Influence of blood specimen collection method on various preanalytical sample quality indicators

Preanalytical errors contribute to a large proportion of total laboratory errors. In order to achieve continuous laboratory improvement, it is important to focus on all phases of patient specimen testing i.e. preanalytical, analytical and post-analytical. With large variations in the way venous blood specimens are collected using diverse devices in the country, the effect of such practices on specimen quality is not known. The purpose of this study was to monitor fourteen specimen preanalytical quality indicators in order to compare the usage of evacuated blood collection devices with needle and syringe open collection using either disposable tubes or re-washed glass vials. The study involved 26638 patient specimens assessed over a period of 6 months. The results demonstrated that evacuated closed blood collection resulted in an approximate 100-fold reduction in the incidence of hemolysis in samples. Similarly, there was a 200-fold reduction in incidence of insufficient specimen quantity while using evacuated collection system. It was also found that incidence of specimen contamination, improper volume of sample collected, and specimen spillage was also lower when the evacuated collection system was used. Further, it was also observed that the facility with a laboratory information system demonstrated much lower specimen identification and related errors. The observed results clearly demonstrate that the usage of the evacuated blood collection system resulted in improvement of preanalytical specimen quality as compared to needle and syringe usage.     

优秀课堂教学质量奖量化评价方法的研究

科学准确地评价教学质量既能为学校管理层提供教师教学的可靠信息,也能激发老师本人不断改进教学方法。本研究从教师素质、教学态度、教学内容、教学方法以及教学效果等五个方面为观察点,提出同行量化评教的办法。同时结合学生评教的结果,综合评选出优秀课堂教学质量奖。还提出了提高课堂教学质量的建议。     

高等学校毕业生质量模糊综合评价方法

针对我国高等教育大众化和高校普遍扩招、人们日益关注高校毕业生质量的情况,从内外两个角度构建了一套高校毕业生的评价指标体系,通过层次分析法和模糊综合评价方法相结合,提出一种高等教育投资后评估的模糊综合方法。     

水质模糊评价模型中赋权方法的选择

以查干湖监测数据为例,对其进行模糊综合评价.分别利用主成分分析法、污染超标赋权法和层次分析法确定权重,并对不同赋权方法得出的权重值与评价等级进行比较分析.结果表明,主成分赋权法对权重值的确定能如实反映每一个评价因子在整个环境中的重要性;污染超标赋权法对污染较重的因子赋予较高的权重;层次分析赋权法受主观影响较大.     

CSSCI收录对期刊稿源质量提升效应的多期双重差分研究

【目的】 研究CSSCI收录对期刊稿源质量的提升效应及长期影响。【方法】 基于2008—2018年100种社会科学期刊的面板数据构建多期双重差分模型,计算分析CSSCI收录对稿件第一作者单位科研水平、基金资助比例情况的影响。【结果】 CSSCI收录能够显著提高第一单位为一流大学或高水平研究机构以及具有国家级基金资助论文的比例;CSSCI收录对期刊稿源质量提升具有长期动态效应,但对不同指标的影响存在一定差异,其中对于基金资助比例的长期影响更为显著。【结论】 在进行平行趋势检验和核心变量滞后一期处理后,发现所得结论稳健可信,并从完善期刊评价体系、提高期刊审稿标准等角度给出提升期刊稿源质量的建议。     

The effect of red blood cell aggregation on velocity and cell-depleted layer characteristics of blood in a bifurcating microchannel

Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation is a multifaceted phenomenon, and whether it is generally beneficial or deleterious remains unclear. In order to better understand its effect on microvascular blood flow, the phenomenon must be studied in complex geometries, as it is strongly dependent on time, flow, and geometry. The cell-depleted layer (CDL) which forms at the walls of microvessels has been observed to be enhanced by aggregation; however, details of the characteristics of the CDL in complex regions, such as bifurcations, require further investigation. In the present study, a microchannel with a T-junction was used to analyze the influence of aggregation on the flow field and the CDL. Micro-PIV using RBCs as tracers provided high resolution cell velocity data. CDL characteristics were measured from the same data using a newly developed technique based on motion detection. Skewed and sharpened velocity profiles in the daughter branches were observed, contrary to the behavior of a continuous Newtonian fluid. RBC aggregation was observed to increase the skewness, but decrease the sharpening, of the velocity profiles in the daughter branches. The CDL width was found to be significantly greater, with a wider distribution, in the presence of aggregation and the mean width increased proportionally with the reciprocal of the fraction of flow entering the daughter branch. Aggregation also significantly increased the roughness of the interface between the CDL and the RBC core. The present results provide further insight into how RBC aggregation may affect the flow in complex geometries, which is of importance in both understanding its functions invivo, and utilizing it as a tool in microfluidic devices.     

The effects of different syringe volume, needle size and sample volume on blood gas analysis in syringes washed with heparin

Introductıon:

We evaluated the effect of different syringe volume, needle size and sample volume on blood gas analysis in syringes washed with heparin.

Materials and methods:

In this multi-step experimental study, percent dilution ratios (PDRs) and final heparin concentrations (FHCs) were calculated by gravimetric method for determining the effect of syringe volume (1, 2, 5 and 10 mL), needle size (20, 21, 22, 25 and 26 G) and sample volume (0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 mL). The effect of different PDRs and FHCs on blood gas and electrolyte parameters were determined. The erroneous results from nonstandardized sampling were evaluated according to RiliBAK’s TEa.

Results:

The increase of PDRs and FHCs was associated with the decrease of syringe volume, the increase of needle size and the decrease of sample volume: from 2.0% and 100 IU/mL in 10 mL-syringe to 7.0% and 351 IU/mL in 1 mL-syringe; from 4.9% and 245 IU/mL in 26G to 7.6% and 380 IU/mL in 20 G with combined 1 mL syringe; from 2.0% and 100 IU/mL in full-filled sample to 34% and 1675 IU/mL in 0.5 mL suctioned sample into 10 mL-syringe. There was no statistical difference in pH; but the percent decreasing in pCO₂, K⁺, iCa²⁺, iMg²⁺; the percent increasing in pO₂ and Na⁺ were statistical significance compared to samples full-filled in syringes. The all changes in pH and pO₂ were acceptable; but the changes in pCO₂, Na⁺, K⁺ and iCa²⁺ were unacceptable according to TEa limits except fullfilled-syringes.

Conclusions:

The changes in PDRs and FHCs due nonstandardized sampling in syringe washed with liquid heparin give rise to erroneous test results for pCO₂ and electrolytes.     

Impact of the phlebotomy training based on CLSI/NCCLS H03-A6 - procedures for the collection of diagnostic blood specimens by venipuncture.

Introduction:

The activities involving phlebotomy, a critical task for obtaining diagnostic blood samples, are poorly studied as regards the major sources of errors and the procedures related to laboratory quality control. The aim of this study was to verify the compliance with CLSI documents of clinical laboratories from South America and to assess whether teaching phlebotomists to follow the exact procedure for blood collection by venipuncture from CLSI/NCCLS H03-A6 - Procedures for the Collection of Diagnostic Blood Specimens by Venipuncture might improve the quality of the process.

Materials and methods:

A survey was sent by mail to 3674 laboratories from South America to verify the use of CLSI documents. Thirty skilled phlebotomists were trained with the CLSI H03-A6 document to perform venipuncture procedures for a period of 20 consecutive working days. The overall performances of the phlebotomists were further compared before and after the training program.

Results:

2622 from 2781 laboratories that did answer our survey used CLSI documents to standardize their procedures and process. The phlebotomists’ training for 20 days before our evaluation completely eliminated non-conformity procedures for: i) incorrect friction of the forearm, during the cleaning of the venipuncture site to ease vein location; ii) incorrect sequence of vacuum tubes collection; and iii) inadequate mixing of the blood in primary vacuum tubes containing anticoagulants or clot activators. Unfortunately the CLSI H03-A6 document does not caution against both unsuitable tourniquet application time (i.e., for more than one minute) and inappropriate request to clench the fist repeatedly. These inadequate procedures were observed for all phlebotomists.

Conclusion:

We showed that strict observance of the CLSI H03-A6 document can remarkably improve quality, although the various steps for collecting diagnostic blood specimens are not a gold standard, since they may still permit errors. Tourniquet application time and forearm clench should be verified by all quality laboratory managers in the services. Moreover, the procedure for collecting blood specimens should be revised to eliminate this source of laboratory variability and safeguard the quality.     

Influence of aerobic treadmill exercise on blood glucose homeostasis in noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients

The role of treadmill exercise on blood glucose homeostasis in noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were studied using males between age of 45 and 60 years (X-52), who were clinically and biochemically-confirmed cases of NIDDM were taken into study group. Control group comprised of 10 males between age group of 45 to 60 (X-53) years. All the subjects were assessed by physician and were investigated to confirm diabetic status. The whole study period was extended for 6 weeks. The significant decrease in postprandial blood sugar (44.4 mg% for the study group and 32.2mg% for the control group) with a significant inter group difference (P<0.05) was observed. The mean decrease in fasting blood sugar (39.4mg% for the study group and 27.4mg% for the control group), with a marginal inter group difference (P<0.05) was observed. The treadmill exercise was found to be a definite tool in addition to drug and diet in glycemic control.     

要充分发挥医学学术会议论文汇编的效用

针对当前存在争议的机体内种种压力量符号的两种表达方式，即：①使用英文名称缩写表示，②使用法定主符号p辅以下角标等附加符号来表示，作者阐述了机体内各种压力是同各量，而不是异种量；量符号书写应遵循使用单个拉丁或希腊字母，而非某种文字多个字母的缩写形式的基本原则，以英评议名称缩写作为各种 量符号可能引起不必要的沸乱等观点，建议人体内各种压力的量符号应以法定符号p辅以下角标等附加符号表达为宜。作者还粗略地统计到目前已测得数据的体内各种压力已达29类183种之多，并选择其中部分压力为例，写出了这些压力量符号的推荐     

Influence of pranayamas and yoga-asanas on serum insulin,blood glucose and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes

A distinguishable feature of type 2 diabetes besides hyperglycemia and deranged lipid profile is an impaired insulin secretion, peripheral insulin resistance and obesity which has become a major health concern worldwide. India with an estimated 31million diabetics in 2000 and 79mllions by the yr 2030 has the highest number of type 2 diabetics in the world. In this study, we aimed to see if yoga-asanas and pranayamas have any influence in modifying certain biochemical parameters. Sixty patients of uncomplicated type 2 diabetes (age 35–60 yrs of 1–10 yrs duration) were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=30): performed yoga along with the conventional hypoglycemic medicines and group 2 (n=30): patients who only received conventional medicines. Duration of the study was 45 days. Basal recordings of blood glucose (fasting and post-prandial), lipid profile and serum insulin were taken at the time of recruitment and the second reading after forty five days. Results showed a significant improvement in all the biochemical parameters in group 1 while group 2 showed significant improvement in only few parameters, thus suggesting a beneficial effect of yoga regimen on these parameters in diabetic patients.     

A study on the glucose uptake,pyruvate and lactate formation in red blood cells of normal,sickle cell trait and sickle cell patients

The rate of glucose consumption and pyruvate and lactate production in red blood cells of normal, sickle cell trait and SS disease subjects were measured. Glucose consumption was found to be increased significantly (p<0.05) in red cells of sickle cell patients than the sickle cell trait and normal persons. There was also an increased rate (p<0.05) of pyruvate formation and a significant (p<0.05) increase in lactate formation in sickle red cells.     

基于DEMATEL方法的微信用户满意度影响因素分析

[目的/意义]微信的广泛应用使得研究和分析如何提升用户的满意度具有重要的意义。[方法/过程]本文以期望确认理论为基础,附以技术接受模型以及补充要素理论构建微信用户满意度影响因素模型,应用DEMATEL方法对影响满意度的原因因素和结果因素进行了辨别分析。[结果/结论]微信用户满意度的主要影响因素包括：感知内容、感知有用性、感知易用性和感知审美等,而使用成本是驱动因素,起到了最关键的作用,并据此提出了提升微信满意度的具体措施。     

Influence of buoyancy-driven flow on mass transfer in a two-stream microfluidic channel: Introduction of cryoprotective agents into cell suspensions

A variety of methods have been used to introduce chemicals into a stream or to mix two or more streams of different compositions using microfluidic devices. In the following paper, the introduction of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) used during cryopreservation of cells in order to protect them from freezing injuries and increase viability post thaw is described. Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) is the most commonly used CPA. We aim to optimize the operating conditions of a two-stream microfluidic device to introduce a 10% vol/vol solution of DMSO into a cell suspension. Transport behavior of DMSO between two streams in the device has been experimentally characterized for a spectrum of flow conditions (0.7 < Re < 10), varying initial donor stream concentrations, (1% vol/vol < C_o < 15% vol/vol) and different flow rate fractions (0.23 < f_q < 0.77). The outlet cell stream concentration is analyzed for two different flow configurations: one with the cell stream flowing on top of the DMSO-rich donor stream, and the other with the cell stream flowing beneath the heavy DMSO-laden stream. We establish a transition from a diffusive mode of mass transfer to gravity-influenced convective currents for Atwood numbers (A_t) in the range of (1.7 × 10⁻³ < A_t < 3.1 × 10⁻³) for the latter configuration. Flow visualization with cells further our understanding of the effect of A_t on the nature of mass transport. Cell motion studies performed with Jurkat cells confirm a high cell recovery from the device while underscoring the need to collect both the streams at the outlet of the device and suggesting flow conditions that will help us achieve the target DMSO outlet concentration for clinical scale flow rates of the cell suspension.     

江西省政务新媒体在突发事件中影响力研究

本文介绍了江西省政务新媒体发展现状,研究了政务新媒体在突发事件中发挥的作用,并以江西省政府微信公众号在新冠肺炎疫情中发挥的作用为例,阐述了政务新媒体在突发事件中的舆论影响力、引导力作用.然而,面对突发事件,政务新媒体的运营、发展和管理还存在诸多问题,为此,文章进一步探索切实可行的应对策略,期望以此提高政务新媒体在突发事件中的正面影响力,为建设"五型"政府发挥积极作用.     

Influence of alcoholic extract of whole fruit of trichosanthes dioica on blood sugar,serum lipids,lipoproteins and faecal sterols in normal albino rabbits

Effect of oral administration of 2 ml per day of suspension (in water) of alcoholic extract of whole fruit of Trichosanthes dioica (2%) (=100 g fresh wt.=7 g dry wt.=1/15 g of alcoholic extract) with the help of catheter alongwith basal diet for four weeks have been studied in the normal albino rabbits. It was observed that this extract lowered the blood sugar, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and increased the high density lipoprotein cholesterol, phospholipid and faecal sterol levels. Such effects are manifested from the very first week of feeding and are statistically significant.     

气候变化对鄱阳湖流域径流的影响模拟

气候变化是全球变化的重要部分,它可以改变区域乃至全球的水文循环的现状,本文以鄱阳湖流域为定量评价了气候变化对该区域水文循环的影响。文章首先分析了鄱阳湖流域1973年～2002年间的气候变化,在此基础上构建了如果气候变化按照目前的趋势发展未来可能出现的3种气候情景,最后应用陆地表面模型VIC水循环模式模拟了不同情景下的径流变化,结果表明如果气候变化按照目前的趋势发展,鄱阳湖流域的水量30年、60年、90年后（相对于1983年）将可能增加11.7%、25.08%和39.06%,而且因为径流的增加幅度最大的情况恰好出现在每年径流峰值时段（汛期）,所以鄱阳湖发生洪灾的危险性将可能增大。研究气候变化背景下鄱阳湖流域水文要素的变化及其趋势对于该区域水文水资源的开发利用、规划管理有着重要的现实意义。     

企业技术引进复杂系统分析方法探讨

技术引进在很多企业中成效不大的原因之一,是没有把技术引进作为一个复杂系统并进行分析研究。为了实现技术引进的复杂系统进入良性循环,本文借鉴IDEF方法,从层次理论角度来分解技术引进的复杂系统,并着重对国内外研究较少的消化吸收进行了分析,阐明这一方法的应用过程。     

招投标制度下科研项目质量管理研究

本文基于科研计划项目实行招投标管理制度，构建以招标人满意为质量目标的科研项目质量管理体系，并且提出：以过程为质量载体，强化科研项目质量计划、质量保障、质量控制等过程管理，通过不断改进，形成招标人满意的科研项目质量。     

公允价值标准的运用对我国保险企业影响研究

文章指出保险企业运用公允价值可以真实反映保险公司承担的赔偿责任,及时在利润表和资产负债表中反映资产和负债的市场价值变化,增强其信息披露的透明度;分析了公允价值的运用对保险企业风险和风险管理的影响;提出了我国保险企业科学安排债券组合、调整合同价格、重新设计原有产品、加强产品创新、运用战略管理会计等应对策略。