航空维修系统工作分析

航空维修系统运行一段时间后环境会发生显著变化,将导致岗位说明书不符合现有的职责和任务,人员培训不够到位、人员编制禁锢组织的发展、绩效考核和薪酬也不能体现各岗位的实际工作水平、公司员工的士气大大下降等问题,文章指出解决动态环境变化所引发问题的办法是综合或交叉使用年度工作分析和适时工作分析;工作分析的综合方法——任务分析,在岗位设置、潜在错误的评估和防范、人员资格要求的开发、工序的开发和评估以及培训大纲的开发和评价等领域有着广泛地应用;当组织所在的环境发生动态变化时,应通过年度或适时工作分析,解决组织环境变化导致的各种制度问题。     

创先争优活动是推动服务型高职院基层党组织建设的有效途径

高等职业技术学院是高等职业教育的主体,在明确服务型高职院基层党组织建设的核心任务的前提下,在各级支部开展创先争优活动,切实发挥创先争优活动的作用,可以有效地推动服务型高职院基层党组织的建设.     

企业科技人员职业技术培训的组织形式与流程设计模式研究

揭示了当前企业科技人员职业技术培训的组织形式和流程设计存在的不足的现状,指出开展企业科技人员职业技术培训既要创新其组织形式又要创新其流程设计,提出了企业科技人员职业技术培训的组织形式的"六员"模式:决策人员、管理人员、主办人员、授课人员、服务人员和受培人员等,以及提出了企业科技人员职业技术培训的流程设计"五步"模式及其23项细化内容,并以开展广东省烟草专卖人员质量技术监督知识与技能培训为例进行了实证研究.研究表明:用企业科技人员职业技术培训的"六员"模式和流程设计"五步"模式来指导开展企业科技人员职业技术培训,成效显著.     

战略性情报软课题的组织与实施

2010年7月,我室接受了科技部中国国际核聚变能源计划执行中心和中核集团公司联合下达的大型战略性情报软课题——我国核聚变能源研究发展技术预测和战略途径研究的研究任务。从2010年7月27日课题启动到2011年7月26日提交调研报告,用时1年。在课题组全体人员的努力下,经过文献资料收集、调研,文献阅读消化提炼、提纲确定、初稿撰写,内容分析和优化、课题组内部初审、专家审稿,修改等环节,2011年7月26日正式完成50万字,340页的调研报告。这是我室建室以来第一次承担这样大型的国家软课题调研和研究任务。通过这项工作,为我室今后更好地开展和接受相关课题研究,锻炼队伍,开展与同行业相关学科及国际前沿课题关注领域的比较分析等知识服务工作,为我院深入开展科学研究提供信息支持奠定了良好的开端。本文回顾和总结了我室对该战略性情报软课题的组织和实施工作。     

21世纪高校图书馆机构设置现状研究——基于“211工程”高校图书馆网站调研

利用网络对“211工程”高校图书馆网站的机构设置情况进行调研,并对调研结果进行统计分析,同时将高校图书馆机构设置情况进行纵向比较。目前高校图书馆机构设置模式还是以职能式为其绝对主导地位,机构数量逐渐增加,部门名称极不规范,但是其机构设置也随着环境与读者需求的变化而有所改变,增加了许多含有信息社会化元素的部门,加强了学科分馆、特色馆藏建设与学科服务,出现了与图书馆发展战略与评价研究相关的部门,但是图书馆宣传推广、知识产权保护没有得到重视。在对高校图书馆机构设置模式研究的基础上,提出了21世纪高校图书馆机构设置的三种模式。     

Organizational environment, changing economic conditions, and the effective supervision of technical personnel: A management challenge

Industry's share of R&D funding is increasing while, at the same time, the half-life of technology is decreasing. This condition increases the pressure on technical managers to produce research that is creative and innovative but, at the same time, sensitive to the “bottom line.” Six conditions within the context of the organization play an important role in the management of technical employees: 1) Uncertainty in the work place increases the need for a supportive organizational climate and high information sharing, 2) Compensation appears to produce both functional and dysfunctional consequences for motivation, 3) Engineering personalities have a tendency to favor autonomous, challenging, and meaningful assignments, 4) Organizational structures influence the engineer's ability to process information, 5) The structure of the engineering task has been shown to affect job satisfaction, and 6) Career choices become an important consideration for mature engineers. Each of these issues, if not properly managed, can lead to stress, burnout and eventual employee turnover. Most important however, is the fact that if they are not managed properly, creative output from R&D organizations declines at a time when industry is assuming a greater share of the funding. When creativity declines, a reduction in the number of innovative solutions for products and processes is certain to follow. This condition can lead to serious problems when markets are changing dynamically. This paper reviews research findings related to each of the preceding issues and, discusses the role that each of them plays in the management of engineers and technical personnel. At the end of each discussion we provide some propositions worthy of further research.     

Technical change and the industrial district: The role of interfirm relations in the growth and transformation of ceramic tile production in Italy

This paper considers two aspects of technical change in the ceramic tile industry in Italy: firstly, the process of invention, adoption and diffusion of new techniques in the industry; secondly, the impact of forces of a technical nature in shaping the industrial structure.The process of technical change is examined in the light of the interrelationships between firms and their proximity. These are crucial elements characterizing an “industrial district”, whose boundaries go beyond the industry defined on a product basis. The industrial district is adopted as unit of analysis of the process of technical change. Moreover, economic, social and institutional features are considered. In this context the historical developments of new techniques are discussed in terms of the constraints to the established position of the firm at a particular time.Among the determinants of the ceramic tile industrial structure, economies of scale have had a minor role. The pattern of vertical disintegration we observe in the industry is - instead - closely related to the technical developments in the industry through the effects of technical change on the product and process specialization of the production units operating in the industrial district.     

Review and discussion: E-learning for academia and industry

This paper presents a high level review and discussion about e-learning and proposes the use of interactive learning as a recommended method for staff training in industry and academia. Interactive learning is focused on the integrated e-learning and face-to-face learning to ensure that the process of learning can stimulate learners' interests, report their progress and have tutors to provide their feedback and guide learners to the expected targets. Learning activities and varieties have been illustrated with discussion about how industry and academia can use interactive learning. Five successful examples of interactive learning to demonstrate the effectiveness of interactive learning. Positive impacts have been reported in RBS, SMEs using SAP, University of Cambridge, University of Greenwich and Leeds Beckett University to support the positive outcomes for learners and trainers. Future directions have been discussed, particularly the use of emerging services can enhance the learning experience and satisfaction for learners and trainers.     

Technological knowledge base, R&D organization structure and alliance formation: Evidence from the biopharmaceutical industry

We explore how an incumbent firm's internal knowledge and organization structure influences its strategic alliance formation. We propose that the firm's knowledge breadth and the centrality of its R&D organization structure positively influence its absorptive capacity, and consequently, its propensity to form strategic alliances. We also argue that the centrality of the R&D organization structure may be a substitute for the breadth of the knowledge base. We validate our ideas using data on 2647 strategic alliances formed over the period of 1993-2002 by 43 major biopharmaceutical firms in the U.S. and Europe. Our discussion focuses on the application of the knowledge-based view of the firm to strategic alliance research. The implications for public policy in the biopharmaceutical industry are also emphasized.     

Why the whole is less than the sum of its parts: Examining knowledge management in acquisitions

This paper seeks to explain why an acquiring organization was unable to leverage the expertise of the acquired organization even though both organizations were highly successful in their own right prior to the acquisition. It offers a knowledge-based perspective by teasing out the essential knowledge attributes pertinent to acquisitions. The research was carried out using an interpretative case study methodology at a Singapore-based multinational organization in the semi-conductor industry. The main data collection method used was face-to-face interviews with some 28 staff from October 2006 to December 2006, almost 2 years after the acquisition exercise. The findings suggest that the lackluster outcome could be traced to three knowledge attributes, namely, accessibility, applicability and cumulativeness. In conclusion, a number of practical and research implications are highlighted.     

不断深化"太行山道路"推动学校科技与地方经济协调发展

河北农业大学的科技工作面向地方经济建设的主战场,准确定位,精心组织,协同攻关,求实创新,积极探索科技开发和成果转化的新机制,为不断拓展和深化“太行山道路”提供了强有力的技术支撑,形成了高校科技工作和区域经济建设协调发展的良性循环。     

论大学与科研机构中的准正式组织

摘要：通过与正式组织、非正式组织的比较研究,本文提出了准正式组织这一新概念。在分析阐述准正式组织基本特征的基础上,对大学与科研结构中的准正式组织类型及其与正式组织的交互作用进行了探讨。     

水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项组织实施管理体制优化研究

系统介绍了水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（以下简称“水专项”）组织实施的现状;从项目管理机制、监督机制、考核激励机制等方面剖析了水专项行政管理组织实施存在的问题;从技术组织、技术突破、技术成果转化等方面剖析了水专项技术管理组织实施存在的问题;针对水专项组织实施管理体制提出了优化建议：从行政管理层面：（1）明确水专项职能定位,厘清任务边界,形成广泛共识;（2）建立协调机制,确保专项组织实施的相关方衔接顺畅;（3）创新研发模式,建立专业化机构,促进行政与技术的深度融合;从技术管理层面：（1）统一指标体系,实施适用于水专项管理特点的绩效考评机制;（2）强化标志性成果产出,突破重大关键技术,形成整装成套的技术装备;（3）搭建成果转化平台,推动技术产业化,解决科研管理与成果转化“两张皮”问题。     

Individualism–collectivism and tenure intent among knowledge workers in India and Bulgaria: Moderating effects of equity perceptions and task interdependence

In the present study, using a sample of 367 employees (219 from India and 148 from Bulgaria), we examined whether task interdependence and equity perceptions moderated the relationship between individualism–collectivism orientation and tenure intent. Results indicated that employees with a higher level of collectivism orientation tended to report greater intent to stay with the organization. Further, employees with a higher level of individualism orientation reported greater intent to stay with the organization when task interdependence was lower and equity perceptions were higher. Employees with a higher level of collectivism reported greater intent to stay with the organization when equity perceptions were higher regardless of whether tasks were interdependent or not. Finally, employees, regardless of their individualism or collectivism orientation, reported the lowest tenure intent when tasks were highly interdependent and equity perceptions were low. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

我国模块化生产网络发展战略研究

20世纪90年代以来,随着模块化技术在产品设计、研发、生产等领域的广泛应用,使模块化生产网络逐渐发展成为一种新兴的产业组织形态。实践证明,在全球化和信息化条件下,模块化生产网络对产业发展和组织优化能起到非常重要的作用。因此,如何通过政府、企业和中间性组织的合力效应,充分把握模块化所带来的巨大商机,使产业和企业主动地融入到全球模块化生产网络中分享利益,促进产业组织模块化的形成和发展,将是当前我国产业组织优化的重中之重。     

PPP模式下农地整理项目前期阶段效率影响机理研究

我国传统自上而下的农地整理项目实施模式总体效率偏低,近年来湖南等地在农地整理项目中尝试性地引入了PPP模式并取得较好的效果,本文以前期阶段为例深入研究该模式下农地整理项目的效率影响机理有助于最大限度地提高项目的效率.本文在阐述农地整理项目PPP模式内涵的基础上,分析了PPP模式下农地整理项目前期阶段效率影响的体系结构,并进一步提出了项目前期阶段国土部门、投资企业、农户、村委会各主体参与行为的影响因素和由土地权属调整的科学性、规划设计方案的合理性及农业产业支撑项目的高效性所组成的项目效率目标,从而构建了PPP模式下农地整理项目前期阶段效率影响机理的结构方程理论模型.运用问卷调研数据检验并修正该理论模型,结果表明:投资企业的投资与实施对PPP模式下农地整理项目前期阶段的效率影响最大,其次是村委会的组织与协调,而国土部门的监督管理与农户的参与行为影响相对较小.在实证研究结论基础上,提出了PPP模式下农地整理项目前期阶段效率提升的对策建议.     

江西省中等职业教育专业设置与区域产业结构适应性分析

要更好地实现江西省中等职业教育与区域产业结构的适应性,需要继续支持农林牧渔类专业,扩大二次产业专业规模,着力培养紧缺型技术型人才。在保持服务类专业的主体地位的同时,控制服务类招生规模的过快增长。     

软科学思想的杰出运用——以深圳发展银行金融业务创新管理为例

深圳发展银行在业务发展困境中将软科学思想成功运用于金融业务流程再造、金融资源新配置和本身金融市场地位新定位,开创国内金融创新业务范本"供应链金融"."供应链金融"打破了传统融资业务模式,面向广大中小企业开放式融资.供应链金融适应了新的生产组织体系,降低供应链上中小企业的运营成本,是软科学思想在我国产业实践中的一次经典运作,其成功经验值得探讨和借鉴.     

学科发展的集约化路径及其机制优化研究

学科是大学的基本组织单元,在大学内外部各种影响因素构成的矩阵结构中运动和发展。学科发展来源于科学研究,学科建设是学科发展的一种集约化路径,其实质是优化配置学科资源,使教学和科研统一原则在不同的学科层次具有不同的侧重点,以促进学科知识的增长和提升人才培养的质量。学科建设是大学提升科学研究水平的必然途径,也是大学开展技术创新活动的优势所在。因此,创新学科发展机制,建立科学、合理、有效的组织运行规范和科研激励制度、学科评估制度是学科组织实现跨业界、跨学科、跨团队协同创新的关键,也是大学获取集群创新效应、推进学科发展需要解决的重要问题。     

智能制造创新生态系统的功能评价体系及治理机制

我国制造业开始引用创新生态系统的知识和方法,对传统的经营方式进行升级。智能制造是新一轮产业向数字化、网络化、信息化变革的关键技术领域,促使制造业的发展理念、竞合关系等产生根本性转变,需要借助创新生态系统的思想进行系统性指导。本文梳理了创新生态系统的功能要素,从创新能力、服务能力、支持能力和发展能力四个方面构建了智能制造创新生态系统功能的评价体系。针对每个模块的功能特征,给予了相应的系统治理建议。