Distributed Scaffolding: Scaffolding Students in Classroom Environments

Educational Psychology Review - This paper traces the origins of the scaffolding construct, placing it in its theoretical-historical context. The paper discusses the connection between...     

在写作实践中提高电大大专学生的写作水平

电大大专学生的写作水平普遍偏低,其原因主要有两个,一个是平时不注意积累写作材料,另一个是缺少写作实践练习.解决问题的关键是实践,在生活实践中注意写作材料的积累,在写作实践中提高写作水平.     

促进学习的认知工具

本文在Ｊｏｎａｓｓｅｎ介绍了认知工具的定义及其应用,Ｋｏｍｍｅｒｓ,Ｍａｙｅｓ等对认知工具进行了界定的基础上,分析认知工具及其与学习的关系,以及认知工具与建构学习的功能。     

CET-4写作教学中学生认知语用能力的构建

该文探讨了影响学生CET-4写作提高的原因。并从认知语用学的语用模块、认知语境以及语用照应和推理方面进行分析如何在写作教学中构建学生的认知语用能力,寻求提高学生英语水平和CET-4写作水平的途径。     

认知风格对英语阅读及写作的影响——以计算机本科二年级学生为例

场独立／场依存作为认知风格的核心,是影响二语习得的重要因素之一。对非英语专业学习者的认知风格测试发现：在非英语专业学生中,确实存在认知风格差异,并且此差异会对学生的阅读理解成绩产生一定的影响,但对写作成绩的影响不大。因此在英语教学中,教师应充分了解学生的认知风格,并采取相应的匹配教学策略,以达到事半功倍的教学效果。     

支架理论在SAT写作教学中的应用

SAT考试是中国高中生留学美国,获得奖学金的重要考试。然而其写作部分是多数学生面临的困境。运用支架理论于这一特殊的写作教学中,能够改进教学方法,提高学生的书面表达能力。     

支架式教学模式在大学英语写作中的应用

支架式教学是建构主义理论指导下的一种教学模式。将支架式教学运用于大学英语写作课堂,可以让学生树立对写作的兴趣和信心,有效地提高英语写作水平。主要介绍支架式教学的内涵和在英语写作课堂教学中应用的基本环节,以及该模式对大学英语写作教学的启示。     

大学英语写作课支架式教学模式探究

支架式教学模式是建构主义教学模式之一。支架式教学强调根据"最临近发展区"建立概念框架,鼓励独立探索、协作学习和效果评价。本文结合支架式教学的特点,探索提高外语写作教学效果的新途径。     

支架式教学模式对英语写作教学的启示

支架式教学模式是建构主义教学模式之一,支架式教学模式及其在英语写作教学中的运用,可以降低学生英语写作中的困惑度,以及在写作过程中了解写作、学习写作和解决写作问题的作用。     

Supporting Teacher Learning and Informed Practice in Writing through Assessment Tools for Teaching and Learning

This paper concerns teacher learning. It describes the impact on teacher knowledge and reported practice of working with diagnostic assessment tools for writing. These tools were specifically designed with a dual purpose: to provide diagnostic information about students to guide teaching for enhanced learning outcomes and also to develop teacher understanding about features of, and developmental progressions in, writing. We describe the features of the tools which facilitate teacher learning. Then we present three small‐scale studies conducted during and after development of the tools to explore their impact. Discussion focuses on teachers' reports of their learning about writing and how working with the assessment tools impacted a range of teaching practices.     

Word Prediction Programs with Phonetic Spelling Support: Performance Comparisons and Impact on Journal Writing for Students with Writing Difficulties

This investigation examined the effects of currently available word prediction software programs that support phonetic/inventive spelling on the quality of journal writing by six students with severe writing and/or spelling difficulties in grades three through six during a month‐long summer writing program. A changing conditions single‐subject research design was used and replicated across the participants. Using a daily writing prompt, students alternated between Co:Writer, WordQ, and WriteAssist word prediction programs. The results provided evidence for the effectiveness of various word prediction programs over word processing, and demonstrated improvements in spelling accuracy across conditions. Relative gains in the total number of words and composition rate were modest for the majority of the participants and should be interpreted with caution due to several methodological issues. The social validity interviews revealed that all students enjoyed the word prediction programs and found them beneficial. Study limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.     

工科数学培养学生创新能力的探索与实践

从工科数学教学的角度讨论了学生创新能力的培养。对教学方法、教学内容和教学手段等方面进行了有益的尝试和探讨,提出了工科数学教学与创新人才培养的教学改革思路。     

Procedural Facilitators and Cognitive Strategies: Tools for Unraveling the Mysteries of Comprehension and the Writing Process,and for Providing Meaningful Access to the General Curriculum

A solid, emerging research base exists to inform how we provide meaningful access to the general education curriculum for students with learning disabilities (LD). For example, the presentation of challenging content to academically diverse learners can be demystified using content enhancement techniques. Additionally, a range of strategies can be taught to enhance reading comprehension and expressive writing abilities. Examples from several lines of research in comprehension and writing are used to highlight the underlying features of these empirically based approaches and to introduce the reader to the history of this expanding body of research.     

Imagination and the Cognitive Tools of Place-Making

In environmental and ecological education, a rich literature builds on the premise that place, the local natural context in which one lives, can be an emotionally engaging context for learning and the source of life-long concern for nature. A theory of imaginative education can help uncover new tools and strategies for place-based educators. Conversely, a focus on the imaginative dimensions of place-making sheds new light on the nature of imaginative development, with important implications for educational theory and practice.     

Encouraging Primary Students’ Writing through Children’s Literature

Children benefit in many ways from actively engaging in high quality children's literature, and picture books provide a natural avenue to motivate and encourage students' writing. Shared book experiences in small or large group settings can lead to meaningful writing discussions and applications. Picture books serve as exemplars of the six qualities of effective writing (ideas, organization, voice, word choice, sentence fluency, and conventions) and provide a scaffold for students to incorporate these writing attributes in their original compositions. When primary students' writing is inspired by high-quality picture books and shared with peers, children benefit academically and socially.     

支架式教学在大学英语写作教学中的应用

作为一种书面表达思想感情的交际活动,英语写作始终是大学英语教学的重点和难点。支架式教学因其强调以学习者为中心的设计理念而备受关注。基于写前、写际和写后三阶段写作模式,探讨支架式教学在大学英语写作教学中的具体应用。     

Journal Writing with Web 2.0 Tools: A Vision for Older Adults

This article describes how Web 2.0 technologies may facilitate journaling and related inquiry methods among older adults. Benefits and limitations of journaling are summarized as well as computer skills of older adults. We then describe how Web 2.0 technologies can enhance journaling among older adults by diminishing feelings of isolation, promoting collaboration, establishing learning communities that overcome physical boundaries, and facilitating storage and dissemination of resources. The article concludes by identifying several factors that must be anticipated when using these technologies and provides ideas to overcome privacy, access, and posthumous management.     

Building Inclusive Language Classroom Spaces through Multilingual Writing Practices for Newly-Arrived Students in Norway

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an action research project that aimed to increase opportunities for multilingual literacy engagement and identity investment for newly-arrived immigrant students in Norway. A language teacher and a researcher jointly developed a cross-curricular, multilingual module focusing on identity texts written in three languages: English, Norwegian, and each student's home language. Fourteen adolescent students speaking 15 different home languages participated. To assess the effectiveness of the multilingual pedagogical practices, the data collected included a language use questionnaire, student reflection logs, students’ identity texts, lesson plans, and the teacher's notes and reflections. The results suggest that explicit emphasis on including all languages in students’ linguistic repertories can help build inclusive classroom spaces and foster learners’ multilingual identities.     

Determinants of Dyadic Scaffolding and Cognitive Outcomes in First Graders

Objective. The purposes of this study were to identify mother, child, and dyadic determinants of effective mother–child collaboration and to determine the impact of this collaboration on children's cognitive development. Design. Ninety-two mother–child dyads from the Massachusetts site of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development participated in a site-specific, home-based instructional task through which they were assessed for scaffolding effectiveness. Cognitive characteristics of both mothers and children, as well as dyadic characteristics from infancy, were examined as predictors of effective dyadic scaffolding when the children were in 1st grade. In addition, concurrent cognitive capabilities of the children were regressed on scaffolding while controlling for earlier cognitive test scores. Results. Mothers' verbal intelligence and children's mental development, as well as shared sensitivity, predicted the effectiveness of scaffolding collaborations, which in turn uniquely predicted cognitive capabilities of the children. Conclusions. Effective mother–child scaffolding is a function of individual mother and child characteristics, as well as the nature of the mother–child relationship; scaffolding predicts children's cognitive outcomes.     

大学生怎样写学术论文

本文从学术论文的基本要求，论文题目的确定，如何收集和积累资料，论文的撰写以及撰写论文的注意事项等五个方面探讨了学术论文的撰写，对初学写学术论文的大学生具有一定的指导意义。