拉萨地区2248例乙型肝炎病毒血清学标志分析

目的：探讨西藏拉萨地区乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）血清免疫学标记的组合模式。方法 共２２４８例ＨＢＶ血清样本，均以免疫酶联技术（ＥＬＩＳＡ）法检测５项指标。以聚合莲反应（ＰＣＲ）检测ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ。为表述方便，设定血清ＨＢＶ免疫学标记检测项目第１－５项的排列顺序为（１）乙肝表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ），（２）乙肝表面抗体（抗－ＨＢｓ），（３）乙肝ｅ抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ），（４）乙肝ｅ抗体（抗－ＨＢｅ），（５）乙肝     

生产性制备多克隆抗体诱发载体选择家兔的可行性研究

目的:探讨在生产性制备多克隆抗体使用家兔的可行性,为替代普通级实验兔提供依据.方法:采用普通级实验兔与家兔在免疫前血清背景,诱发抗体数量和质量进行对比研究.结果:实验兔和家兔血清背景检测无明显差异,三次免疫后抗体效价无明显差异,兔单位体重诱发抗体冻干物重量无差异.结论:在生产性制备兔多克隆抗体中选择家兔部分替代普通级实验兔是可行的.     

牦牛ETEC灭活疫苗安全性与免疫效力试验

检测了项目组制备的4批牦牛大肠埃希氏菌病灭活疫苗的安全性和免疫效力,并疫苗对免疫动物进行检测抗体和免瘴攻毒保护试验.结果表明,家兔和西藏牦牛接种疫苗后精神、食欲、粪便、体温、心音、呼吸均章常,疫苗安全性良好,当机体体内抗体效价达到1:128时,可使免疫机体产生可靠的免疫力,抵抗牦牛大肠埃希氏茵攻击.进行免疫攻毒后,对家兔保护率为80%;对牦牛保护率为95%;而对照家兔和牦牛全部死亡.因此,接种牦牛大肠埃希氏菌病灭活疫苗是预防牦牛大肠埃希氏菌病最有效措施.     

利用协整和ECM对中国同业拆借利率的实证分析及预测

中国同业拆借利率ＣＨＩＢＯＲ是我国目前唯一直接的市场利率,深入探求其内在规律并精确预测其未来变动,对央行监管和商行经营都是非常重要的。本文系统分析了ＣＨＩＢＯＲ中最具代表性的隔夜拆借利率和一周拆借利率之间的协整关系,并在此关系基础上利用误差修正模型ＥＣＭ建立了二者的预测模型,实证结果表明无论短期预测还是长期预测精度都要优于传统的向量自回归模型ＶＡＲ。     

聚合酶链反应检测乙型肝炎患者血清HBVDNA与ELISA检测HBeAg、抗HBe比较研究

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测了１５３例各型乙型肝炎患者的血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ，并与ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测的血清ＨＢｅＡｇ和抗ＨＢｅ结果比较．结果ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性８９例，ＰＣＲ法ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检出率为９２．１３％；抗ＨＢｅ阳性２７例，ＰＣＲ法ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检出率为５１．８５％；ｅ系统用性３７例，ＰＣＲ法ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检出率为４０．５４％．提示抗ＨＢｅ血清学转换不能作为乙型肝炎病毒复制与非复制、病变活动与静止的唯一指标，而应该用或同时用ＨＢＶＤＮＡ作为指标才可靠．     

检测免疫动物血清抗体中和试验

l、动物被动免疫这里既是利用生物药品厂生产的抗原物质疫苗、菌苗免疫动物注射等到一定时间动物机体产生特异性抗体，这种抗体往往可以从血液中分离提取即血清或血浆，在体外一定的pH值，温度，电解质，振荡，杂质等因素的作用下与相应的毒素，病毒受体结合而使病毒毒素失去毒性和感染力，其中中和试验(MNT)中活性抗体主要是1gG、1gM等，在将抗原抗体结合物注射到动物体内不能致死动物，证明该疫苗、菌苗能使机体产生对抗特异性细菌、病毒的抗体物质，而说明生物药品有效。2、应用该试验对校菌苗进行效力试验尤其是多联菌苗更显节约成本缩短检验时间，可改用小动物检验，较为准确简便、科学易行，易于了解菌苗、疫苗质量高低及其变化等诸多优点。     

改进羊大肠杆菌病灭活疫苗效力检验方法的试验总结

羊大肠杆菌病灭活疫苗又可称羊大肠埃希氏菌病灭活疫苗。本品是用免疫原性良好的大肠埃希氏菌，接种于适宜的培养基内培养，将培养物经甲醛溶液灭活后加氢乳化铝胶制成的，主要用于预防羊大肠埃希氏菌病，免疫期为5个月。我厂羊大肠杆菌病灭活疫苗的效力检验，长期以来一直采用传统、较落后的本动物试验方法，不但成本高，检验程序复杂，而且与内地先进的检验技术有较大的差距，严重影响和制约着本疫苗检验技术的发展、进步。通过引进“豚鼠代替本动物(羊)进行效力检验羊大肠杆菌病灭活疫苗”的检验技术，不仅使检验方法更加科学、成本也能下降68％。     

中国对虾某些免疫指标的测定及免疫预报初步研究

通过口服免疫药物后，对虾血清中溶菌酶、酚氧化酶（ＰＯ）活力及免疫保护率测定，来作为衡量对虾免疫状态的指标，并用弧菌疫苗浸泡法及口服免疫药物，提高虾体自身免疫能力，增强疾病抵抗力。     

中国对虾某些免疫指标的测定及免疫预防初步研究

通过口服免疫药物后，对虾血清中溶菌酶、酚氧化酶（ＰＯ）活力及免疫保护率测定，来作为衡量对虾免疫状态的指标，并用弧菌疫苗浸泡法及口服免疫药物，提高虾体自身免疫能力，增强疾病抵抗力．     

重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗对成本的免疫效果及安全性的调查分析

目的：了解重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗(YDV)对成人的免疫效果及安全性。方法：随机抽取健康状况良好，乙肝三项指标均为阴性，体温正常的24-55岁的财务人员132名，按0、1、6个月程序，每剂5μg／0．5ml接种卫生部北京生物制品研究所生产的重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗。结果：免疫后抗-HBs阳转事在7个月时达高峰，以后又急剧下降。3、7、12个月时，女性抗-HBs阳转率高于男性；小于35岁组的抗体阳转率高于35岁以上组，免疫后12个月时两者之间差异显著，免疫3天后局部和全身无不良反应。结论：重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗对成人具有良好的免疫原性和安全性，其抗-HBs持续时间及抗体几何平均滴度变化情况有待进一步研究。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence