大鼠皮层星形胶质细胞体外培养的对比研究

比较3种不同培养星形胶质细胞的方法,以获得高纯度星形胶质细胞,为体外研究其生物学功能奠定基础.取新生SD大鼠的皮层区,应用原代培养法、差速贴壁培养法和震荡法,通过形态学观察、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）免疫荧光染色法和台盼蓝染色法,对比分析3种不同培养方法所获得星形胶质细胞的纯度和活性.差速贴壁组星形胶质细胞纯度（98.4%）明显高于原代培养组和震荡组.经台盼蓝染色发现,各组细胞活细胞率均大于95%,表明3种培养方法对于细胞活性没有显著影响.差速贴壁培养法培养星形胶质细胞的方法具有简便可行,纯度高的优点,可作为星形胶质细胞体外培养的良好模型.     

大鼠神经胶质瘤和嗜铬细胞瘤中P2X受体表达特征的研究

目的：采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）技术,研究P2X受体在大鼠神经胶质瘤和嗜铬细胞瘤及原代培养皮层神经元和星形胶质细胞上的表达差异。方法：取新生1-2 d SD大鼠大脑皮层,分离纯化神经元和星形胶质细胞,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,比较P2X受体在大鼠胶质瘤C6细胞、大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤PC-12细胞、星形胶质细胞和皮层神经元上的表达差异。结果：C6细胞P2X2、P2X3和P2X5表达水平显著高于星形胶质细胞,P2X4、P2X6和P2X7表达水平显著低于星形胶质细胞,PC-12细胞P2X1、P2X2、P2X3和P2X6表达水平显著高于皮层神经元,P2X5和P2X7表达水平则显著低于皮层神经元。此外,还发现P2X2、P2X5和P2X6在C6和PC-12细胞上的表达水平存在显著差异。结论：大鼠胶质瘤和嗜铬细胞瘤细胞表达多种P2X受体,且与原代培养细胞存在表达差异,提示核苷酸介导的信号传递系统可能作为潜在的肿瘤治疗靶点。     

神经干细胞球和单层贴壁神经干细胞的培养及鉴定

目的:探讨小鼠大脑皮层源性神经干细胞(NSCs)体外培养的两种方法并对培养的细胞进行鉴定.方法:分别取孕14～16d的昆明小鼠胚胎脑皮质并用细胞球悬浮培养和单层贴壁培养两种方法进行体外培养,用光学显微镜观察NSCs的生长情况,并用免疫细胞化学鉴定NSCs特异性抗原的表达,经过血清对NSCs分化诱导后进行胶质纤维酸性蛋白及微管相关蛋白-2的检测.结果:①培养出来的细胞可以扩增生长;②这两种方法分别培养的神经干细胞球和单层神经干细胞经抗巢蛋白免疫细胞染色均呈阳性;③两种培养方法培养出的NSCs经诱导分化后,免疫细胞化学染色显示微管相关蛋白-2、神经胶质酸性蛋白染色阳性.结论:采用无血清培养基中加入特定生长因子的神经干细胞球培养和单层贴壁两种培养技术,可培养出在体外稳定增殖并有多向分化潜能的NSCs.     

急性脑损伤时星形胶质细胞对神经元存活的影响

参考国内外有关星形胶质细胞对脑损伤时神经元影响作用的主要途径的研究进展,从星形胶质细胞对谷氨酸的摄取与释放、星形胶质细胞对氧自由基的清除及细胞外K 、H 的缓冲及星形胶质细胞的代偿增值作用等几个方面,综述急性脑损伤时星形胶质细胞对神经元存活的影响。     

重组人促红细胞生成素与甲基泼尼松龙早期治疗大鼠脊髓挫伤的形态学研究

目的:比较重组人促红细胞生成素(recombinant human erythropoietin,rHuEPO)与甲基泼尼松龙(methylprednisolone,MP)早期治疗大鼠脊髓挫伤的形态学变化.方法:采用BenchmarkTM 颅脑损伤撞击器制备大鼠脊髓挫伤模型,损伤30 min后,rHuEPO组腹腔注射(ip)rHuEPO(5000 UI·kg-1·BW),MP组尾静脉注射(iv)甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠(30 mg·kg-1·BW).采用Harris氏HE染色,Luxol固蓝染色,神经元核抗原(neuronal nuclei,NeuN)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)免疫组织化学染色,观察损伤脊髓组织.结果:损伤1,3 d后,MP组挫伤中心及前、后3,5 mm处灰质前角神经元存活数量、残存髓鞘面积及抑制星形胶质细胞数均高于rHuEPO组.损伤14,28 d后,rHuEPO组挫伤中心及邻近部位囊腔区域面积和星形胶质细胞抑制率高于MP组.同时,rHuEPO组挫伤中心及前、后3,5 mm处灰质前角神经元存活数量、残余髓鞘面积均显著高于MP组(P<0.05).结论:30 mg·kg-1·BW MP早期治疗大鼠脊髓挫伤第一周能显著改善神经元存活、髓鞘脱失和星形胶质细胞增生.随着时间的延长,rHuEPO的长期疗效逐渐显著.     

星形胶质细胞生物学功能研究进展

星形胶质细胞广泛分布于中枢神经的灰质与白质中,并作为在中枢神经系统中数目占绝对优势的一类大胶质细胞,近二十年来,学者们对星形胶质细胞的研究可谓突飞猛进;星形胶质细胞新的功能和作用逐渐被发现并证实;回顾了星形胶质细胞的一般生物学功能及其生物学功能研究的近期进展,论述了其与几种神经系统疾病的关系及其在中枢神经系统损伤与衰老时形态功能的变化。     

大鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离培养及生物学特性

目的:探讨影响大鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(REF)分离和培养的一些因素,以建立稳定的REF培养体系.方法:取SD大鼠胚胎分离成纤维细胞,利用体外培养体系,对REF的生长形态、生长曲线进行观察,以探讨不同胚胎日龄以及不同胰酶作用时间对REF分离及培养的影响,并对其进行免疫细胞化学鉴定.结果:13.5d 胎龄鼠胚的REF分离效果优于10.5d、18.5d 胎龄鼠胚;REF在体外为贴壁生长型细胞,第三代细胞增殖旺盛;并表达波形蛋白(vimentin)、层黏连蛋白(laminin,LN)和纤维连接蛋白(fibronectin,FN)蛋白.结论:13.5d 胎龄SD大鼠REF以H-DMEM做培养基,在第3代增殖旺盛,合成多种细胞外基质,最适宜作胚胎干细胞或其它悬浮培养细胞的饲养层.     

帕瑞昔布对过氧化氢诱导的原代星形胶质细胞氧化应激的保护作用（英文）

目的:评估帕瑞昔布对过氧化氢诱导的大鼠原代星形胶质细胞氧化应激状态的保护作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。创新点:首次在大鼠原代星形胶质细胞中证实帕瑞昔布对过氧化氢诱导的氧化应激具有保护作用,且此作用可能与Bax、Bcl-2和BDNF的失调有关。方法:设立如下四组对照:(1)阴性对照组;(2)100μmol/L H_2O_2处理组(处理时间为24 h);(3)80μmol/L帕瑞昔布处理组;(4)160μmol/L帕瑞昔布处理组(第三和第四组先用帕瑞昔布处理24 h,再用100μmol/L H_2O_2处理24 h)。用荧光显微镜观察星形胶质细胞的形态,用MTT法检测星形胶质细胞的存活率,用荧光探针二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐(DCDHF-DA)检测星形胶质细胞内氧自由基的含量,并用碘化丙啶(PI)染色检测细胞的凋亡状态。最后用反转录酶聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白质印迹(Western blot)检测Bax、Bcl-2和BDNF三种蛋白在4组中的表达水平。结论:H_2O_2处理可以导致星形胶质细胞的形态发生改变(图1)和存活率降低(图2),提高星形胶质细胞内的氧自由基水平(图3),同时诱导细胞凋亡(图4)。然而,所有这些变化都可以被帕瑞昔布逆转。此外,我们发现,Bax、Bcl-2和BDNF的表达水平在H_2O_2处理时失调,而在帕瑞昔布预处理时恢复正常。综上所述,帕瑞昔布对H_2O_2诱导的氧化应激具有保护作用。     

脑挫裂伤修复过程中胶质细胞的形态变化

为了阐明大脑皮质局灶性挫伤后,局部胶质细胞的形态学变化,用20只大鼠制做脑挫伤动物模型,不同时间取脑进行光、电镜观察。结果表明:伤后3-7d时胶质细胞呈水肿或质膜破裂;伤灶周围胶质细胞逐渐增生,密度增高,14-28d时伤灶处被胶质细胞和小血管填充,其中有大量巨噬细胞样胶质细胞。文中对各类胶质细胞超微结构和功能进行了阐述。     

右美沙芬对激活的小胶质细胞的抑制作用

目的:研究右美沙芬(DM)对激活的小胶质细胞的作用及热休克蛋白60(HSP60)在DM神经保护中的作用机制。方法:培养BV2小胶质细胞株,分为对照组,细菌脂多糖组,(LPS),实验组(DM)。Western-blot检测DM对LPS激活的BV2细胞HSP60和Caspase 3的影响,ELISA检测DM对HSP60释放的作用。结果:LPS组中HSP60和Caspase 3的表达及释放都比对照组显著增加,加入DM后,这些因子的水平都明显降低。结论:DM可能通过HSP60信号通路途径阻止小胶质细胞的凋亡而发挥神经保护作用。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.