国家科委确定高新技术范围

国家科委新近划定了高新技术企业范围和认可条件,高新技术范围包括:电子科学和电子信息技术,空间科学和航空航天技术,光电子科学和光电机一体化技术,生命科学和生物工程技术,材料科学和新材料技术,能源科学以及新能源和高效节能技术,生态科学和环境保护技术,地球科学和海洋工程技术,基本物质科学和辐射技术,医药科学和生物医学工程,其他在传统产业基础上应用的新工     

美国儿童社会领域课程标准述评

美国社会教育研究会发布了全美社会领域课程的标准,它由十条主线构成,即文化,时间、连续和变化,人物、场所和环境,个体发展和个性,个体、群体和机构,权力、权威和管理,生产、分配和消费,科学、技术和社会,全球联系,公民的理想和实践。每条主线都提出了对于儿童的期望和适合儿童的主题。这个标准具有结构性和综合性、具体性和全面性、系列性和实用性的特点。     

论当今霸权主义和强权政治的表现及特点

本文探究霸权主义和强权政治的由来,分析和研究当今霸权主义和强权政治的表现和特点,旨在揭露霸权主义和强权政治的罪恶,认识和明确反对当今霸权主义和强权政治斗争的长期性和艰巨性,进一步提高反对当今霸权主义和强权政治斗争的针对性和有效性.     

农民学习者参加现代远程学习的问题与对策

农民学习者被现代远程教育众多优势所吸引,基于多方面需求和愿望参加学习和培训。对于在学习过程中遇到的问题和困难,除了农民学习者努力提高自身学习能力,远程教育机构和教师要根据农民学习的特征和实际,完善相关制度和措施,优化教学策略和方法,强化服务观念和细化服务内容,保障学习的持续性和有效性,不断提高学习质量,增强学习效果。     

近十年中国高校继续教育研究综述

近十年来,学术界关于中国高校继续教育的定位和意义,目标和内容,教学和管理,问题和对策,发展和模式等作了一定的探讨和研究,本文将对此进行整理和综述。     

论高效课堂中三维目标的落实策略

新课改背景下的高效课堂,既不能离开过程和方法、情感态度和价值观去求得知识和能力,也不能离开知识和能力去空讲过程和方法与情感态度和价值观的发展,应从逐层推进知识和能力目标,切己体察过程和方法目标,深刻领悟情感态度和价值观目标来落实,使这三个方面相互作用,融为一体。     

仁爱至和 笃行达慧——至和教育的理念体系与实践体系构建

至和是发展的理想目标和不断改进不断完善的过程,至和教育是一种教育实践。学校以"仁爱至和,笃行达慧"为核心理念与校训,构建了完整的理念体系。实践上,致力于实施至和学校管理,培养至和教师团队,建设至和课程体系,追求至和课堂教学,打造至和物质景观,营造至和家校关系。     

关于弘扬和培育先进思想意识的思考

当今弘扬和培育先进思想意识具有重要的现实意义,也是教育部门不可推卸的神圣任务。要弘扬和培育经济发展是第一要务和以人为本的意识,要弘扬和培育辩证思维的意识,要弘扬和培育创新进取和先进文化意识,要弘扬和培育责任意识,要弘扬和培育平和宽厚的意识,要弘扬和培育社会主义民主与法制的意识,要弘扬和培育公平公正的意识,要弘扬和培育诚信友爱的意识,要弘扬和培育换位思考的意识,要弘扬和培育勤俭节约的意识。     

巧用比较教学法于语文教学之中

比较教学法就是通过不同的教学内容间的比较,以鉴别异同,总结规律,促进知识理解和转化的教学方法。比较教学法类型较多,主要有同类比较和异类比较,横向比较和纵向比较,静态比较和动态比较,全面比较和重点比较,共性比较和异点比较,现成比较和虚拟比较,等等。     

巧用比较教学法于语文教学之中

比较教学法就是通过不同的教学内容间的比较,以鉴别异同,总结规律,促进知识理解和转化的教学方法。比较教学法类型较多,主要有同类比较和异类比较,横向比较和纵向比较,静态比较和动态比较,全面比较和重点比较,共性比较和异点比较,现成比较和虚拟比较,等等。     

Shear strengthening of pre-damaged reinforced concrete beams with carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet strips

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the response of pre-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beam strengthened in shear using applied-epoxy unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet. The reasearch included four test rectangular simply supported RC beams in shear capacity. One is the control beam, two RC beams are damaged to a predetermined degree from ultimate shear capacity of the control beam, and the last beam is left without pre-damaged and then strengthened with using externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer to upgrade their shear capacity. We focused on the damage degree to beams during strengthening, therefore, only the beams with side- bonded CFRPs strips and horizontal anchored strips were used. The results show the feasibility of using CFRPs to restore or increase the load-carrying capacity in the shear of damaged RC beams. The failure mode of all the CFRP-strengthened beams is debonding of CFRP vertical strips. Two prediction available models in ACI-440 and fib European code were compared with the experimental results.     

Seismic behavior of steel reinforced ultra high strength concrete column and reinforced concrete beam connection

To investigate the seismic behavior of connections composed of steel reinforced ultra high strength concrete （SRUHSC） column and reinforced concrete （RC） beam, six interior strong-column-weak-beam connection specimens were tested subjected to reversal cyclic load. Effects of applied axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio on ductility, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and rigidity degradation were discussed. It was found that all connection specimens failed in bending in a ductile manner with a beam plastic hinge. The ductility and energy dissipation capacity increased with the decrease of applied axial load ratio or increase of volumetric stirrup ratio. The displacement ductility coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient lay between those of steel reinforced ordinary concrete connection and those of reinforced concrete connection. The applied axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio had less influence on the strength degradation and more influence on the stiffness degradation. The stiffness degraded sharply with the decrease of volumetric stirrup ratio or increase of applied axial load ratio. The experimental results indicate that SRUHSC column and RC beam connection exhibited better seismic performance and can provide reference for engineering application.     

Deflection analysis of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer under long-term load action

This paper presents the results of an experimental research on reinforced concrete beams strengthened with an external carbon fibre reinforced polymer(CFRP) layer under long-term load action that lasted for 330 d.We describe the characteristics of deflection development of the beams strengthened with different additional anchorages of the external carbon fibre composite layer during the period of interest.The conducted experiments showed that the additional anchorage influences the slip of the external layer with respect to the strengthened element.Thus,concrete and carbon fibre composite interface stiffness decreases with a long-term load action.Therefore,the proposed method of analysis based on the built-up-bars theory can be used to estimate concrete and carbon fibre composite interface stiffness in the case of long-term load.     

面向对象的钢筋混凝土工具箱软件的开发

自行开发了钢筋混凝土设计工具箱软件,软件具有图形界面,可以完成混凝土基本构件的设计、校核.基于面向对象分析方法,将软件的设计体系拆分为用户界面对象、计算对象、数据库对象,从而很好地解决了传统设计的过度耦合化,以及用户界面的过于松散的问题,并讨论了开发该软件过程中的各种问题.     

Transfer of persistence across reinforced behaviors

Rats barpressed for food on a variable-interval schedule and then received food in a runway for one of three degrees of effort. Finally, all animals again barpressed for food. Requiring five runway shuttles per food pellet produced a greater subsequent rate of barpressing than reward for each shuttle, which, in turn, yielded more barpressing than free food. A follow-up study showed the five-shuttle treatment to produce more subsequent barpressing than a control condition which omitted any runway treatment. Another experiment indicated that the higher rate of barpressing following the five-shuttle treatment was not due to greater conditioned general activity, since the five-shuttle treatment failed to increase the number of grid crossings to the cue of food presentation and produced no more unconditioned barpressing than following free food in the runway. Two possible interpretations of the results were compared: (1) The degree of accustomed effort per reinforcer becomes a generalized component of instrumental behavior, (2) high effort increases the habituation of frustration-produced disruptive responses.     

UHPC在混凝土梁的加固应用研究进展

超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Concrete,UHPC)已经在混凝土结构的加固中得到广泛的应用。对在役混凝土梁常见的病害及工程中常用加固方法的优缺点,以及UHPC应用于混凝土梁加固的技术可行性、优缺点、应用前景进行分析,并对既有的UHPC加固梁的施工工艺、受力性能及计算方法等进行综述。研究结果表明:与传统的加固方法相比,采用UHPC对钢筋混凝土梁进行加固,无论在技术可行性、结构耐久性和工程造价方面,均存在明显的优势;与未加固的混凝土梁相比,UHPC 加固梁的承载能力和刚度等力学性能均大幅提高,且对旧桥自重的影响有限;其加固施工工艺是影响增大截面加固效果的重要因素,需结合工程案例开展系统研究;由于加固结构大多已服役数年,在计算加固构件的承载力时,初始损伤对结构承载力的折减是今后需要重点研究的问题。     

内嵌碳纤维板条抗剪加固混凝土梁性能研究

通过9根表层嵌入碳纤维增强塑料板条抗剪加固的钢筋混凝土梁和4根对比梁的静载试验,分析了构件的破坏形态、斜截面纤维应变分布特征及加固后极限承载力的影响因素。研究结果表明：嵌入式加固与外贴加固相比,可以明显地提高钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪承载力,并改变构件的变形性能。最后,在国内外研究资料的基础上,提出了加固后混凝土梁的受剪承载力计算公式,并对计算值与试验值进行了比较,结果吻合较好。     

测量加筋沥青混凝土内的裂缝扩展

利用2种不同的方法加筋沥青罩面:①在沥青混合料中加入短切玻璃纤维改善沥青混凝土的特性,②采用玻璃格珊加筋沥青混凝土.应用断裂力学方法分析沥青路面裂缝扩展机理.采用沥青混合料设计试验、三点弯曲试验和疲劳裂缝扩展试验,确定加筋沥青混凝土的临界应力强度因子KIC,测量每一种沥青罩面抗裂系统的裂缝扩展速率.本研究的主要特点是提出复合型抗裂罩面系统,分析了多层加筋沥青罩面裂缝扩展过程,推荐了若干沥青路面抗裂系统.结果证明,加筋材料可以提高沥青罩面的抗裂特性,复合型抗裂罩面系统能够有效地阻止反射裂缝的扩展.     

新FRP技术加固钢筋混凝土矩形柱改善延性的试验研究

Reinforced concrete （RC） columns lacking adequately detailed transverse reinforcement do not possess the necessary ductility to dissipate seismic energy during a major earthquake without severe strength degradation. In this paper, a new retrofit method, which utilized fiber-reinforced plastics （FRP） confinement mechanism and anchorage of embedded bars, was developed aiming to retrofit non-ductile large RC rectangular columns to prevent the damage of the plastic hinges. Carbon FRP （CFRP） sheets and glass FRP （GFRP） bars were used in this test, and five scaled RC columns were tested to examine the function of this new method for improving the ductility of columns. Responses of columns were examined before and after being retrofitted. Test results indicate that this new composite method can be very effective to improve the anti-seismic behavior of non-ductile RC columns compared with normal CFRP sheets retrofitted column.     

钢筋混凝土实验的集约分层式教学模式

针对钢筋混凝土实验教学改革的难点提出了钢筋混凝土实验的集约分层式教学模式.从钢筋混凝土实验教学的现状出发,借鉴国内各高校的成功经验,结合钢筋混凝土实验的课程特点和改革难点,创造性地提出了钢筋混凝土实验的集约分层式教学模式并进行了教学实践.该文提出的集约分层式教学模式使教学资源得到了优化配置,提高了教学效率,实现了钢筋混凝土实验教学的可持续发展.