成都中医药大学学生体质健康测试结果分析与对策

目的：了解某医学院校2019-2020学年在校的19191名大学生的体质健康水平,并提出相应对策。方法：对2019-2020学年在校的19191名大学生进行体质健康测试,测试项目包括肺活量、800米/1000米跑、50米跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、引体向上和一分钟仰卧起坐,使用excel对测试结果进行整理后,采用SPSSPRO进行在线统计分析。结果：2019-2020学年在校大学生的体质健康测试等级都集中分布在及格等级上,达到60.9%;肺活量、800米/1000米跑、50米跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、引体向上和一分钟仰卧起坐项目测试等级大部分为及格或不及格。结论：2019-2020学年在校大学生的体质健康水平欠佳,心肺功能有待提高,下肢力量和柔韧素质表现不佳,男生上肢力量薄弱,女生的腰腹力量有待提高。     

基于《国家学生体质健康标准》的聋校学生体质健康干预研究

本研究采用实验法、数理统计法等研究方法,分析聋校学生体质健康现状和聋校体育教学现状,找出聋生体质健康干预方案制定的依据,针对性地制定一系列课内外干预方案,并对干预前后数据进行统计学分析.结果发现:干预后反应聋校男女生身体形态的身高增长不明显、反映速度素质的男女生50m和反映柔韧性素质的男生坐位体前屈成绩增长也不明显;但是反映学生身体机能的肺活量、反映耐力素质的男女生1 000/800m、反映力量素质的立定跳远、引体向上、以及女生坐位体前屈等各项成绩增长较为显著.     

大学生肺活量与身体素质相关性研究

本研究通过对2239名大学生进行肺活量、50米、立定跳远、握力、坐位体前屈、男1000米、女800米和仰卧起坐项目测试,采用数理统计、相关性、多元逐步回归分析等研究方法,建立大学生肺活量回归方程：男生肺活量（mL）=2949.95（mL）+26.67×握力（Kg）+5.52×坐位体前屈（cm）;女生肺活量（mL）=1913.40（mL）+18.03×握力（Kg）+2.34×立定跳远（cm）+3.29仰卧起坐（个）。     

基于第三方及Apriori算法的中学生体质健康关联分析

目的 评价第三方体质健康测试工作，挖掘体质健康数据隐藏信息。方法 采用指定抽样法选取武汉市7所中学6043名学生为研究对象，使用独立样本t检验对比学校自测、第三方测试结果与参考值的差值，基于Apriori算法挖掘指标间关联。结果 第三方测试、学校自测结果与参考值做差后比较，发现：7所中学各年级体重、女生身高、初二～高二男生身高，各年级男生、初三女生肺活量，各年级立定跳远、引体向上、50m,初二、初三、高三仰卧起坐，初一～初三、高二～高三男生、初二～高三女生坐位体前屈，初一、初三～高三男生1 000m、初一、高一～高三女生800m,均具有统计学差异(P<0.05),多数指标第三方测试结果与参考值更接近，且身高体重、肺活量、坐位体前屈、引体向上/仰卧起坐成绩高于国家均值，立定跳远、50m、1 000m/800m低于参考值。Apriori算法挖掘6条支持度>10%的关联规则，均与肺活量有关，立定跳远与其它体质健康指标关联较弱。结论 武汉市7所中学生体质健康身体形态、身体机能、柔韧素质、上肢及躯干力量素质较好，下肢力量素质、速度素质、耐力素质较差，第三方数据更能真实反映学生体质健康...     

运动处方式教学对特殊群体大学生体质健康影响的实验研究

通过教学实验法探讨运动处方式教学对特殊群体大学生体质健康的影响效果。结果显示：实验前后两组分别在安静心率、舒张压、肺活量、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、握力等指标上有明显的变化（P〈0．01）或（P〈0．05）,而在收缩压上仅实验组具有显著差异（P〈0．05）。实验后实验组男女生安静心率低于对照组（P〈0．05）,收缩压、肺活量、立定跳远、坐位体前屈以及男生握力等指标值上均高于对照组（P〈0．05）。得出以下结论：运动处方式教学和传统保健课教学均对特殊群体大学生体质产生了积极影响,但运动处方式教学的影响效果更显著。运动处方式教学是促进特殊群体大学生体质健康的一种有效教学途径。     

近10年哈尔滨体育学院学生体质健康状况比较研究

为了全面了解哈尔滨体育学院学生近10年的体质健康变化情况,采用实验法对哈尔滨体育学院2003至2012级学生进行身高、体重、肺活量、握力（男）、坐位体前屈（女）、立定跳远、台阶实验测试,并将测试数据进行整理,对比10年变化情况。结果表明,近10年,学生身高、体重和体质指数变化不大,其中男生平均体质批量数较高,女生正常;台阶指数、立定跳远和坐位体前屈总体上呈下降趋势,其中立定跳远和台阶指数总本上处于良好水平,坐位体前屈虽呈下降趋势,但各年级均处于优秀水平;肺活量和握力出现波动,且处于及格水平,但哈尔滨体育学院学生体质健康状况好于其他普通高校,与同类体育院校相当;所有年级中2004级、2（107级和2012级学生体质健康状况好于其他年级,2009级、2010级和2011级则较差。哈尔滨体育学院学生体质健康状况整体上呈下降趋势,各年级学生呼吸机能一般,心肺功能和下肢爆发力较好;男生超重,上肢手臂力量偏低;女生身体形态发育正常,柔韧素质好。     

体育教学中引入拓展训练对提高大学生体质健康水平的分析

通过在高校体育教学课程中引入拓展训练教学课,分析拓展训练教学课对大学生体质健康指标的变化情况。研究发现:实验后女子的肺活量、坐位体前屈及立定跳远和800m的成绩,男子的肺活量、立定跳远和1000m跑的成绩与实验前相比差异显著(P0.05或P0.01),与对照组相比,实验后男子和女子的肺活量及和800m(女)、1000m(男)跑的成绩呈显著性差异(P0.05)。表明:相对于普通体育教学课,拓展训练课可以更好地提高学生的耐力能力和呼吸系统机能水平。     

基于成分数据分析的青少年24 h活动行为与体质关联的研究

目的：基于成分数据分析方法,解决24 h活动行为“定和限制”所带来的共线性问题,探究青少年不同强度身体活动、静坐行为与睡眠对体质指标的综合影响。方法：以241名初中生为研究对象,采用ActiGraph GT3X+加速度计测量日常活动行为,并进行体质测试。通过成分数据分析方法,综合分析24 h活动行为与体质的关联,并采用成分等时替代模型,进行行为之间的10 min等时替代分析,以将不同行为对体质的影响效应定量化。结果：中高强度身体活动（moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, MVPA）与体质总分、50 m跑表现、长跑表现和跳远成绩呈正相关;低强度身体活动（light physical activity, LPA）则与这些指标呈负相关,但其与肺活量呈正相关。静坐行为（sedentary behaviour, SB）与多数体质指标呈负相关,睡眠时间与体质总分、坐位体前屈、跳远、仰卧起坐和长跑表现呈正相关。成分等时替代分析显示：10 min SB或LPA替代同等时间的MVPA产生的不利效应均远大于10 min MVPA替代相应行为所产生的有益效应（体质总...     

河北省少数民族大学体质健康状况比较

【目的】探讨河北省少数民族大学生2020年体质健康状况,分析各少数民族男女生在身体形态、身体机能与身体素质上的差异,为后续研究和制定体质健康促进计划提供科学理据。【方法】于2020年10月份,通过分层随机抽样,以班级为单位在河北工业大学、天津医科大学、燕山大学展开体质健康测试,抽取2500名（男生1438名、女生1062名）,采用SPSS26.0进行F检验。【结果】男生大一和大四身高蒙古族<满族<回族;女生身高大二满族<回族<蒙古族、大三蒙古族<满族<回族,体重蒙古族<满族<回族;男生肺活量大二蒙古族<满族<回族、大三蒙古族<回族<满族,1000m跑、坐位体前屈、引体向上在大四群体中具有显著性差异;女生大二和大三肺活量蒙古族<回族<满族,大二和大四坐位体前屈大二蒙古族<满族<回族、大四满族<回族<蒙古族,50m跑、1000m跑、立定跳远、仰卧起坐在大二群体中具有显著性差异。【结论】河北省少数民族大学生身体形态、身体机能与身体素质在不同年级间有显著差异。建议通过多部门数据监测实时报...     

组合比赛实现全员参与 改变规则促进“勤练、常赛”——以校运动会中男生引体向上和女生立定跳远组合比赛为例

<正>笔者学校在校运动会原有项目的基础上,将《国家学生体质健康标准（2014年修订）》（以下简称《体质健康标准》）高中学生身体素质类测试项目中的50米跑、立定跳远（女）、引体向上（男）、800米跑（女）、1000米跑（男）等项目纳入校运会的比赛中,以组合比赛的形式,改变规则,以赛促练,增强学生体质,实现全员参与。笔者以男生引体向上和女生立定跳远组合比赛为例,谈谈学校的具体做法,与各位同仁探讨。     

Sex-specific associations of moderate and vigorous physical activity with physical fitness in adolescents

The present study examined the sex-specific associations of moderate and vigorous physical activity (VPA) with physical fitness in 300 Japanese adolescents aged 12–14 years. Participants were asked to wear an accelerometer to evaluate physical activity (PA) levels of various intensities (i.e. moderate PA (MPA), 3–5.9 metabolic equivalents (METs); VPA, ≥6 METs; moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), ≥3 METs). Eight fitness items were assessed (grip strength, bent-leg sit-up, sit-and-reach, side step, 50?m sprint, standing long jump, handball throw, and distance running) as part of the Japanese standardised fitness test. A fitness composite score was calculated using Japanese fitness norms, and participants were categorised according to their score from category A (most fit) to category E (least fit), with participants in categories D and E defined as having low fitness. It was found that for boys, accumulating more than 80.7?min/day of MVPA may reduce the probability of low fitness (odds ratio (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)]?=?0.17 [0.06–0.47], p?=?.001). For girls, accumulating only 8.4?min of VPA could reduce the likelihood of exhibiting low fitness (ORs [95% CI]?=?0.23 [0.05–0.89], p?=?.032). These results reveal that there are sex-specific differences in the relationship between PA and physical fitness in adolescents, suggesting that sex-specific PA recommendation may be needed to improve physical fitness in adolescents.     

不同体育选项课对大学生身体素质的影响

目的:探讨不同体育选项课对大学生身体素质的影响。方法:选取我校外语学院、文学院、经管学院,武术、足球、排球、乒乓球选项课的学生共100名,经一学期选项课学习,分析其选项课前后的立定跳远、100m、1000m及掷实心球等身体素质。结果:选修武术选项课的学生,身体素质选项课后较选项课前相比均差异不显著(P0.05);选修足球选项课的学生,身体素质选项课后较选项课前相比均有明显提高(P0.05);选修排球选项课的学生,选项课后立定跳远较选项课前相比均有显著提高(P0.05),其余三项均无明显变化(P0.05);选修乒乓球选项课的学生,身体素质选项课后较选项课前相比均有不同程度的下降,但差异不显著(P0.05)。结论:不同的选项课对大学生各方面身体素质都有不同程度的影响,应根据大学生身体素质的现状合理地指导选择有利于其身体素质提高的项目,并为其终身体育运动打下基础。     

Age-related differences in daily physical activity divided by bout duration: preliminary findings in female convenience samples

The purpose of the present investigation was to clarify the relationship between age and bout duration of physical activity (PA) under free-living conditions in female adults. Forty-three females wore an accelerometer (Lifecorder) for seven consecutive days in order to determine the time spent in PA at light intensity (LPA), at moderate intensity (MPA), and at vigorous intensity (VPA). The PA was divided according to the bout duration, such as PA lasting longer than 16 s, 32 s, 60 s, 3 min, >5 min, and >10 min (PA16s, PA32s, PA1m, PA3m, PA5m, PA10m). The time for LPA32s, LPA1m, MPA16s, VPA16s, and the total time for MPA and VPA were significantly associated with age (P < 0.05). There were no significant associations between age and PA lasting >60 s, regardless of intensity category. The results of the present pilot study suggest that the age-associated differences in PA occur mainly in PA lasting 1 min or shorter duration.     

Childhood Physical Fitness and Performance as Predictors of High School Sport Participation

ABSTRACT

Participation in youth sport is positively associated with physical fitness and performance. The purpose of the current study was to examine if physical fitness measures during childhood and early adolescence predicted high school sport participation. Participants included youth in the Michigan State University Motor Performance Study. Measures consisted of the endurance shuttle run, Wells sit-and-reach, jump and reach, standing long jump, agility shuttle run and 30-yard dash. Individual, generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the association between each measure and the odds of participating in high school sport. For both sexes, the endurance shuttle run and agility shuttle run were related to sport participation. For boys only, the long jump and 30-yard dash were also associated with sport participation. Better physical fitness and performance across several dimensions in childhood, including those related to motor skills, enhanced the likelihood of sport participation in high school.     

探究小学儿童体力活动与身体素质及骨密度的相关性

目的 探讨小学儿童体力活动与身体素质、骨密度的关联,为促进小学儿童体质健康干预策略提供理论基础.方法 通过ActiGraph GT3X+型加速度计与CM-200超声骨密度仪分别对扬州市某小学313名六年级学生进行体力活动水平与骨密度的测量,最后对小学儿童身体素质指标进行测试.结果 与结论男孩的MVPA与50m跑、1mi...     

Comparison of ActiGraph GT3X+ and Actical accelerometer data in 9–11-year-old Canadian children

Accelerometry is the gold standard for field-based physical activity assessment in children; however, the plethora of devices, data reduction procedures, and cut-points available limits comparability between studies. This study aimed to compare physical activity variables from the ActiGraph GT3X+ and Actical accelerometers in children under free-living conditions. A cross-sectional study of 379 children aged 9–11 years from Ottawa (Canada) was conducted. Children wore the ActiGraph GT3X+ and Actical accelerometers on the hip simultaneously for 7 consecutive days (24-h protocol). Moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA), vigorous (VPA), moderate (MPA), and light (LPA) physical activity, as well as sedentary time, (SED) were derived using established data reduction protocols. Excellent agreement between devices was observed for MVPA (ICC = 0.73–0.80), with fair to good agreement for MPA, LPA and SED, and poor agreement for VPA. Bland-Altman plots showed excellent agreement for MVPA, LPA, and SED, adequate agreement for MPA, and poor agreement for VPA. MVPA derived from the Actical was 11.7% lower than the ActiGraph GT3X+. The ActiGraph GT3X+ and Actical are comparable for measuring children’s MVPA. However, comparison between devices for VPA, MPA, LPA, and SED are highly dependent on data reduction procedures and cut-points, and should be interpreted with caution.     

运动负荷与反馈方式对高中生体能与体育学习积极兴趣的影响

探讨不同运动负荷（HR-160min）与不同反馈方式（M）对高中生体能和体育学习积极兴趣（PISL）的影响。方法：采用三因素实验设计,不同时间、不同HR-160min （HR₁₄₀-160min、HR₁₃₀-160min和HR₁₂₀-160min）和不同反馈方式（自我控制反馈SF、追加反馈AF和无反馈NF）为干预手段,对297名高一学生进行为期12周的实验干预。结果显示：体能建模后,BMI、肺活量（VC）、坐位体前屈（SR）、仰卧起坐/引体向上（SU/PU）、800m/1000m、50m、立定跳远（SLJ）等7项指标"时段"主效应,BMI、SR、SU/PU、800m/1000m、50m、SLJ等6项指标"时段×运动负荷"、"运动负荷×反馈方式"交互效应,SR、SU/PU、800m/1000m、50m、SLJ等5项指标"运动负荷"和"反馈方式"主效应、"时段×反馈方式"交互效应均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）;PISL建模后,"运动负荷"主效应有统计学意义（P<0.05）,"反馈方式"主效应和"运动负荷×反馈方式"交互效应无统计学意义。结论：HR₁₄₀-160min是发展多项体能的关键因素,HR₁₃₀-160min对BMI保持效果、对SR干预效果更好;不同反馈方式通过不同机制影响体能结果;HR₁₄₀-160min与SF组合对发展体能的协同效应最佳;PISL受运动负荷影响,不受反馈方式、运动负荷与反馈方式交互作用的影响。     

Physical fitness of primary school children in relation to overweight prevalence and physical activity habits

A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyse, through a limited number of fitness tests, the main conditioning and coordinative abilities in children aged 8-9 years, and their relationship with gender, anthropometric variables and physical activity habits. The height and weight of 256 boys and 241 girls were measured and information about physical activity habits was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Physical performance was assessed by means of a few standardised tests: 'sit & reach', medicine-ball forward throw, standing long jump, 20 m running speed, and forward roll test. In both boys and girls, body weight and body mass index (BMI) were positively correlated with the medicine-ball throw performances and negatively correlated for the standing long jump and speed tests, while no association was found with tests measuring back flexibility and total body coordination. Daily physical activity and participation in sport were not significantly correlated with body weight and BMI, but were positively associated with children's motor performance. The standardised fitness tests selected in the current study have been found to be suitable to identify fitness levels of primary school children. Thanks to their limited number and ease of measurement, they can be used in any school context to classify children and for monitoring the effects of targeted interventions promoting physical activity.     

定向运动健身方案对中学生体质影响的实验研究

目的针对目前学生体质存在的心肺功能和耐力素质下降等问题,探寻一种适合在学校开展、符合学生兴趣特点,发展有氧耐力效果良好的运动健身方案,达到增强学生体质的最终目标。方法选取西安市第六中学初二年级125名学生,按自然班分为实验班和对照班,其中实验班63名学生进行为期10周定向运动健身指导,并对所有学生进行实验前后体质指标测试。结果定向运动健身方案实施后学生心肺功能(台阶指数和肺活量)、有氧耐力(1 000 m/800 m)和身体素质(立定跳远、左右横跨和闭眼单脚站立)指标均有明显提高,与实验前相比呈显著性差异。结论定向运动健身方案对发展学生心肺功能和有氧耐力具有良好的效果,其他内蒙古素质也有不同程度地改善,达到了提高学生体质的目的 ,为定向运动以健身方案的形式引入中学校园,科学合理地指导学生进行体育锻炼提供实践基础。