谈验证性实验与探究性实验的融合

验证性实验与探究性实验是两类不同的实验教学活动方式,在大力提倡探究性实验教学的同时,不能随意摒弃验证性实验,以使培养学生的创新精神和实践能力真正落到实处。     

引导学生参与物理演示实验的策略

理科教学中的演示实验能引发学生思维、激发学习兴趣，帮助学生理解记忆。但演示实验的方式不同，学生的接受程度也就不同，有时甚至相差很大。为此，文章通过对乌鲁木齐市两所中学的120名学生调查的结果得出，中学物理演示实验教学的最好的方式是：边教边实验、学生实验、课外实验；同时还提出了引导学生参与演示实验的具体措施。     

深化教学改革 提高物理化学实验教学水平

为提高物理化学实验教学的水平,培养学生创新意识,增强学习主动性,本文开展了实验教学改革工作．对原有部分实验内容进行了充实,增加设计性实验内容;提高了学时利用率;改进了开放性实验的内容和方式,充分调动了学生实验积极性,更新了综合性实验,改变了原有实验内容单一,综合性不强的弊端;同时革新了实验考核的内容和方式,使其真正起到了检验教学效果,督促学生复习巩固所学知识的作用．     

高中物理实验课堂教学的有效性初探

新课标强调高中物理实验及其教学是物理课程和物理教学的一个重要组成部分,它既是物理教学的重要基础,又是物理教学的重要内容、方法和手段,在培养学生科学素养的教育中具有独特的地位和全方位的功能。在物理实验教学活动中,教师应精心设计实验教学方式,以用于不同的实验活动,满足学生的不同需求,达成各种实验教学目标,使物理实验更适合学生的学习,促使学生积极地参与和体验。     

SMT实验教学改革探索

为培养学生综合实验素质,针对现有SMT实验课的诸多缺点和不足,分析了目前桂林电子科技大学微电子制造工程专业SMT实验教学现状,结合SMT实验教学特点,探索了利用实验辅助教学软件与网络实验教学平台的实验教学模式和改革措施,注重培养学生的综合素质和创新能力,使学生由被动学习转为主动学习,有效弥补传统实验教学方式的不足。为充分利用实验设备资源,开发了SMT虚拟实验辅助教学软件,建立实验网格教学平台,提高了学生实验的兴趣,扩展了SMT实验教学方法,取得较好的实验教学效果。     

以创新能力培养为导向的太阳能电池精品实验项目建设

精品实验项目建设对推进课程教学改革,培养学生创新实践能力,提高实验教学质量等具有十分重要的意义。太阳能电池精品实验项目构建了3个阶段培养体系,按照循序渐进的方式,各实验教学阶段采用不同的教学内容、教学方式和教学设计理念,将学生创新能力的培养有序地贯穿于整个精品实验过程。     

环境类专业开放性实验教学的认识与实践

以学生课题小组为主要形式的分散式组织方式实施开放性实验教学,既能丰富实验、实践教学内容,又提高了实验设施的利用率。通过对实验时间、空间和实验设施进行动态管理,充分满足学生课内实验教学和课外创新训练的需要,为开展实验教学研究提供支持,对实验教学分类的重新认识起到积极的促进作用。     

开设综合性、设计性生物化学实验的探索与实践——以河北北方学院医学检验学院生物化学实验教学改革为例

生物化学实验教学通过更新实验内容、增加综合性和设计性实验项目、实施以学生为中心的教学模式、改革实验教学考核方式等一系列举措,提高了学生的实验操作能力、观察分析能力、解决问题能力、归纳总结和论文写作能力,探索出实验教学改革的新思路。     

基于金属焊接虚拟实验的自主式开放创新实践

为了突出培养特色和发挥业内示范作用,中国石油大学(华东)依托教育部卓越工程师教育培养计划,研发了金属焊接专用虚拟实验教学软件,并从实验方式、实验内容和创新训练等方面构建了自主式开放实验平台。通过实验技术和实验手段的创新,实现了实验教学在时间和空间上的双重延伸,为学生提供多种实验途径。充分考虑学生在基础能力、兴趣特长和发展方向等方面的个性化差异,构建了多层次的实验教学体系,以激发学生的求知欲作为突破口,引导学生进行不同层次的自主式实验,强化大学生实践能力和创新意识的培养。     

不同民族和年级的学生协作开展设计性实验的探讨

针对新疆少数民族学生的实际情况加强实践环节的教学,将不同年级不同民族的学生组织在一起共同完成了生理学的设计性实验。在此基础上,探讨了对不同年级和不同民族的学生开设综合性和设计性实验的体会:正确认识综合性和设计性实验;注意实验的可行性;编写翔实的实验教学大纲;合理搭配民、汉语言学生和高、低年级学生;注重对学生协作能力的培养等。这种方式既提高学生对专业知识的理解,也锻炼了他们取长补短、团结协作的能力。     

Beyond the Given: Stretching Mathematical Thinking Through Journaling

This paper reflects on a teaching experiment and presents details of a pedagogical technique where students periodically write down their clearest interpretation of the conditions imposed on various discrete mathematical subjects they are learning in class. Through iterations, students generate a more complete understanding of the material, one that they themselves can justify. This experiment was conducted in the Discrete Mathematical Structures course; as it contains several subtopics, each of which uses a discrete set of elements with specific conditions. The textbook does not mention how those conditions are effectively put to use, and often uses the natural numbers as the default domain. Students are required to identify in their journals the exact properties that the elements need to have, justify how they are being put to use, and in ambitious cases attempt to sharpen them if possible. This activity can be adapted to different contexts and is not specific to the topic of Discrete Mathematical Structures.     

Objectification and semiotic function

The objective of this paper is to study students?? difficulties when they have to ascribe the same meaning to different representations of the same mathematical object. We address two theoretical tools that are at the core of Radford??s cultural semiotic and Godino??s onto-semiotic approaches: objectification and the semiotic function. The analysis of a teaching experiment involving high school students working on the tangent, shows how students?? difficulties in ascribing sense to different representations of a common mathematical object can be traced back to the kind of objectification processes and semiotic functions they are able to establish.     

训练高中学生运用英语听力策略的能力

语言熟练程度和策略使用之间关系密切。不同水平的听者使用不同的策略。策略训练的目标是教会学生怎样、何时、因何使用听力策略才能促进他们的英语学习、使用。策略训练是为了帮助学生探索一条更有效的学习外语的途径。同时鼓励学生自我评估,自我指导学习。     

Combining Laboratory Experiments with Digital Tools to Do Scientific Inquiry

This qualitative study investigates the gap between a lab experiment and theory of science. Two groups of 4 students in 2 different classes in 11th grade (15–16 years old) are followed as they process results and experiences from a lab experiment using a digital environment. The experiment is as a part of a larger project about genes and cells, and this study concerns how the digital environment can support students' sensemaking. The study shows how the students only are left with ‘how-to' skills before they engage in collaborative processing supported by their own picture from the experiment. The picture becomes a hub for interactive sensemaking and is extensively used for annotation and discussion. Four elements in the digital support are identified as crucial: an extendable point of reference, facilitation to compare and contrast, a pointer to standard science knowledge, and a structure to guide the students to significant issues. The study identifies where the digital support succeeds and fails in this process of sensemaking from a lab experiment.     

重铸纠正学生英语语法错误的实验研究

重铸是一种含蓄的否定反馈方式。国外研究表明,重铸有助于学生纠正错误。但重铸自身有一些缺点。实验结果表明,三个重铸实验组的效果均优于控制组,对于不同成绩水平的学生,三种重铸的效果有所差异。因此可以对重铸进行改造,对于不同学生类型采取不同的重铸组合类型。     

实验技术人员在实验教学改革中的作用

实验技术人员长期在实验室工作,对仪器的性能,药品的特性比较了解,对实验教学存在问题的普遍性及特殊性也较全面掌握,又跟随不同的实验教师,见过不同的实验教学方法,通过分析比较及参考其他资料,可以找到最佳的方法以改善实验效果,提高学生探索实验的积极性,促进实验教学改革.实验技术人员应充分发挥作用,协助教师指导学生做好实验.     

维吾尔族大学生汉语普通话塞音的产出实验研究

文章通过两个实验研究了现代维吾尔语开首清塞音与浊塞音的嗓音起始时间类型和维吾尔族大学生对汉语普通话送气与不送气清塞音的产出。实验一的结果表明现代维吾尔语的开首清塞音属于弱送气清音,清塞音和浊塞音两个音位范畴在其声学表现中都可以通过两个语音范畴的嗓音起始时间实现。实验二的结果表明,维吾尔族学生能够在发音中区分汉语普通话不送气和送气清塞音两种音位范畴并较准确地产出不送气清塞音,而产出的送气清塞音的嗓音起始时间较短。     

Designing to Learn About Complex Systems

Complex systems are commonly found in natural and physical science. Understanding such systems is often difficult because they may be viewed from multiple perspectives and their analysis may conflict with or extend beyond the range of everyday experience. There are many complex structural, behavioral, and functional relations to understand as well. Design activities, which allow explorations of how systems work, can be an excellent way to help children acquire a deeper, more systemic understanding of such complex domains. We report on a design experiment in which 6th grade children learned about the human respiratory system by designing artificial lungs and building partial working models. Structure-behavior-function models are used as a framework for the cognitive analysis of the domain. The design activities helped students learn about the respiratory system. The design students indeed learned more than students receiving direct instruction. They learned to view the respiratory system more systemically. As expected, because of the short time they spent on the exercise, they understood more about structure than function and more about the functions of different parts of the respiratory system than its causal behaviors. This early Learning by Design experiment makes several important suggestions about successful learning from design activities: (a) the need to define design challenges functionally; (b) the importance of dynamic feedback; (c) the need for multiple iterations toward a solution; and most important; (d) thinking about design as a system of activities and allocating time so that the full system can be carried out, allowing its full set of affordances to be realized.     

Fictitious Academic Expertise and Processing Resources

A previous study showed that pairs of students interacting in a second language produced more words when they were assigned a fictitious expert position in a specific competence dimension than when they were assigned a nonexpert position. It has also been shown that the usual level of expertise has an impact on the assigned fictitious expertise effect. The present study was designed to determine whether the processing capacity allotted to the current task could partly determine performance. A given position of expertise may demand a large or small attentional capacity. Two experiments were conducted using a dual-task paradigm. As expected, the different expertise positions led to different reaction times on the secondary task. The second experiment showed that the impact of assigning a position of expertise to students depends on their usual academic standing. This study supports the idea that in interactive situations, performance variations as a function of the expertise position can be partially explained by differences in the processing resources allocated to the task. Implications for teaching are discussed.     

极限境遇下的人性恶--《1984》与《蝇王》人性阴暗面的对照阅读

《1984》《蝇王》在描写人性恶的探索性实验中有相通之处也有不同层面的侧重，这说明两者对人性恶的描写是相互补充的。《蝇王》可以看作《1984》的前传，《1984》可以看作《蝇王》的幕后背景。将两者相互对照，可以互相补充人性探索中的盲点，使人们对人性阴暗面的认识更加全面深刻。