浅议物理化学的学习策略

总结了在物理化学学习过程中的经验和体会,从五个方面就如何提高物理化学课程的学习效率,探讨了物理化学的学习方法.     

Informal workplace learning: An exploration of age differences in learning competence

Informal learning is becoming a standard format in companies' training and development (T&D) activities. It requires a specific learning competence comprising cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational dimensions. In the present study, it was investigated whether learning-competence variables predict success in informal learning. Given the ageing of the workforce, we also explored age differences in learning competence in an online survey of 470 workers in three age groups (17–35, 36–50, and 51–65 years old) at a German mail-order company. Learning competence predicted success in informal learning independent of worker age, but was partially mediated by memory self-efficacy, which might induce second-order age effects under unfavourable T&D conditions.     

Urban neighbourhood quality and school leaving age: Gender differences and some hypotheses

This study used longitudinal data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) to examine the role of neighbourhood quality, assessed when cohort members were aged five, in boys’ and girls’ school leaving age. It was expected that, since context is in general more strongly predictive of boys’ rather than girls’ behaviour, neighbourhood quality would be more strongly related to men’s than women’s school leaving age. Results showed that, as expected, even after controlling for cognitive ability, parental socio‐economic disadvantage and social class, family structure, and maternal education, age and depressed mood, neighbourhood quality was more strongly related to men’s than women’s school leaving age. To rule out the possibility that neighbourhood quality is simply picking up individual level social class the study also explored the interaction of neighbourhood quality with parental social class. It was found that, compared to cohort members of high social class groups, cohort members of lower social class groups were less likely to stay in education after the minimum school leaving age in both neighbourhood groups, but being in the lower social class groups was more of a disadvantage for children living in well‐to‐do rather than average or poor neighbourhoods at age five.     

Investigating the determinants and age and gender differences in the acceptance of mobile learning

With the proliferation of mobile computing technology, mobile learning (m-learning) will play a vital role in the rapidly growing electronic learning market. M-learning is the delivery of learning to students anytime and anywhere through the use of wireless Internet and mobile devices. However, acceptance of m-learning by individuals is critical to the successful implementation of m-learning systems. Thus, there is a need to research the factors that affect user intention to use m-learning. Based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), which integrates elements across eight models of information technology use, this study was to investigate the determinants of m-learning acceptance and to discover if there exist either age or gender differences in the acceptance of m-learning, or both. Data collected from 330 respondents in Taiwan were tested against the research model using the structural equation modelling approach. The results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, perceived playfulness, and self-management of learning were all significant determinants of behavioural intention to use m-learning. We also found that age differences moderate the effects of effort expectancy and social influence on m-learning use intention, and that gender differences moderate the effects of social influence and self-management of learning on m-learning use intention. These findings provide several important implications for m-learning acceptance, in terms of both research and practice.     

论性别差异及其教育策略

性别差异指男女两性在心理学方面的不同特点。男女两性不仅存在着生理方面的差异,在心理发展的许多方面也同样客观地存在着一些差异,尤其在性格和行为方式及情感表达等方面差异较为明显。性别差异的形成在更大程度上取决于社会文化因素而非生理因素,必须采取有效的教育措施,使个体的发展既具有男女之共性,也具有男女之个性;既要摆脱性别角色标志的束缚,又不失性别本色。     

Action learning: cultural differences

The article describes the experience of forming a set in a higher education institution and offers some observations and insights gained from the perspectives of the role of the set adviser, cultural differences and the challenges of attempting to align theory, practice and experience.     

高中生学习物理实验困难的情况调查和对策研究

物理学科是一门以实验为基础的学科，实验给了学生动手动脑的好机会，如何以实验为契机，启发学生活化知识，培养动手能力和创新设汁能力，对物理教学有着重要的现实指导意义．然而，传统的实验教学，对学生的实验能力培养并不理想，主要表现为：学生对实验的兴趣不浓；实验操作技能差；实验创新能力不足     

年龄差异与第二语言习得

年龄是第二语言习得中影响个人差异的主要因素之一。关于年龄与第二语言习得方面的争论很多，这反映出年龄因素的复杂性。研究年龄对第二语言习得的影响有助于探讨儿童与成年人各自学习第二语言的特点及其规律，从而更好地指导第二语言教学。     

The evaluation of physical learning environments: a critical review of the literature

This article critically reviews the methodologies and methods that have been used for the evaluation of physical learning environments. To contextualize discussion about the evaluation of learning spaces, we initially chart the development of post-occupancy evaluation (POE) for non-domestic buildings. We then discuss the recent evolution of POE into the broader evaluative framework of building performance evaluation. Subsequently, a selection of approaches used to evaluate higher education and school learning environments are compared and critically analyzed in view of contemporary approaches to teaching and learning. Gaps in these evaluative approaches are identified and an argument is put forward for the evaluation of physical learning environments from a more rigorous pedagogical perspective.     

The old age of some eminent psychologists

The late years of some eminent psychologists were examined to secure evidence on their general activities, and their professional competence and productivity. Of greatest note was their devotion to work: after age 70 nearly 90% continued a high level of scientific and professional productivity and involvement, while some developed new careers. The content of late production was generally based on earlier specialty. For many, work seemed the purpose of life, and its own reward.     

Interdisciplinary and intercultural differences in learning strategy use: implications for language processing, curriculum and instruction

This investigation examines English as foreign language college interdisciplinary and intercultural differences in learning strategy use and their implications for language processing. Positivism underpins this research at the levels of ontology (standardized variables), epistemology (detachment from the subjects) and methodology, using nomothetic research strategy (survey), instruments (questionnaires) and data analysis techniques (multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of variance). Main findings show interdisciplinary differences between the Humanities and Science majors in student use of compensation strategies in favour of the Science major while finding no intermajor differences in student use of other strategies. The findings indicate no ethnic differences in learning strategy use, since European, American and Eastern ethnicities almost use typical strategies. Therefore, disagreements on alleged unmediated deterministic relationships between ethnicity and cognitive processing remain in place. Instead, curriculum and instructional designs, strategy training and individual differences rather than cultural stereotypes influence language processing. For curriculum and instructional designs to facilitate language processing and pedagogy, effective strategies should underlie national, classroom-level and school-level curriculum developments.     

概念图:一种促进知识建构的学习策略

概念图是一种促进建构性学习与教学的有效策略。本文在简介概念图基本原理的基础上 ,着重分析了概念图作为一种学习策略 ,在促进知识建构中的作用 :运用概念图 ,诊断学生的前概念 ;运用概念图 ,促进知识的整合 ;运用概念图 ,改变学生的认识方式 ;运用概念图 ,促进对话与合作。     

Understanding learner acceptance of learning objects: The roles of learning object characteristics and individual differences

Many organisations and institutions have integrated learning objects into their e-learning systems to make the instructional resources more efficient. Like any other information systems, this trend has made user acceptance of learning objects an increasingly critical issue as a high level of learner satisfaction and acceptance reflects that the users are more willing to continue to use the technology. In this study, an extended version of technology acceptance model (TAM) with two external variables (learning object characteristics and individual differences) was developed to investigate the underlying factors and causal relationships in predicting learners' acceptance of learning objects. This study called for the respondents to progress through two phases of learning object participation: introduction and direct-use experience to investigate the students' perceptions in terms of usefulness and ease of use while utilising learning objects. The findings show that both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are determinants of behavioural intention to use learning objects. Learning object characteristics influence both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of learning objects; individual differences appear to have no influence upon intention to use learning objects.     

刍议学习迁移在体育教学中的应用

体育教师要有效地利用迁移规律进行教学设计,改进和创新教学方法,合理组织与安排教学活动,以促进学习的迁移,提高教学工作效率。以往已经有不少的文献、论文探讨了迁移规律在体育教学中的应用,主要多局限在技能与技能之间的迁移,本文就不再做详论。而主要探讨的是,如何利用迁移规律让其他学科(专业)的知识、技能及教学模式、其他行业的管理和经营理念来提高体育教学效率,丰富体育教学内容,创新体育教学方法,改革体育教学理念。     

变革时代呼唤学习型学校

“百名学者评论中国教育”专栏,以教育研究者的角度,就教育理论和实践中的热点、焦点、难点、冰点问题发表各种建设性见解。先期办成开放式的,一事一议,或提出问题,或分析评论,力求形成百家争鸣、百花齐放之势,激活中国之教育学术。待有重点问题时,再分专题讨论。特邀教育界有影响的专家学者参与,以教授和博士为主办成一个高层次论坛。各位同仁可就自己认为教育理论与实践中的重要问题写成评论,每篇2000-3000字为宜,诚请各位同仁在百忙中赐教赐稿。     

浅谈体育锻炼与提高学习效益

从运动生理学角度对大脑能量供应情况的论述说明:体育锻炼能增强大脑能量供应,故能提高学习效益。