STEM课程校本开发的国际经验与启示

在STEM教育起步阶段,课程选择是教学实践的首要问题。通过文献分析发现,“国家或地方非营利性组织机构”提供的支持或指导型STEM课程、“第三方机构”提供的直接交付型STEM课程以及学校自主开发或与其它组织合作开发的校本开发型STEM课程构成了STEM课程可选择的三种类型。其中,兼具“学生发展立场-学校改革创新-教师专业实践”多重内涵的“校本开发型STEM课程”是办学主体实践智慧的凝结。国际上主要从教育决策、学校发展定位、教师专业发展、课程开发方法和策略等四个方面展开STEM课程校本开发的研究和实践。STEM课程校本开发的国际经验为我国STEM教育起步和发展提供了有益借鉴。     

基于设计思维的技术教育STEM整合课程研究--以“设计更好的学校”课程为例

设计是技术教育中不可忽略的关键要素之一,设计思维可为各个领域的创新工作提供策略与方法上的指导。基于此,文章首先分析了技术教育中开展基于设计思维的STEM整合课程的机遇和必要性;接着,文章以“设计”为核心理念,提出了技术教育STEM整合课程的设计理念,并以此为指导,构建了基于设计思维的技术教育STEM整合课程框架;随后,文章以“设计更好的学校”课程为例,进行了框架的实践应用;最后,文章就未来技术教育的发展提出了建议。基于设计思维的STEM整合课程将技术与数学、科学、工程进行整合,让学生基于真实的设计挑战开展实践,有助于培养学生的批判性思维、问题解决能力和创新能力。     

Experienced EFL teachers’ professional practical knowledge,reasoning and classroom decision making in Egypt: views from the inside out

This study aimed to investigate the areas that constituted the professional practical knowledge of experienced English as a Foreign Language teachers in Egypt and how their knowledge informed their classroom practice. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 236 preparatory and secondary school teachers in 38 schools through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and stimulated recall following classroom observation. Six areas of knowledge were revealed and rationalized from the participants’ responses. In addition, the teachers made decisions while teaching informed by what they knew and viewed. The findings of the study call for a knowledge-based practical approach to teacher learning and professional development.     

教师教育课程不容忽视的内容：实践性课程

从国际比较和我国教师教育需求看,教师教育实践性课程对于教师专业成长不容忽视。现象学教育学的研究、形象互动理论和实践理论对于时间的关注等,说明了实践性课程对于教师教育的必要性。实践性课程的建构与实施需要教师教育研究者与中小学教师的密切合作,需要中小学专家教师的实践智慧,需要多样化的实践形式。     

教师课程理解的改善路径

教师的课程理解直接或间接地影响到课程实施。当前部分教师课程意识尚比较淡薄,课程理解的程度有待提高,培养课程意识、调整课程理解维度、强化理论学习、研究名师课堂等措施可以有效改善教师的课程理解。     

STEM outreach activities: an approach to teachers’ professional development

Abstract

STEM outreach programmes in secondary schools are mediated by STEM teachers who are responsible for organising, implementing and evaluating the activities with a view to promoting STEM subjects. However, research investigating teachers’ STEM roles and professional development through participation in outreach activities is limited. This paper explores teachers’ views of STEM activities, how they understand their role as primary facilitators and the impact of their STEM engagement on their professional development. STEM outreach provides distinct opportunities for situated and dialogic learning. STEM teachers’ effectiveness in engaging students by demonstrating the importance and relevance of STEM subjects in the real world and engaging captivating STEM outreach partners not only supports students learning but also enhances their opportunities to develop their knowledge and skills. Semi structured interviews were conducted with eleven teachers from six different schools in the West Midlands, United Kingdom. The data reveals STEM facilitators become the ‘face’ of STEM to their pupils. The expertise, knowledge and partnerships STEM facilitators develop, broadens their capacity to deliver teaching imbued with real world applications and improve students’ understanding of the range of new and upcoming careers available. Most importantly, participating in STEM outreach activities help teachers maintain and reinforce their own sense of identity as STEM professionals. Outreach activities provide opportunities for teachers to interact with leading scientists and obtain exposure to cutting-edge research.     

教师课程意识与专业成长

教师课程意识属于社会职业意识范畴之一,是教师个体与群体基于职业实践,在其职业环境中通过履行专业职责而形成的关于课程规律的体认。课程意识指导着教师的课程实践,映射着教师职业的专业化程度。课程意识的生成与提升,需要相应的实践环境。     

课程评价:教师专业发展的又一实践平台

教师积极参与课程评价,可以打破传统课程评价的管理主义倾向和主体单一化倾向,同时也可为教师的专业发展开辟新路径。教师可以从理解的角度评价课程标准;从对话的角度评价课程内容;从发展的角度评价课程实施;从反思的角度评价课程绩效。教师一般经历从独自的缄默式评价到个人的表达式评价,然后到集体的对话式评价,最后走向内化评价阶段,最终实现教师在评价中成就自我的理想目标。     

教师课程意识与专业成长

教师课程意识属于社会职业意识范畴之一,是教师个体与群体基于职业实践,在其职业环境中通过履行专业职责而形成的关于课程规律的体认。课程意识指导着教师的课程实践,映射着教师职业的专业化程度。课程意识的生成与提升,需要相应的实践环境。     

“So,we kind of started from scratch,no pun intended”: What can students learn from designing games?

Much research attention has been focused on learning through game playing. However, very little has been focused on student learning through game making, especially in science. Moreover, none of the studies on learning through making games has presented an account of how students engage in the process of game design in real time. The present study seeks to address that gap. We report an exploratory embedded case study in which three groups of students in one classroom created a computer game designed to teach peers about climate science, while drawing on scientific knowledge, principles of game design, and computational thinking practices. Data sources were student design sheets, computer video, and audio screen capture while students created their game, and interviews after completing the curriculum unit. A theme-driven framework was used to code the data. A curricular emphasis on systems across climate systems, game design, and computational thinking practices provided a context designed to synergistically supported student learning. This embedded case study provides a rich example of what a collaborative game design task in a constructionist context looks like in a middle school science classroom, and how it supports student learning. Game design in a constructionist learning environment that emphasized learning through building a game allowed students to choose their pathways through the learning experience and resulted in learning for all despite various levels of programming experience. Our findings suggest that game design may be a promising context for supporting student learning in STEM disciplines.     

初中教师的教师知识研究:基于东北省会城市数学教师的调查

通过对哈尔滨、长春和沈阳三个省会城市的13所初中的150名数学教师的知识状况进行调查分析发现,东北省会城市初中数学教师的知识结构类型主要有均衡型、经验型和分科型。在教师的专业发展过程中,四种类型教师知识的重要性程度按照从大到小的顺序是:学科教学知识、学科知识、教育理论知识、课程知识。东北省会城市初中数学教师的教师知识状况还是比较好的,其知识发展能够适应新课程改革的需要,教龄不同、教毕业班级的次数不同的教师在教师知识上有显著差异。     

关于教师专业发展课程设置的构想

我国基础教育阶段的教师教育课程设置还处于探索阶段,既没有统一的标准,也缺乏相应的课程鉴定制度,存在诸多问题。文章在借鉴教师专业发展阶段论的基础上,结合我国职称评定制度,把基础教育阶段的教师教育区分出四类对象,同时针对不同类别教师教育对象提出课程设置的具体设想。     

制定教师教育课程标准：意义与价值

教师教育课程标准对于规范教师教育课程、提升教师教育质量、促进教师专业发展都有十分重要的意义和价值。制定教师教育课程标准是一项十分重要的工程,必须从全局性、战略性的高度认识教师教育课程标准研制工作。