In search of a useful theory of the productive potential of intellectual property rights

Mainstream theory, which has informed the belief systems regarding the operation as well as the predicted social and economic effects of IPR systems, cannot explain why the IPR system generates different performance results and varying potential for growth across the firms, sectors and nations participating in the IPR system. This paper sketches a theory of the ‘productive potential of intellectual property rights’ which is able to do just that. Focusing on the ‘rules of the game’ embedded in the institutional IPR environment and the ‘play of the game’ within the alternative institutions of IPR governance, the paper emphasizes the importance of the nature or quality of the relationships among IPR stakeholders and the contribution of such relationships to the processes of financial and non-financial value creation and distribution from IPRs. The central role of cooperation, asymmetric relationships, and the effective resolution of conflicting interests amongst stakeholders is addressed. It is suggested that the proposed framework provides a better starting point for the design of IPR policy and management.     

对创新理论的再认识

创新概念正随着时代的变化而发生改变，创新有多种可能解释，对大多数人来说是一个很难把握的概念。本文试图从不同的角度来重新审视创新，使人们更好地了解创新的内涵，从而为创新活动提供依据。     

区域创新的超循环理论

借鉴了超循环理论的基本原理,系统地阐释区域创新的超循环发展理论,并力求运用公理化方法整体性表述理论。     

A theory of grand innovation prizes

The past decade has witnessed a resurgence in innovation awards, in particular of grand innovation prizes (GIPs) which are rewards to innovators developing technologies reaching performance goals and requiring breakthrough solutions. GIPs typically do not preclude the winner also obtaining patent rights. This is in stark contrast with mainstream economics of innovation theories where prizes and patents are substitute ways to generate revenue and encourage innovation. Building on the management of innovation literature which stresses the difficulty to specify ex-ante all the technical features of the winning technologies, we develop a model in which innovative effort is multi-dimensional and only a subset of innovation tasks can be measured and contracted upon. We show that in this environment patent rights and cash rewards are complements, and that GIPs are often preferable to patent races or prizes requiring technologies to be placed in the public domain. Moreover, our model uncovers a tendency for patent races to encourage speed of discovery over quality of innovation, which can be corrected by GIPs. We explore robustness to endogenous entry, costly public funds, and incomplete information by GIP organizers on the surplus created by the technology.     

技术创新TMR三维理论

对技术创新过程的描述是技术创新研究的重要内容。目前有三种不同的理论。本文作者对技术创新过程采用技术-经济-产权一体化的方法，从三个最重要的要素进行把握。这种用技术、经济与产权三维的、动态的方式描述创新过程的方法，就是本文提出的技术创新TMR三维理论。     

In search of the sea monster

The sea monster played an important part in launching the Danish Galathea Deep Sea Expedition of 1950-1952. Part scientific object, part media darling and part fundraising strategy, the sea monster brought scientists, journalists and politicians together in support of the expedition. The scientific leader of the expedition, Anton F. Bruun, contended the scientific reality of such a creature; the leader of the press section attached to the expedition, Hakon Mielche, dreamt of the grand headlines finding the sea monster would attract; and everyone involved used the 'poor little thing' to promote the expedition to sponsors and in public.     

In search of a missing link

Knowledge Management Research & Practice - A variety of indicators suggest that knowledge management (KM), as a field of study and practice, is here to stay. Although still in a formative...     

反思科学理论创新之谜

文章对“创新”一词的涵义进行探讨,然后重点反思自然科学理论创新的基本阶段、基本方法以及认识论的根源。     

基于国家创新理论的民营科技企业创新服务体系构建

国家创新理论形成历经了李斯特的国家体系理论、熊彼特的创新理论、技术创新经济学与制度创新经济学等阶段.把握国家创新理论的要义有助于为我们构建民营科技企业创新服务体系作出指导.当前,我们应该从政府制度供给、中介机构的知识沟通以及大学或科研机构知识创新等三个层面来构建民营科技企业创新服务体系.     

In search of the lost fossil record

The fossil record consists largely of the debris of innumerable skeletons. Very rarely, however, the soft-tissues that normally are subject to rapid decay are preserved. The mechanisms for such soft-part preservation are obscure, but often appear to involve early mineralization that is bacterially mediated. Spectacular examples of exceptional preservation include replacement by pyrite, phosphatization, and early growth of siderite nodules. Faunas such as the Burgess Shale and Solnhofen Plattenkalk give unique glimpses into past life.     

区域创新理论的形成与发展

文章主要从创新思想的萌芽、熊彼特开创的创新经济学、熊彼特之后学者们对创新理论的发展、创新发展的演化理论、创新地理学等五个方面回顾了区域创新理论的形成与发展过程,并对区域创新发展过程的复杂性进行了简要的评述。     

创新文化及其作用机制的研究述评

在国内外文献研究的基础上,从创新文化的概念内涵、要素结构、类型模式、形成机制以及创新文化与创新绩效的效应关系等方面进行归纳概括,指出该领域研究存在的问题,指明未来研究可能发展的方向.     

Science-based innovation: the blind spot of knowledge management theory

Knowledge Management Research & Practice - This paper argues that knowledge management theory needs to explore the literature on how science-based work is organized, managed, and monitored. To...     

基于TRIZ理论面向企业技术创新平台的构建

在介绍TRIZ理论及其应用的基础上,分析了基于TRIZ理论面向企业技术创新平台的内涵和建设目标与原则,探讨了基于TRIZ理论面向企业技术创新平台的基本结构和各子平台的功能,以期为产学研合作创新平台的建构提供具体的思路,加强学校与企业科技创新的合作与交流。     

用SPA同异反系统理论研究知识创新规律

知识是一个系统 ,知识创新是知识系统演化的一项重要内容。知识创新有其自身的规律 ,用SPA同异反系统理论研究知识创新规律是非常有意义的一个课题     

技术创新融资中的信息不对称及治理

本文运用非对称信息的理论框架分析了技术创新融资中信息不对称的表现,认为主体分离、信息渠道不畅和高度的专业性是信息不对称的主要形成原因。最后针对信息不对称的各种成因结合我国的实际情况提出了解决问题的几个思路和政策建议。     

Selective search, sectoral patterns, and the impact on product innovation performance

The shift toward more open and interconnected innovation activities has been a major topic in recent academic and practitioner discussions. Firms must connect their in-house R&D activities with external partners, such as leading customers or universities, to increase the effectiveness of their innovation activities. Hence, management needs to define where to search for valuable knowledge in its environment. In this paper we argue that knowledge search has to reflect the heterogeneity of various knowledge sources with regard to the knowledge they can provide and how these sources can be activated. We hypothesize that search strategies driven by science, suppliers and the product market will contribute differently to innovation success with new-to-market versus imitated products. Moreover, we explore the effect of these types of knowledge search within different sectoral patterns of innovation. Our empirical analysis rests on a sample of almost 5000 firms from five Western European countries. The results support our hypotheses and highlight the potentials and shortcomings of different types of knowledge search.