Developmental counseling in United States schools: Historical background and recent trends

Summary Gysbers (1980: 9) seems to summarize the values and challenges of developmental guidance when he describes it as helping people to identify their existing competencies as well as providing learning experiences to help them develop new competencies. As a response to the worldwide movement for human rights, we can use the developmental orientation to work with individuals in our respective cultures and societies so that each may experience the joys of greater self-fulfillment.Western Illinois University     

Indochinese refugees in schools in the United States of America—Challenges and opportunities for counsellors

More than 800,000 Southeast Asian refugees have settled in the United States of America since the early 1970s. The major governmental focus on resettlement efforts for these people has been on helping them to attain economic self-sufficiency. This paper reviews research related to the adaptation of the Indochinese refugee students in schools of the United States of America. Included are reviews of: state studies in California and Illinois, the report of the follow-up study of the overseas Southeast Asian refugee training programs preparing students for United States Schools, and major research reports on progress of Southeast Asian youth toward attaining economic self-sufficiency in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, Philadelphia, and San Diego urban areas. Based on a synthesis of information from these six research reports, the author outlines role involvement for school and community agency counselors in meeting the needs of this new population.Paper Presented at the XIIIth International Round Table for the Advancement of Counseling, Changing World—Changing People, Counselling and Global Health Concerns, August 14–18, 1988 Calgary Canada.     

Violence towards children in the United States and Sweden

This paper reports the results of a cross-cultural comparison of violence towards children in the United States and Sweden. Data from the United States are based on interviews with a nationally representative sample of 1,146 households with at least one child between the ages of 3 and 17 years living at home. Data from Sweden are based on interviews with a nationally representative sample of 1,168 households with a child 3 to 17 years of age at home. Violence and abuse were measured using the Conflict Tactics Scales. In general, Swedish parents reported using less violence than did parents in the United States. There was no significant difference between the two countries in the rate of reported severe or abusive violence. The paper compares factors found associated with violence towards children in the two countries, including age, marital status, education, and parents' background. The results are analyzed by considering methodological and cultural factors that explain the similarities and differences in the use of violence towards children in the two countries.     

美国中学教科书中的几个模拟活动

本文对美国中学教科书中的几个模拟活动进行了介绍和评析。     

The United States of America

美国地处北美洲中部,东临哥。美国的居民中白人占80%以上有墨西哥人、阿拉伯人、波多黎著居民,保存着自己的文化习俗传统的音乐体裁大致有:民歌、它乐器,所以其音乐全部都是歌竞赛游戏。     

Teacher education in the United States of America

Teacher education in the United States, and undoubtedly in other countries as well, is more profoundly affected by shifts and developments in the wider intellectual and social world than by any changes, no matter what their magnitude, in educational theory and teaching techniques. Current practices in the preparation of teachers, therefore, cannot be understood without references to such external influences as, to cite only a few, the teacher shortage of the fifties and early sixties, the post-sputnik anxiety about how well our schools were doing, the efflorescence in the behavioural sciences, the so-called explosion of knowledge in all fields, and the concentration of educationally disadvantaged children in the central cities. Once it is assumed that teacher preparation reflects changes in the broader world, any attempt to outline recent trends and developments inevitably becomes arbitrary and partial. However, the factors enumerated and discussed below are, at least, germane to the problem. Dr. Schaefer has been Dean of the Teachers' College at Columbia University in New York since 1963. This article consists of extracts from a paper presented by the author before an expert committee which met at Unesco to consider problems of general primary and secondary education.     

Tiered intervention: history and trends in Finland and the United States

This study explores the similarities and differences of relatively newly established tiered intervention models for the support of students with special needs in the United States (response to intervention) and in Finland (learning and schooling support). The current models in both countries consist of several tiers with fairly similar definitions. Despite the similarities, the history and political meaning of the tiered models are different in these countries. However, in both countries, part of the underlying political expectation is that the change to tiered intervention will promote inclusive education, but also diminish the number of special education students, and at the same time decrease the rising costs of special education funding. It is evident that there have been educational as well as political and financial objectives behind the restructuring in both countries. We conclude with a discussion on policy implications.     

Counseling in Nigeria and the United States of America: Contrasts and Similarities

This paper compares the profession of counseling in Nigeria and the United States of America (USA). Many differences exist in the practice of counseling in these two countries, including a greater emphasis on specialization, credentialing and licensing in the USA. Issues such as lack of insurance coverage and general economic disadvantage affect the utilization of counseling services in Nigeria. Although both countries are dealing with similar societal concerns, training standards remain localized. The authors recommend that given the global nature of counseling's reach and potential impact across the world, efforts should be made to implement international credentialing standards.     

美国的环境政治与政策

美国的环境政治和环境政策有其独特的思想观念、促成环境运动兴起的力量以及解决环境问题的一套独创性的政策建议。借鉴美国环境保护的经验 ,中国环境保护的关键在于将其与国家的已经行之有效的经济发展计划相结合     

2003美国数学奥林匹克

第一天1.证明:对任何正整数n ,存在一个各位数码都是奇数且能被5 n 整除的n位数.2 .平面上的一个凸多边形P ,被它的所有对角线分割成小凸多边形.若多边形P的所有边和对角线的长度都是有理数,证明:分割而成的所有小多边形的边长也都是有理数.3.设n≠0 ,对任何整数数列A ={ai} ,0 ≤ai≤i,i=0 ,1,2 ,…,n ,定义另一个数列t(A) ={t(ai) } .这里t(ai)表示数列A中,在ai 之前且不同于ai 的项数.证明:从任何给定的数列A出发,经过少于n次t变换,就可得到一个数列B ,使得t(B) =B .第二天4 .一个圆通过△ABC的顶点A、B ,分别交线段AC、BC于点D…     

美国的校企合作教育

总结美国合作教育的基本模式、特征及其影响,从经济、文化、政府及合作教育自身运行体系四个方面分析美国校企合作进行合作教育成功的原因,可以从加强法律保障、完善国家制度、转变人才培养目标等方面得到启示。     

美国CTE教师教育发展概览

美国的生涯与技术(CTE)教师教育发端于公立职业教育的发展和教师教育的发展。在美国CTE开展的近85年的历史长河之中,形成了教师教育的双重系统。即有两条途径可以获得CTE教师资格证和初期执教资格:(1)传统的在大学或学院接受职前教师教育;(2)进入教学领域的非传统通道,有多种多样的形式和途径。与此同时,美国对于CTE教师资格认证也建立了严格的标准,并在教师发展和教学条件等方面正在做积极探索,这些经验都值得我们借鉴。     

Unit 16 The United States of America

一、课文导读 I.Read the text,and finish the following cloze. Ever since the Civil War, the South has struggled to find ways to deal with its troubled past. The history of the South is __ of suffering. The wounds are slow to __ and the scars __ deep. Even today, the South is __ the rest of the USA.