Race And Ethnicity: Powerful Cultural Forecasters Of Science Learning And Performance

This article addresses the impact of race and ethnicity on students' science learning in US schools. Specifically, it discusses (a) the constructs of race, ethnicity, and culture, and the racial and ethnic student composition in US public schools; (b) effective classroom practices for curriculum, instruction, and assessment related to race and ethnicity; and (c) future policy and practice regarding race and ethnicity in science education. We discuss the science learning and teaching of African American, Latino, and Asian American students. Even though Asian American students are viewed as the model minority, some struggle with science learning, because their languages and cultures are seen as hurdles. As there is little defendable science education research related to Native Americans at the precollege level, we remain silent in this area.     

Gifted native American students: Underperforming,under‐identified,and overlooked

There has been limited focus among researchers on the nature and needs of gifted Native American students in the past 30 years, and the work that has been done frequently generalizes findings across Native American cultures. This article reviews recent literature on Native American youth and on gifted Native American students; examines the current condition of education in the Diné (Navajo) Nation through a sociocultural motivation lens and based on work with one tribal community on this reservation; calls researchers and educators to action and to recognize that, as with all ethnic groups, many individual cultures exist within Native American populations; and offers suggestions for education personnel. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The scientific method,Nintendo, and Eagle feathers: Rethinking the meaning of "culture-based" curriculum at an Ojibwe tribal school

In this article, the author analyzes the assumptions people make about culture and curriculum and asks what prevents the idea of culture-based curriculum from making radical changes in Native American schooling. She attributes the segregation of "culture" from "academic" curriculum to an internalization of colonial structures. In this scenario, "culture-based" (Native American)curriculum is superimposed on a curriculum that is already based in culture (Western European.) She discusses some of the ways a static notion of culture is played out at one tribal school and what the implications of these hegemonic practices are. Further, she discusses some classroom practices that refuse an essentialist definition of "Ojibwe" culture as a basis for curriculum and instead act to engage students in the process of making meaning in their classroom. It is suggested that by thinking of culture as creating relationships and meaning, we shall be able to move beyond the destructive dichotomy that associates intellectual rigor with Whiteness.     

(Re)location of Home in Louise Erdrich’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">The Game of Silence</Emphasis>

Louise Erdrich is one of the most influential writers of the Native American Renaissance. Her contributions to the representation of Native American history have been great, and her masterpieces of children’s literature have won her a prominent reputation. This article explores the (re)location of the concept of home in Erdrich’s The Game of Silence and analyzes the novel’s historical context with reference to various discourses on space/place, including those by Native Americans. Erdrich’s narration reconstructs a space for Native American culture, religion and tradition, and for the continued survival of Native American people. She represents the silent history of her ancestors’ displacement to the West, as white settlers encroached upon their beloved homeland. As Erdrich’s work so poignantly illustrates, for Native American people, home is nowhere and anywhere.     

Silence as Weapons: Transformative Praxis among Native American Students in the Urban Southwest

This article explores the benefits of verbal conflicts—contested storied spaces—in a Native American literature classroom composed of a multi-tribal and multicultural urban student body. Students in this course engage in whole-class verbal discussions focusing on contemporary and historical issues concerning Native American tribes and communities. Often these conversations focus on issues of oppression, colonization, and the unjust treatment of people of color. This article discusses the ways silence has been interpreted as a deficiency within standard schooling, then moves toward a view of silence as engaging, rich in identity construction, and filled with agency. Specifically, students who appeared to be silent during verbal exchanges in whole-class discussions were very much engaged and critical of the conversation, challenging dominant perceptions of silence as detrimental to education and learning. The conversations, herein, occurred within an ethnic studies course in a state that has banned the teaching of ethnic studies. Federal law protects Native American students from such dangerous legislation.     

Centering indigenous college student voices and perspectives through photovoice and photo-elicitation

Using arts-based inquiry and drawing on photovoice, photo-elicitation and visual narrative, in this study we explore how Native American college students experience space and place at the University of New Mexico, a large, research-extensive university in the Southwestern United States. The objective of this study is to more clearly understand how Native American students view their educational environment. Student perspectives will be framed through an artistic inquiry coming directly from the students and their interpretations of space, place, and community. This study is designed to ultimately inform the institution, local tribal communities, and the existing body of research on how participants viewed their college-going experience in relation to space and place, and how we might more adequately serve Native American college students. Initial findings indicate the critical importance of cultural centers, houses, and designated cultural spaces for Native American students, as indicated in the literature. Though Native students may experience struggles and successes similar to other student groups within the context of higher education, it is critical that student affairs professionals, administrators, faculty, and other educational leaders acknowledge how discourses of colonialism and genocide inform higher educational spaces, as well as the experience of Native American college students.     

美国高校商务交际课程解析及其启示

通过解析美国高校商务交际课程的内容设计、教学方式特点以及教学管理制度,提出该课程的教学模式对我国商务英语教学改革具有一定的启发意义,尤其是学生书面交际能力和文化素养的有效培养途径,网络辅助教学和课外学习辅导中心的创新运用模式以及生生互评、师生互评的独特运作方式三个方面非常值得我们借鉴和学习。     

美国大学招生录取标准评析

文章主要评析美国不同类型、不同层次高校招生标准的多样化体系,以及选择性招生大学的综合性录取标准和美国高校招收黑人等少数族裔群体的特殊政策。     

Suggested graduating exercises for an agricultural high school

In this article, we discuss the development of a new higher education phenomena within the United States-tribal colleges and universities (TCUs). The article highlights how these institutions have dramatically changed the higher education realm for American Indians and Alaska Natives in just the short time span of 30 years. A historical overview of TCUs portrays the growth of the TCU movement from previous externally imposed Indian education efforts that failed to meet the needs of students. Selected institutional portraits demonstrate the intersections between culture and community as tribal communities create and control their own institutions of higher education. These intersections are further illuminated through examination of broad TCU curricular functions. Successes and challenges experienced by Native teacher preparation programs nationally, as well as a case study of curriculum development for a specific Native teacher preparation program, provide further insight into how community members identify their own educational needs and develop programs that are specifically tailored to meet those needs. The article concludes that TCUs are promoting a new mindset that is leading to renewed economic, social, political, cultural, and spiritual vitality through education. As a consequence, American Indian people are hopeful about regaining their greatness in America with TCUs leading the way.     

Native american related materials in elementary science instruction

The low achievement of Native American students, as measured by standardized tests, results from a number of factors, including the lack of cultural relevance of curriculum materials used in their instruction. Using a pretest–posttest control group design, Native American students in Bureau of Indian Affairs schools in Grades 4–8 who were taught science using culturally relevant materials achieved significantly higher and displayed a significantly more positive attitude toward Native Americans and science than comparable students who were taught science without the culturally relevant materials. It is suggested that when educators of Native Americans teach science, they should use materials that incorporate frequent reference to Native Americans and science.     

The Four Directions

This article presents the Native American cultural symbol, the Four Directions, as a sign that is culturally evident and inter‐tribally significant. Through understanding the significance of the symbol, a deeper understanding is possible for non‐Natives, especially an understanding of the Native Americans' relationship between their artwork and their culture. It will be argued that through a deeper understanding and cultural saturation by non‐Natives that cultural misinformation can be reduced. Even though the article makes no attempt to define a culture, community, or person, cultural groups are presented through image and story.     

从高语境和低语境文化视角浅析英汉句型结构

语言和文化有着密切的关系,语言的产生和发展使人类文化得以产生和传承,同时文化在词汇的发展和使用,讲话规则,篇章结构文体风格等方面也影响着语言。在文化领域的研究中,Edward T.Hall从感知和交流方面研究文化之间的异同,历史性的提出文化具有语境性,根据交流中所传达的意义是来自交流的场合还是来自交流的语言将文化分为高语境和低语境,其中认为中国文化是典型的高语境文化,美国文化是典型的低语境文化。本文则试图从高语境和低语境文化的视角出发,来分析英汉句型结构的差异。同时,解析造成这种差异的深层原因。     

解析美国文化价值观及其对中国大学生的影响

在全球经济一体化发展背景下,美国的生活方式、交往方式、道德观以及价值观也随着其文化信息向中国传递,影响着中国大学生的行为方式和思想观念,在一定程度上出现了＂美国化＂现象。文章通过分析美国文化价值观的特点、美国主流文化的构成因素及其对中国大学生的影响,提出对美国文化在中国传播的应对策略。     

The Cluster Grouping Handbook: How to Challenge Gifted Students and Improve Achievement for All. Winebrenner,S., & Brulles,D. (2008)

After over two decades of discussions regarding the identification of giftedness among non‐traditional populations in the United States, the issues remain the same. Many students continue to be under represented in programs for the gifted because of traditional assessment instruments used to identify gifted students. Moreover, the sociocultural influences on giftedness still have not been integrated into the identifying process. This article presents the efforts of a project responding to the need for culturally relevant alternatives to present assessment practices in the identification of giftedness among the rural Mexican American population in the southwest United States.     

Improving Cross-Cultural Effectiveness of Counselor Trainees

This article describes a training program called the Ethnic Student Training Group (ESTG), a process that helps university counseling center staff learn how to counsel students from ethnic groups more effectively. The members consist primarily of counseling center practicum and intern trainees and counseling center staff psychologists. Members of ESTG represent a variety of culturally diverse backgrounds (i.e., Hispanic, Black, Asian, Native American, and Jewish American). Members gain knowledge and skills by participating in numerous training activities including case presentations, brief lectures on cross-cultural issues, and counseling ethnic students.     

刍议中国学生英语写作中母语负迁移现象

中国学生在学习英语的过程中受到母语的干扰,其效果常常是负向的,即汉语负迁移现象。母语迁移特别是母语的负迁移涉及到二语或外语学习的方方面面：从词汇到语法;从句子到篇章;从思维到文化。文章拟从以上几个方面探讨汉语负迁移对中国学生英语写作的影响。     

‘I am exhausted:’ everyday occurrences of being Native American

Abstract

In this study, I used small stories narrative and Indigenous methodology to understand the everyday occurrences of Native American students and to highlight the complex relationship between their identity, their sense of belonging in graduate school, and their view of education. The experiences of the participants were marked by two things: the experience of ongoing colonization and the experience of defending Native identity. By focusing on the small narrative stories of their everyday experiences, my research illustrates how ongoing colonialization creates situations where students need to defend their identities. Not only is small stories research one way to avoid some of the more essentialist problems of grand narratives, it provides one possible way to move forward and to demonstrate and deconstruct the problematic power structures in higher education that prevent Native American students from accessing equity.     

影响听力理解的文化因素及教学对策

中国学生学习英语时,影响他们听力理解的因素是多方面的。词汇量不足,对某些语言结构没有完全掌握或对英美文化缺乏一定的认识,这些都会对他们听懂英语造成障碍。本文从语言与文化的关系入手,主要通过分析听力理解中的教学实例,说明文化因素对听力理解造成的障碍及提出一些相应的教学对策。     

Spirits in the Material World: Ecocentrism in Native American Culture and Louise Erdrich’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chickadee</Emphasis>

In the face of the worldwide ecological crisis, ecocriticism, “the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment” as “an earth-centered approach to literary studies” has become an important part of contemporary literary theory (Glotfelty in The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology, 1996, p. xviii). Since many traditional Native American lifestyles were based on ecological or ecocentric thinking—the need to live in harmony with the natural world—scholars have turned to the Native American literature that shares this ecocentric focus, which includes writing by Chickasaw poet Linda Hogan, Acoma Pueblo poet Simon Ortiz, and Laguna Pueblo novelist Paula Gunn Allen, among others. Native American children’s literature has been less examined. Even the acclaimed poet and novelist Louise Erdrich, one of the best-known authors of the second wave of the Native American Renaissance, has received less academic attention for her children’s books. This article aims to explore ecocentrism in Erdrich’s award-winning children’s book Chickadee (2012), the fourth book in her Birchbark House series, consulting discourses on ecocentrism and anthropocentrism, the importance of children’s literature in education, as well as the significance of animals and shamanism in Chickadee, placing the book within the context of traditional Native American culture.     

African–American Mentoring Program (AAMP): addressing the cracks in the graduate education pipeline

In this conceptual article, we focus on mentoring as a strategy to mend the cracks in the education pipeline for African American graduate students. Our article highlights the African American Mentoring Program (AAMP) model and examines the unique methods it uses to support the retention and graduation of African American graduate students from a university and their transition to the workforce. AAMP operates from a Transitional Cultural Framework and strives to bridge the gap between the students’ culture and the culture of the university. AAMP’s uniqueness is harnessed in its deep roots in culture, history, collectivism, and inter-generational sharing of knowledge. We end with implications and recommendations for universities and future research.