Modeling the process of summary writing of Chinese learners of English as a foreign language

In language learning contexts, writing tasks that involve reading of source texts are often used to elicit more authentic integrative language use. Thus, interests in researching these read-to-write tasks in general and as assessment tasks keep growing. This study examined and modeled the process of summary writing as a read-to-write integrated task. Data of test-taking process were collected from 94 Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners who completed two summarization tasks. Seven students first completed the tasks while thinking aloud their mental process. The researcher observed their test-taking process and conducted post-test interviews to learn more about how they completed the tasks. Participants’ verbal reports were coded into mental moves, which were then grouped according to their purposes. These formed the basis for identifying the processes and sub-stages participants followed while completing the tasks. Based on the analysis of the think-aloud, observation, and interview data, a questionnaire was developed containing items specifying the processes task takers went through. The questionnaire was completed by the remaining 87 participants to test the generalizability of the findings. A process model of summarization was constructed subsequently. The implications of the study are discussed with reference to construct validity of summarization tasks, EFL writing instruction and assessment.     

Investigation of learners' perceptions for video summarization and recommendation

Recently, multimedia-based learning is widespread in educational settings. A number of studies investigate how to develop effective techniques to manage a huge volume of video sources, such as summarization and recommendation. However, few studies examine how these techniques affect learners' perceptions in multimedia learning systems. This article aims to examine learners' perceptions for summarization and recommendation, with an emphasis on the perspective of prior experience. In this study, we developed a multimedia content summarization and recommendation system, which can automatically extract summaries from raw video sources and recommend suitable video content to learners through emails. The results demonstrate that learners' prior experience and preferences for the presentation of document types affect their perceptions, including the enhancement of interests, the ease of information acquisition and the intention for the further use of the system. Finally, the findings are applied to develop a framework that can support for the design of multimedia learning systems.     

从新制度社会学视角看美国大学终身教职后评估的制度构建

本文从新制度社会学视角论述美国大学终身教职后评估三个层面的制度构建:社会规范层面由美国大学教授协会(AAUP)发布的文件、报告形成的非强制性制度,与立法机构、其他部门制定的实施政策形成的强制性制度构成;社会关系层面在以政府为主的外部社会力量、学校管理阶层以及部分教师的支持与美国大学教授协会的认可下进行构建;文化-认知层面通过坚持学术自由,完善而非否定终身教职制度两大策略进行构建。     

STEM Education Related Dissertation Abstracts: A Bounded Qualitative Meta-study

This article utilizes a bounded qualitative meta-study framework to examine the 101 dissertation abstracts found by searching the ProQuest Dissertation and Theses? digital database for dissertations abstracts from 1990 through 2010 using the search terms education, science, technology, engineer, and STEM/SMET. Professional search librarians established the search criteria used to establish the database. The overarching research question for this study was: What can we learn from the examination of doctoral dissertations abstracts that focus on the STEM education found from 1990 through 2010? The study??s findings provide an overview of doctoral research related to STEM education and the discussion section focuses on quality of abstracts, questions regarding the use of the pipeline metaphor, and location of instructional innovation.     

The Growth of Knowledge and the Discursive Gap

This article raises the question of the character of Bernstein's theory. It draws upon a set of key concepts elaborated in some of his later papers, although we suggest that it is possible to discern the origins of these ideas in much earlier work. In the first section, Bernstein's diagnosis of the sociology of education as a horizontal knowledge structure with a weak grammar is discussed and an apparent paradox identified: if the sociology of education has this form, how can we account for Bernstein's own theory? The remainder of the paper uses the case of Bernstein's own work as a way of exploring the conditions for knowledge growth in sociology as a vertical knowledge structure with a strong grammar.     

基于分类学实践考察的物种概念

物种概念的讨论,归根到底是理论形式如何在分类学实践中运作的问题。非本质主义的物种概念摒弃了经典分类学中的本质主义预设,用共同属性解释了分类学与进化论的逻辑矛盾,更为符合分类学实践的工作机制,为现代分类学的发展提供了必要前提。在物种概念多元论的基础上,整合适用于不同实践环节的合理性要素,进而在实践层面上建立一种多维度的可操作性概念。这种概念不再寻求同一性标准,强调时空约束性,将更有利于指导发现自然实体和构建分类系统。     

远程教育交互理论和实践研究的发展

交互性是社会学研究的一个重要范畴，也是教育领域十分关注的一个概念。对交互思想的演化以及远程教育中的交互理论和实践研究的发展进行系统的阐述，有利于当前开展的网上远程教育交互理论的研究。     

Global interconnectedness and multiculturalism in undergraduate sociology courses in the USA

This study attempts to explain a process of inserting global transnational elements into an undergraduate sociology course. After a review of global themes covered in introductory sociology textbooks, the author administered two projects (Global Multiculturalism and Sociology of Wal-Mart) in an undergraduate sociology course. The current study reports the techniques used within these projects called the Multi-Phase Class Activity of Globalisation (MUPCAG) model used in General Sociology classes, student reactions related to them, and the significance of the projects in terms of teaching and learning. The MUPCAG model was to enhance students’ understanding of global multiculturalism and interconnectedness, in particular, students’ critical thinking about the issues of globalisation. It was observed that students showed more flexible and diverse approaches when exposed to concrete concepts, such as commodity chain, global city and global intersection in class discussion.     

身份认同与身份建构研究评析

身份是社会学研究中的一个重要概念,它与类别、角色等概念相联系,揭示的是生活在社会中的个体与社会的关系。本文梳理了身份—认同(identity)概念的发展脉络。对目前关于身份—认同研究的重要理论——社会认同理论的研究进行了评述。     

语文高效课堂的构建例析

结合教学经验,从课前准备、预习交流、再次阅读、文章结构梳理、带着问题深入学习以及归纳总结形成完整认知等教学环节分析了如何构建语文高效课堂。     

Reconceptualizing Staff Development for Technology Diffusion

ABSTRACT

As educators are increasingly required to integrate new technology into classroom practice, the complex process of staff development becomes critical to the successful implementation of new technological innovations. This paper presents a staff development model for effectively diffusing technology. The interactive model, grounded within the framework of Maslow's theory of motivation and Bloom's taxonomy of the cognitive domain, illustrates how affective needs of individuals influence cognitive processes and transfer of skills within a psychological/social context resistant to technological change.     

科学认识的社会性——科学知识社会学的一种认识论解读

科学知识社会学从哲学关注的认识论为切人点,以倡导科学认识的社会性取代传统认识论,将科学的认识过程纳入具体的社会与境中,提出科学认识是在社会运行中展开和完成的。因此,有必要在科学认识的社会性层面考察科学知识如何在社会与境中建构、科学知识如何进行社会转译以及科学知识社会学所倡导的科学认识的社会特性如何超越认知个体主义。     

通用本体学习框架研究

提出了一种通用本体学习框架GOLF,通过对网络上各专业领域web文档集进行挖掘来实现本体自动构建,讨论了本体学习中本体概念的抽取、概念之间语义关系的抽取和分类体系的自动构建等关键技术,通过实验对算法进行了测试,并对本体评价方法进行了探讨.由于集成了多种机器学习算法,该方法在概念抽取和语义关系学习方面具有更高的准确性.采用通用本体WordNet和HowNet作为语料库,它可适用于不同的专业领域.同时,通过按需获取web文档,该方法能实时生成本体.     

Putting threshold concepts to work in health sciences: insights for curriculum design from a qualitative research synthesis

The idea of threshold concepts (TC) has been well received across the higher education community. However the concept’s framework is still evolving and the literature uses the framework in different ways. Just over a decade since the idea first captured interest, it is opportune to explore the nature of that discourse, and the kinds of enquiry undertaken to date. This article reports on a qualitative synthesis that analyses published research on TC in health sciences. It provides a fresh perspective on the literature to identify key themes. Inducting students into complex practices; beyond concepts and developing students’ agency, are the three themes to arise from our findings. These themes offer insights on the ways TC have been used to develop scholarly curriculum, teaching and learning practices. They not only reflect the concerns of the community, but represent a set of empirically based principles for curriculum and course design.     

Learning computer science concepts with Scratch

Scratch is a visual programming environment that is widely used by young people. We investigated if Scratch can be used to teach concepts of computer science (CS). We developed learning materials for middle-school students that were designed according to the constructionist philosophy of Scratch and evaluated them in a few schools during two years. Tests were constructed based upon a novel combination of the revised Bloom taxonomy and the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome taxonomy. These instruments were augmented with qualitative tools, such as observations and interviews. The results showed that students could successfully learn important concepts of CS, although there were problems with some concepts such as repeated execution, variables, and concurrency. We believe that these problems can be overcome by modifications to the teaching process that we suggest.     

The assessment of work integrated learning: Symptoms of personal change

Work placements are an accepted part of academic curricula. In order to assess their value it is important to clearly identify what such programs offer that is different from existing courses. It is also necessary to develop assessment instruments that take their unique features into account. This analysis, which must be seen as a work-in-progress, advances a number of propositions about experiential learning and then uses them as a framework to establish criteria for evaluating student work. These criteria emphasise experiential learnings and the way academic concepts are applied in the field as individuals move from students to novice professionals.