics of young children, (2) a recognition of factors that affect adjustment to new situations, (3) the establishment of relationships with families, and (4) the implementation of strategies that assist young children in making this important transition. Strategies for assisting children who are beginning their school careers are shared.     

Television Violence and Its Effects on Young Children

This article examines research on television violence and links violence to specific programs commonly watched by young children. Although there are some who try to disprove any connection between television and aggresive behavior, there is evidence to suggest that such linkages do exist.     

论《红高粱家族》中的暴力美学

在当代作家的文学创作中,暴力描写受到许多作家的青睐,他们借暴力来表达深层的意义,当代著名作家莫言对暴力叙事也有一种特殊的敏感,从《红高粱家族》到《酒国》再到《檀香刑》等作品都有暴力元素的呈现,文章主要立足于《红高粱家族》这部长篇小说,通过对暴力描写的分析,探究其背后丰富而深刻的意义和美学内涵。     

网络暴力事件特征分析及防范策略

网络暴力事件是指大量隐匿的＂网中人＂群体,借助现实或网络当中某个真实或虚无的事端,在有组织或自发的状态下,进行非理性表达或集群并走向暴力,对相关＂当事人＂或社会造成不良后果。本文以2006年以来发生在中文互联网的＂铜须＂、＂虐猫＂、＂陈易＂、＂意卢＂等事件为案例,分析网络暴力事件的表现特征,提出防范策略。     

Helping Young Children to Delay Gratification

The ability to delay gratification (DG) in young children is vital to their later development. Such ability should be taught as early as possible. One hundred kindergartners (Mean age = 6.11), randomly assigned to three groups; a, labeling: received the treatment of being labeled as “patient” kids; b, story-telling: were read a story about the patient antagonist rewarded double gifts, while the impulsive character got only one same reward; c, control: received no treatment. Under the DG task of Ball-Moving Activity, the ANOVA results showed the children in labeling group delayed longer (M = 13.23 m) than the control one (M = 11.25 m), showed marginal significant difference at p = .06, medium effect size magnitude at η² = .06. No significant mean differences were found between the story-telling (M = 12.68 m) and the control group, though the story-telling group delayed more than 1 min longer than their counterparts. Sex differences on the task are also discussed.     

对准抢劫罪中暴力的理解——从与普通抢劫罪暴力的比较出发

司法实践中对于准抢劫罪的“当场使用暴力”中的暴力性质和强度等的界定存在不同看法。对暴力性质的界定,争议之处在于准抢劫罪的暴力是否等同于抢劫罪的暴力;对于暴力的强度。争议之处在于准抢劫罪的暴力是否与普通抢劫罪的暴力的强度相同。笔者按照刑法第269条属于目的犯的精神．对“暴力”的性质、强度、时间、主体以及对象进行分析,在此基础上提出界定暴力的新视角。     

Dispositions Toward Families and Family Involvement: Supporting Preservice Teacher Development

This article highlights the importance of nurturing preservice teachers as they develop the dispositions essential to establish empowering relationships with children’s families. The authors identify and describe several key dispositions necessary for working with families and offer suggestions for ways that these elements might be integrated into early childhood teacher preparation programs.     

不同类型青少年的校园暴力行为与父母教养方式的关系

目的:探讨不同类型青少年的校园暴力行为与其父母教养方式的关系。方法:采用青少年校园暴力问卷和父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)对346名普通中学、工读中学、少管所的青少年施测。结果:父母教养方式中的严厉与惩罚、过分干涉与保护、拒绝与否认、偏爱被试与被试的校园暴力倾向均呈显著正相关(P<0.001);父母教养方式中的情感温暖和理解与被试的校园暴力倾向的相关均不显著(P>0.05);不同类型青少年在校园暴力行为及其父母教养方式上有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:不同类型青少年的校园暴力行为各有不同,其父母教养方式也各有不同;父母的教养方式会影响孩子的校园暴力行为。     

Prior Sexual Victimization and Disclosure of Campus Sexual Violence Among College Students

Using survey data from a large, public university, the authors examined the relationships of precollege sexual violence experience to revictimization and disclosure. Among victims of campus sexual violence, those with prior sexual victimization were no more or less likely to disclose to campus resources and were less likely to disclose to peers. Results suggest that institutions need to be prepared to support students with a range of victimization experiences. There is also a need for earlier and expanded sexual violence education and awareness efforts.