‘AN INTELLIGENT AND EFFECTIVE USE OF THE RIVAL SCREEN’

Through an analysis of the first British television ‘trailers’, this article explores an intersection within media history where the film industry attempted to reach out and utilise the new dissemination medium of television. Whilst this moment could be read as an attempt to control the promotion of film on British commercial television, and impose American film trailer aesthetics on the ‘rival screen’, I explore the television trailer as an early cross-media text that offered a challenge to existing trailer structure and style. By focusing on the recreation of these lost texts through trade press commentary, the article provides a new perspective on industry attitudes, media technology and media relationships in this transitional moment.     

CONSER VATION OF THE WOODEN ELEMENTS IN THE RENAISSANCE HOUSES OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

Abstract

Furunori (aged paste) is a conservation material that is used for Japanese painting conservation. Furunori is a smoother and weaker adhesive than fresh paste, and it enables the surfaces to be easily peeled apart, with application of water, in a future conservation. Due to these characteristics, furunori has traditionally been used for attaching the backing paper to paintings in Japan, because it is considered that furunori causes less stress on the paintings than fresh paste. This study aims to clarify the characteristics of furunori based on chemical analysis and examination of the microorganisms involved in the early stage of furunori generation. Based on the results obtained, a polysaccharide similar to furunori was prepared.     

“MOSQUITOES DANCING ON THE SURFACE OF THE POND”

This article examines the impact of technology on Australian conflict reporting using the experiences and insights of the practitioners themselves. There is a prevailing belief that war and foreign correspondents are more liberated and the audience better informed as technology permits immediate communication from the frontline. The article considers the challenges faced by previous generations of war correspondents and the contrasting experiences of reporting in Iraq, analysing how technology has impacted on newsgathering, military management and reporting. I argue that the magnitude of the technological changes has been considerable, and in some cases immensely positive, but in other ways technology has not mitigated past challenges in the realm of censorship, syndication, resources and competition. At the same time the journalists articulate new difficulties with instant deadlines, 24-hour news, increased syndication, and editorial expectations caused by the imperatives of infotainment and compounded by technological advancement.     

AMERICAN SPORTS WRITERS’ SOCIAL MEDIA USE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PROFESSIONALISM

American sports writers' use of social media as a newsgathering tool has influenced journalism practice, further complicating the industry's abstract definition of “professionalism.” This study builds on a pilot study published in the fall 2011 issue of Journal of Sports Media, which assessed print sports journalists' use of social media. In the current study, a survey was administered to 77 full-time print sports journalists who cover professional sports. This paper seeks to extend the pilot study and previous professional research in two ways: firstly, to assess how this specific subgroup of sports writers use Facebook and Twitter to gather information; and secondly, to analyze how these sports writers define “professionalism” and what industry factors correlate with chosen definitions, such as newspaper circulation and work superiors' attitudes toward social media. Cross-tabulations and chi-square tests were used to test hypotheses. Cramer's V or Phi, depending upon the cross-tabulation, were used to measure relationship strength. Results suggest this subset of sports writers more often uses Twitter for newsgathering purposing than Facebook. There is also a strong relationship between the frequency of Twitter usage and the definition of professionalism chosen; circulation size and instances of directly quoting from athletes' social media accounts; and age and Twitter usage.     

PERIODICALS,THE BOOK TRADE AND THE ‘BOURGEOIS PUBLIC SPHERE’

Despite recent assertions about the new prospects opened up by the literary periodicals which emerged in the years immediately following the expiry in 1695 of the Licensing of Print Act, it is apparent that, right through to the 1740s, writing for the stage remained the best prospect for a writer hoping to make a living by the pen. We should therefore be cautious before we make sweeping generalizations either about the profits to be made out of periodical publication or the expanding opportunities they presented for professional writers, let alone about the role of the periodical essays of Addison and Steele in the emergence of ‘a bourgeois public sphere’ in which hierarchy was suspended, and which was accessible to all. Despite The Spectator's advocacy of polite rational exchange, historical consideration of the periodical press at this time reveals a high degree of political partisanship.     

THE GLOBAL MEDIA AND THE EMPIRE OF LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM,CIRCA 1910–301

This article briefly sketches the rise of the global media system after the mid-1860s before turning to the transformation of that system during the First World War and until the end of the 1920s. In particular, we look at how technological changes, especially the development of wireless and, by late 1926, short-wave radio, were dealt with by the companies that ran the world's vast network of undersea cables, news organizations and governments. We show that responses to new technologies varied greatly, with some trying to blunt their impact while others embraced them. Mergers and acquisitions were a key response to the new technologies and to the worldwide economic boom of the 1920s. However, by the end of the decade, the economic logic behind these changes was eclipsed by a discourse of technological determinism, nationalistic corporate patriotism and imperial security. These ideological discourses underpinned a series of mergers throughout Europe and Britain, most notably the formation of Cable and Wireless in 1929. Similar pressures were at play in the USA, notably in RCA and the International Telephone and Telegraph Company's own bid to create a global multimedia conglomerate, although restrictions on cross-media ownership in the Radio Act (1927) and Congressional concern about the formation of a military–communications–media complex stymied the attempt. Altogether, however, the reorganization of the global media business at the end of the 1920s reflected and reinforced the collapse of this early era of globalization – the empire of liberal internationalism – and the rise of a new geopolitical–economic regime based on the struggle for the control of global communication, virulent nationalism and relative autarchy, not to be reversed until the revival of globalization in our own times.     

THE ‘RADICAL’ NARRATIVE,POLITICAL THOUGHT AND PRAXIS

This article offers a methodological refinement to the radical narrative of media history and advocates an exploration of the ideological dynamics of media texts as a crucial component of their praxis. Focusing on early to mid nineteenth-century utilitarian theory and praxis as exemplified in newspapers and pamphlets such as the Westminster Review, the Examiner and Pamphlets for the People, the article offers a sophisticated ideological critique which is intended to augment radical analyses of media history. This analysis allows a more focused and precise account of the ways in which early proto-liberal reformers used the press in their political strategy. Despite the Philosophic Radicals Mill, John S. 1873. Autobiography, London: Longmans, Green and Dyer.  [Google Scholar] having democratic aspirations, the article identifies inherent paternalistic and oppressive components of this praxis which has their seeds in classical Greek political thought.     

UNIVERSITIES,PUBLIC SERVICE RADIO AND THE ‘AMERICAN SYSTEM’ OF COMMERCIAL BROADCASTING, 1921–40

In the second half of the nineteenth century, several Hebrew journals were established, creating a new cross-communal printed public sphere. At the time, Hebrew was merely a language embedded within the two languages of daily communication – spoken Jewish vernacular (Yiddish in Eastern European communities) and the state vernacular. It lacked an active basic vocabulary for many spheres of modern life and was no longer used in everyday or political discussion. In this paper, I investigate the linguistic choice of Hebrew by comparing three of the main nineteenth-century journals – HaMaggid, HaMelitz and HaTzfira. The reasons for using Hebrew were distinct and individual for each journal. Yet, I argue that choosing Hebrew had more indirect, national repercussions: even when it was not the primary rationale for its use, journalistic Hebrew acted as a catalyst for the rise of modern Jewish nationalism.     

JOURNAL OF THE CHINA SOCIETY FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION Vol.20 2001 CONTENTS

№ 1ＩｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｖｅｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｅｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｓｅｓＨｕｏＧｕｏｑｉｎｇａｎｄＹａｎｇＹｉｎｇ(2 )ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｗｅａｌｔｈｏｆｓｏｃｉｅｔｙｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓＸｕｅＦｅｉａｎｄＹａｎｇＬａｎ(10 )Ｓｏｃｉａｌｓｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ———Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｑｕａｌｉｔｙｓｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｉｏｎｉｎｔｈ…     

BRITISH COMPANY MAGAZINES, 1878–1939: THE ORIGINS AND FUNCTIONS OF HOUSE JOURNALS IN LARGE-SCALE ORGANISATIONS

In the 1880s company magazines began to appear in large-scale British organizations. By the 1930s almost every corporation had one. Based on business archives and using a combination of business and media history, this article attempts to map the rise and spread of the company magazine. At the same time, it examines the organizational roles and functions of this media. Company magazines came to perform a number of important roles within large-scale business such as the construction of corporate identity, the creation of organizational culture, the validation and negation of managerial power and the evolution of industrial welfare. It is the multi-faceted nature of the company magazine that suggests the rise in its importance, and also its centrality to those interested in the relationship between business and media history.     

COLOURMEN’S CANVAS STAMPS AS AN AID TO DATING PAINTINGS: A CLASSIFICATION OF WINSOR AND NEWTON CANVAS STAMPS FROM 1839–1920

Abstract

The role of colourmen’s canvas stamps in dating paintings is discussed. A series of 16 Winsor and Newton canvas stamps is illustrated in conjunction with a dating table, the resulting system being of practical use for dating paintings bearing Winsor and Newton canvas stamps.     

MEDIA CRITIQUE,AGONISTIC RESPECT AND THE (IM)POSSIBILITY OF A “REALLY QUITE PRETENTIOUS” LIMINAL SPACE

This essay reflects on the blogosphere reaction to a journal article of mine about the relationship between journalists and media academics in Aotearoa New Zealand. Much of the response reenacted the original essay's argument about journalistic antagonisms towards critical theoretical scholarship. I resituate the reaction in terms of the original essay's objectives, and discuss the chaotic nature of these academic field/journalistic field exchanges. I argue that it would be a mistake to simply dismiss the blogosphere attacks, because that would merely reinscribe my identity in the blind antagonistic frame I had originally critiqued. Instead, revisiting aspects of the original essay that were subsequently ignored, I elaborate on the implications of William Connolly's call for an ethos of “agonistic respect” both for the articulation of an engaged counter-response and the interrogation of political and cultural antagonisms more generally.