接受与扬弃——论郁达夫的《沉沦》与日本私小说

文章以《沉沦》为例 ,探讨了郁达夫对日本私小说的接受与扬弃及其内在原因。郁达夫对私小说的接受是主动的 ,同时 ,作为接受主体的他决定了选择与扬弃的尺度     

郁达夫“自叙传”小说与日本私小说真实观之比较

郁达夫“自叙传”小说接受了日本私小说的真实观,不仅强调取材的真实,更注重作家心境的真实表现。但同时,由于中日两国的文学传统、社会背景与作家艺术观的不同,郁达夫“自叙传”小说对艺术虚构采取了更为宽容的态度。可以说,郁达夫“自叙传”小说对艺术真实的执著追求,从一个侧面实现了对日本私小说的艺术跨越。     

郁达夫与自然主义

惊人的取材和大胆的描写使郁达夫的小说备受瞩目,饱受争议,这和他深受自然主义的影响密切相关。他既接受了左拉式自然主义的真实观,又继承了日本私小说的感伤忧郁情调,突出表现在其小说对细节真实的刻意追求,细腻的性心理描写等方面。如何看待郁达夫小说中的自然主义色彩,“知人论世”方不失客观。     

郁达夫的情爱书写与日本文学好色审美传统

对于"日本文学与郁达夫的创作"这一课题,学界大多致力于从"私小说"对郁达夫创作的影响这一角度进行研究,几乎忽视了郁氏创作与日本文学更久远的传统之间的深层联系.郁达夫的情爱书写的独特性是受到日本文学好色审美传统影响的结果.日本文学好色审美传统的接受使郁达夫的作品更加丰富、更具张力的同时,也是造成郁达夫的情爱书写在大半个世纪的文学史中备受压抑和误解的主要原因.     

郁达夫创作道路上的"出奔"

郁达夫曾是二十年代浪漫抒情小说流派的中坚代表,但他后期的小说却呈现出与前期迥异的艺术风格,具有鲜明的写实主义倾向.本文拟在着力分析他的最后一部小说<出奔>的同时,探索郁达夫文学观的发展轨迹.     

郁达夫对抒情小说文体的开创

郁达夫对抒情小说文体的开创 ,是特定社会客观环境和作家主动探索的产物。郁达夫等创造社作家留日时期 ,日本的社会文化背景和中国旅日青年的生活处境以及他们对日本文学的态度 ,构成了他们致力于抒情小说的客观背景。对西方浪漫主义文学和日本私小说的接受 ,作家自身创作旧体诗的深厚文学底蕴 ,渴望抒发苦闷情绪的思想动机 ,使郁达夫找到了抒情小说这一文体 ,并获得了成功。     

郁达夫“自叙传”小说与日本私小说的叙述学解读

郁达夫“自叙传”小说借鉴了日本私小说“三位一体”的叙述方式,但同时,由于社会环境以及作家的创作心理和审美标准的影响,郁达夫在叙述人称与视角的使用以及文本中叙述时间的安排上,体现出不同于日本私小说作家的艺术追求,达到了一种特殊的美学效果。     

郁达夫与佐滕春夫

郁达夫曾被称为“中国的佐滕春夫”。郁达夫与佐滕春夫一度友情甚笃，后因佐滕春夫发表反华小说《亚细亚之子》，两人反目成仇。但佐滕春夫作为郁达夫最崇拜的日本作家，在创作上仍然对郁达夫产生了深刻影响，特别是他的“私小说”《田园的忧郁》，更是以其大胆的自我暴露和抒情式的表现手法影响了郁达夫的《沉沧》等小说的创作。     

私小说和社会意识--从郁达夫、葛西善藏作品的自我形象谈起

郁达夫与葛西善藏在作品自我形象的表现上。具有相通之处。郁达夫有意识地采用了日本私小说的方法，但他并没有象以葛西善藏为代表的日本私小说作家那样成为“逃亡奴隶”，而是努力克服私小说的局限性。表现出对时代和社会的关注。塑造了“社会化的自我”。私小说和社会意识不是对立的概念。文学作品的社会意识不是由题材、主题、方法决定的，而是取决于作家的人生观及其对人生的把握。     

郁达夫:民族意识的化身--中国现代自由主义文学研究

短篇小说集<沉沦>体现着郁达夫早期小说的基本主题,即在对性爱苦闷的描写中渗透着弱国子民的悲哀.随着"九·一八"事变的发生,郁达夫的文学主题立即转化为强烈的抗日救亡,体现出独立的创作立场的卓绝之处.贯穿郁达夫创作的是民族意识,他的一生实现了从自由主义的左翼立场到自由主义的国家立场的转变.     

中英植物及其文化内涵

中英植物在表达文化内涵方面有许多差异.这些差异反映了英汉两种文化在自然环境、文化背景、宗教信仰及审美观念等方面的不同.了解这些有利于加强文化交流、消除误解,使人们相互更好地理解、沟通.     

转型国家和地区的腐败与反腐败现象研究

腐败是一国政治、经济、文化、司法情况的侧面反映。俄罗斯、韩国、台湾等转型国家和地区民主政治发展中腐败放量增加,既有腐败的一般性原因,更有转型期制度约束缺失下政治分权导致腐败切入点分散化、政府主导型市场经济下权力设租和寻租恶性循环、传统政治道德体系解体下公职人员从政心理发生裂变等特定因素的推助。我们必须看到导致腐败的因素会随着问题被暴露以及社会寻求完善的民主与法制而发生改变,民众的民主监督技能也会因民主的教育而大大提高。对于转型国家和地区民主化发展中不断上演的政治腐败和社会动乱,我们不能在一种幸灾乐祸的心态下固步自封,停止民主政治发展的探索,更不能背离民主。需要借鉴当代民主理论的研究成果和民主实践的经验与教训,顺应本国的国情和社会发展的客观需垂正确制定未国臣章政治发展酌方略有莳揭制叔力腐败     

英国归来话考试

英国的教育在世界上有口皆碑。尖端超前的研究领域、国际认可的学位学历、科学高效的职业培训等早已文明全球。英国的剑桥大学建校以来,己培养     

形似而神异的定语从句和同位语从句

定语从句和同位语从句对于英语学习者而言是比较容易混淆和不容易掌握的语法现象,笔者根据教学中学生反馈的问题和经验总结,从两个方面就这两个从句进行对比论述,旨在抓住要害,辨清异同.     

北方高校冬季体育教学存在问题及改革探索

北方高校由于处在高纬度地区,冬季开展体育教学活动存在诸多局限性,冬季体育教学主要以冰雪项目为主.北方高校冬季开展冰雪项目具有场地、师资队伍等有利条件,但也存在学生体育意识不强、课程设置单一、教学内容枯燥等问题.不断丰富冬季体育教学内容和培养学生参与冬季体育项目的兴趣是开展好冬季体育教学的关键.     

Parents and school communities in Japan and Scotland: contrasts in policy and practice in primary schools

In this paper Japanese and Scottish cultural and ideological expectations about the role of parents and communities in schools are examined. Findings from three case studies of a Japanese school, a Scottish school and a group of Japanese parents sending their children to a Scottish school show that there are clear policy differences between the two countries. These differences reflect each country's problems and the purposes of the educational reforms that have been introduced and the different strengths and weaknesses of the two systems. The policy differences in the two systems and how these are translated into practice are examined from the perspective of parents and the wider school community. It is argued that what is missing from the policy and practice context in both countries are the resources to enable teachers, parents and other members of the community to work as equal partners.     

Relationship between affect and achievement in science and mathematics in Malaysia and Singapore

Background : The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) assesses the quality of the teaching and learning of science and mathematics among Grades 4 and 8 students across participating countries.

Purpose : This study explored the relationship between positive affect towards science and mathematics and achievement in science and mathematics among Malaysian and Singaporean Grade 8 students.

Sample : In total, 4466 Malaysia students and 4599 Singaporean students from Grade 8 who participated in TIMSS 2007 were involved in this study.

Design and method : Students’ achievement scores on eight items in the survey instrument that were reported in TIMSS 2007 were used as the dependent variable in the analysis. Students’ scores on four items in the TIMSS 2007 survey instrument pertaining to students’ affect towards science and mathematics together with students’ gender, language spoken at home and parental education were used as the independent variables.

Results : Positive affect towards science and mathematics indicated statistically significant predictive effects on achievement in the two subjects for both Malaysian and Singaporean Grade 8 students. There were statistically significant predictive effects on mathematics achievement for the students’ gender, language spoken at home and parental education for both Malaysian and Singaporean students, with R ² = 0.18 and 0.21, respectively. However, only parental education showed statistically significant predictive effects on science achievement for both countries. For Singapore, language spoken at home also demonstrated statistically significant predictive effects on science achievement, whereas gender did not. For Malaysia, neither gender nor language spoken at home had statistically significant predictive effects on science achievement.

Conclusions : It is important for educators to consider implementing self-concept enhancement intervention programmes by incorporating ‘affect’ components of academic self-concept in order to develop students’ talents and promote academic excellence in science and mathematics.     

Expansion and social selection in education in England and Scotland

This paper examines trends in social class inequalities in young people’s educational attainment and HE entry between the mid‐1980s and the end of the 1990s in England and Scotland. Using time‐series data derived from the Scottish School Leavers Surveys and the England (and Wales) Youth Cohort Study, changes in both absolute and relative social class differences within and across the two countries were analysed through the use of a series of ordered logits. The results show that Scotland has higher educational attainment rates but also higher social class inequalities than England. Moreover, while in England social class inequalities at upper‐secondary and tertiary level have declined over time, in Scotland no evidence of such trend has been found. The conclusions highlight that possible explanations for these patterns reside in the different features of the two education systems and in the remarkable educational success of the Scottish middle class.     

高校创新创业教育中存在的问题与优化策略

为缓解大学生就业压力,高校结合当今社会学生就业情况,制定了以创业带动就业的教育方针政策,通过创业教育的开展来赋予学生足够的创业能力,使学生可以实现自主就业。作为一名高校创新创业教育工作者,笔者通过对高校创新创业教育问题的逐步分析,对大学生创新创业教育策略进行详细论述,以此为有效缓解社会就业矛盾,促进高校创新创业教育有效开展贡献自身的一份力。