中国南方丘陵区不同母岩型红土表土孢粉组合特征研究——以赣南地区为例

运用孢粉分析技术,分析赣南地区花岗岩上覆红土表土样品3个、第四纪红土表土样3个和砂页岩上覆红土表土2个样.共鉴定出孢粉131种,统计有效孢粉2 694粒.研究发现,研究区孢粉组合为乔木、灌木植物、草本植物、蕨类孢子,植被结构表现为乔木植物和蕨类植物的组合特点.孢粉组合中马尾松、罗汉松、青冈栎、里白蕨、圆羊齿和凤尾蕨等喜酸性、耐瘠薄性植物的孢粉含量较多,尤其是松科马尾松和蕨类植物的里白蕨对红土环境具有独特的适应能力.此外,研究区表土孢粉组合显示,现生植物中的绝大多数植物在孢粉组合中均有发现,基本能反映出该区现生植物群落的特征.     

思茅地区常见的铁线蕨科(Adiantaceae)植物

铁线蕨科属于蕨类植物真蕨亚门薄囊蕨纲真蕨目.该科植物在全世界约200种,主要分布在热带、亚热带,少数分布于温带,以南美洲种类最多,如黑华德属(Hewardia J.sm)主要分布在美洲.我国仅产铁线蕨属(Adiantum)约40种.     

粤东地区新纪录植物(一)

报道了采自潮州市的10种粤东新纪录植物．它们是桫椤科的黑桫椤Gymnosphaera podophytta(Hook．)Cop．、肾蕨科的毛叶肾蕨Nephrolepis hirsutula(Forst．)Presl、凤尾蕨科的刺齿半边旗Pteris dispar Kze．和狭眼凤尾蕨Pteris biaurita L．，鳞毛蕨科的中华复叶耳蕨Arachniodes chinensis(Rosenst．)Ching、粗裂复叶耳蕨Arachniodes semifertilis Ching和暗鳞鳞毛蕨Dryopteris atrata(Kunze)Ching，蹄盖蕨科的厚叶双盖蕨Diplazium crassiuseulum Ching、实蕨科的华南实蕨Bolbitis subcordata(Cop．)Ching、金星蕨科的红色新月蕨Proneprium lakhimpurense(Rosenst．)Holtt．，其中实蕨科Blobitidaceae为粤东新纪录科．     

不同色光照射对蕨类孢子萌发的实验探究活动

蕨类孢子的正常萌发需要蓝光照射,否则不能形成"心形"原叶体。本实验通过对白、蓝、红三种色光照射下的球子蕨孢子萌发进行定性观察和定量分析,生动展示了这一原理与过程,以使学生的相关知识和能力得到扩展及锻炼。     

国产新月蕨属叶表皮微形态特征及其系统学意义

运用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对国产金星蕨科中的新月蕨属以及其近缘类群毛蕨属的共11个物种的叶表皮微形态特征进行了观察.结果表明:新月蕨属植物叶表皮的微形态特征,在种内较为稳定,并可为探讨新月蕨属的属下分类提供依据.在光学显微镜下,11个种叶表皮形态特征较为一致,上、下表皮的细胞形状均为不规则型,垂周壁均为深波状,气孔器形状也均为椭圆形.气孔器的大小在种间相差较大,而种内差异较小.气孔器类型有极细胞型,腋下细胞型,共环极细胞型,聚腋下细胞型和不规则型5种,并具有明显的种间差异.在扫描电镜下,气孔外拱盖全为脊状凸起,上、下表皮细胞的空间排列情况,保卫细胞两极"T"型加厚特征,气孔的突起程度等方面都有一定种间差异.但这几种电镜特征,在个别种中也存在一定的种内差异.综合光学显微镜和扫描电镜下的特征,可以较好地支持前人对新月蕨属这11个种划分为4个组的处理,并与传统形态分类和系统发育结果具有较高的一致性.     

银脉凤尾蕨和阔叶鳞盖蕨对干旱胁迫反应的比较研究

在模拟自然干旱胁迫条件下对银脉凤尾蕨和阔叶鳞盖蕨含水量(RWC)、脯氨酸(Pro)、叶绿素(CHL)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量等抗性生理生化指标的变化进行研究了。结果表明:银脉凤尾蕨自然干旱胁迫17天后开始萎蔫比阔叶鳞盖蕨耐胁迫天数长4天,其叶片含水量和叶绿素含量减少速度比阔叶鳞盖缓慢,而游离脯氨酸上升速度均比阔叶鳞盖蕨快,叶银脉凤尾蕨CAT活性下降速度总体上比阔叶鳞盖蕨缓慢。因此,银脉凤尾蕨抗旱性比阔叶鳞盖蕨强。     

不同年龄大鼠血管平滑肌Ca~(2 )/CaM-PP活性特点

本文应用酶学测定方法,测定了8周、10周、16周、20周和24周Wistar大鼠主动脉(A)、尾动脉(CA)和肠系膜动脉(MA)平滑肌依赖钙的钙调素依赖性蛋白磷酸酶(Ca~(2 )/CaM-PP)的活性。结果发现:(1)8W和10W各血管间和组间Ca~(2 )/CaM-PP活性无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)16W三种血管间Ca~(2 )/CaM-PP活性无显著差异,但活性均明显高于8W和10W组(P<0.01);(3)20W三种血管间的Ca~(2 )/CaM-PP活性无显著差异、但活性均明显高于16W(P<0.01);(4)24W组A和CA血管Ca~(2 )/CaM4-PP活性与20W组无显著差异,但MA Ca~(2 )/CaM-PP活性明显低于20W(P<0.01)。结果表明:不同血管Ca~(2 )/CaM-PP活性随年龄增长逐渐增加,但到一定年龄首先出现小动脉活性的下降。     

肾蕨水培的Ca2+效应

配制六种含不同浓度Ca^2 的营养液进行肾蕨的水培试验，研究了Ca^2 的含量对肾蕨水培的影响。结果表明，含有750mg／L Ca(NO3)2的营养液配方4较有利于肾蕨的生长。     

凯里香炉山蕨类植物区系分析

在野外调查、采集和分类的基础上,对凯里香炉山旅游风景区蕨类植物进行了初步的区系分析.现已知该地区共有蕨类植物16科、23属、33种,以热带亚热带成分为主,温带成分次之.该风景区的优势科(4种以上含4种)为鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae、凤尾蕨科Pteridaceae、卷柏科Selaginellaceae;本区蕨类植物区系与雷公山、梵净山、荔波、毕节国家森林公园区系成分较为相近.     

河北省蕨类植物分布新记录

报道了1种、1变种蕨类植物河北分布新记录，它们是：禾杆蹄盖蕨Athyrium yokoscense(Franch．et Sav．)Christ．和疏羽香鳞毛蕨Dryopteris fragrans(L．)Schott var．remotiuscula(Kom)Kom。     

小叶榕榕-蜂互利共生系统中资源分配模式

为了研究榕-蜂互利共生系统中繁殖资源的分配模式,本研究比较了小叶榕榕果内的种子及小蜂后代数量。研究结果表明：榕果内传粉榕小蜂小蜂数量显著高于种子数量。随着榕果内小蜂后代数量的增加,种子数量也呈增加的趋势,但其增加趋势并不显著。这说明传粉榕小蜂更倾向于在榕果内孕育更多的后代,而非种子。所以说在榕-蜂互利共生系统资源的分配上,传粉榕小蜂应该占主导地位。除传粉榕小蜂外,小叶榕榕果内还寄生着一种非传粉榕小蜂W.kurandensis,该种小蜂仅影响种子产出,而不影响传粉榕小蜂的后代数。这可能是由于该种小蜂与种子都利用榕果内同种空间分布类型繁殖资源资源造成的。     

陕西省大生属(缓步动物,大生熊虫科)两个新纪录种记述

记述了陕西省2个缓步动物新纪录种,它们是球蚜大生熊虫Macrobiotus adelges Dastych,1977(真缓步纲,大生熊虫科)和阿瑞科姆大生熊虫Macrobiotus ariekammensis Wêglarska,1965(真缓步纲,大生熊虫科)。     

H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/SiO_2催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

以二氧化硅负载Dawson型磷钨酸H6P2W18O62/SiO2为催化剂,采用环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮.探讨H6P2W18O62/SiO2对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了各种因素对产物收率的影响.实验表明:H6P2W18O62/SiO2是合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(环己酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.5,带水剂环己烷6 mL,催化剂用量占反应物料总质量的0.6%,反应时间60 min的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达85.4%.     

一株高生物量酵母菌株的鉴定

从土壤中分离到一株高生物量酵母菌株,经形态特征及12项生理生化特性的检测。以N．J．W．Kreger-van Rij和J．A．Barnett等的酵母分类系统为依据进行了分类鉴定,初步鉴定为丝孢酵母属（Trichosporon）个种。     

Population growth, trophic level, and reproductive biology of two congeneric archer fishes （Toxotes chatareus, Hamilton 1822 and Toxotesjaculatrix, Pallas 1767） inhabiting Malaysian coastal waters

Population growth, trophic level, and some aspects of reproductive biology of two congeneric archer fish species, Toxotes chatareus and Toxotes jaculatrix, collected from Johor coastal waters, Malaysia, were studied. Growth pattern by length-weight relationship (W=aL~b) for the sexes differed, and exhibited positive allometric growth (male, female and combined sexes of T. chatareus; female and combined sexes of T. jaculatrix) and isometric growth (male samples of T. jaculatrix only). Trophic levels of both species were analyzed based on 128 specimens. The results show that, in both species, crustaceans and insects were the most abundant prey items, and among crustaceans the red clawed crab Sesarma bidens and Formicidae family insects were the most represented taxa. The estimated mean trophic levels for T. chatareus and T. jaculatrix were 3.422±0.009 and 3.420±0.020, respectively, indicating that they are largely carnivores. Fecundity of T. chatareus ranged from 38354 to 147185 eggs for females with total length ranging from 14.5 to 22.5 cm and total body weight from 48.7 to 270.2 g, and T. jaculatrix 25 251 to 150456 eggs for females with total length ranging from 12.2 to 23.0 cm and total body weight from 25.7 to 275.0 g. Differences in values of gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes calculated for both species in this study may have resulted from uneven sample size ranges.     

例谈“6W”法在区域地理教学中的应用

"6W"法是一种流程,更是一种工具,为人们提供了科学的工作分析方法,人们不但可以通过"6W"法来认识、把握有关内容,还可以通过这些程序回忆相关内容,"6W"法为人们提供了一种思维模式。在区域地理教学中,应用"6W"法可以明确区域空间定位、了解区域发展阶段、说明区域地理特征、分析区域事象成因、指出区域发展方向、阐释区域借鉴意义。文章以《鲁教版高中地理必修3》"德国鲁尔区资源开发与区域可持续发展"为案例,探讨"6W"法的应用。模式可以复制,从而创造规模效益,对提高学习效率很有帮助,同时也有利于提升学生的思维能力。     

反脱团体系中含水量W_0的研究

利用 Ｋａｒｌ－ Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ方法测定了阴离子型表面活性剂 ＡＯＴ所形成的反胶团体系的含水量Ｗ０,考察了水相ｐＨ值、离子强度以及磷脂的加入对含水量Ｗ０的影响．结果表明,反胶团含水量Ｗ０与水相ｐＨ值无关,随离子强度增大而减小,并且在ＡＯＴ反胶团体系中加入磷脂Ｗ０增加。     

A low-power Rijndael S-Box based on pass transmission gate and composite field arithmetic

Using composite field arithmetic in Galois field can result in the compact Rijndael S-Box. However, the power con- sumption of this solution is too large to be used in resource-limited embedded systems. A full-custom hardware implementation of composite field S-Box is proposed for these targeted domains in this paper. The minimization of power consumption is implemented by optimizing the architecture of the composite field S-Box and using the pass transmission gate (PTG) to realize the logic functions of S-Box. Power simulations were performed using the netlist extracted from the layout. HSPICE simulation results indicated that the proposed S-Box achieves low power consumption of about 130 μW at 10 MHz using 0.25 μm/2.5 V technology, while the consumptions of the positive polarity reed-muller (PPRM) based S-Box and composite field S-Box based on the conventional CMOS logic style are about 240 μW and 420 μW, respectively. The simulations also showed that the presented S-Box obtains better low-voltage operating property, which is clearly relevant for applications like sensor nodes, smart cards and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags.     

功率超声细化Sn-Sb包晶合金

In this paper the solidification behavior of Sn-Sb peritectic alloy and the mechanism of grain refinement in solidification process under high-intensity ultrasonic field are investigated. Three different powers of high-intensity ultrasound are introduced into molten Sn-Sb peritectic alloy to study the refining effectiveness. The results show that the application of high-intensity ultrasound during solidification process of Sn-Sb peritectic alloy can refine α phase and β phase and eliminate gravity segregation of the alloy. As acoustic intensity is increased from 400 W to 800 W, not only the homogenous fine structure can be obtained, but also the cubic β phase crystals tend to be spherical. Microstructure of the sample treated by 600 W high-intensity ultrasound demonstrates the best refining effect.     

Automatic conceptual encoding of printed verbal material: Assessment of population differences

The release from proactive interference task was used to investigate categorical encoding of animal and clothing items with fourth grade low-socioeconomic status black and middle-socioeconomic status white children. The print mode of verbal presentation and an ordered recall requirement were used in order to provide hospitable conditions for the detection of population differences. The results indicated parity in buildup and release from proactive interference for the two populations. The results of this study, consistent with previous estimates of release from proactive interference for these groups (e.g., D. W. Kee & L. Helfend, Journal of Educational Psychology, 1977, 69, 344–348; S. Y. Nakayama & D. W. Kee, Journal of Educational Psychology, 1980, 72, 386–393), indicate that low-socioeconomic status black and middle-socioeconomic white children do not differ in automatic conceptual encoding. Conceptual encoding differences, however, have been detected between these populations when the free recall method has been used. Thus, discussion of the present results includes a consideration of factors which may be responsible for population differences in free recall performance and preliminary evidence on this issue is provided.