德国职业教育给我国高职教育带来的启示

本文通过对德国职业教育体系、职业教学方法与理念、以及教师在职业教育中的角色介绍,结合其可借鉴的经验,阐述了德国职业教育对我国高职教育的启示。     

Peer tutoring and social dynamics in higher education

Peer tutoring in Higher Education is being used with increasing frequency to aid in student learning, motivation, and empowerment. Although an extensive body of research documents the efficacy of such programs, it exhibits a surprising lack of awareness of the social dynamics involved. This study focuses on peer tutors and students as they interact in higher education classrooms. Results indicate that this interaction does not always occur smoothly and that tutors often spend an inordinate amount of time engaged in impression management. Additionally, findings suggest that the tutor/student relationship can be rife with misunderstanding and power struggle.     

Islamic higher education and social cohesion in Indonesia

This study explores the role of public Islamic higher education in promoting better relations between various religious communities in post-authoritarian Indonesia. Based on field research conducted between December 2005 and March 2006, it documents how progressive Islamic education leaders have advanced a tradition of critical intellectualism in efforts toward the “renewal” of Islamic thought. This report provides an analysis of how this tradition has served as a foundation for educators seeking to promote democratization and address issues of social cohesion. It examines some of the core values expressed by educational leaders as they have aspired to transform the most prominent State Institutes for Islamic Studies (IAIN) into genuine universities. The study also highlights the conservative backlash against public Islamic higher education and other purveyors of progressive ideas within Indonesian society.

德国技术员教育对我国高职教育的启示

分析了德国的职业教育体系,德国的技术员教育和我国的高等职业教育具有同样的地位。进而分析了德国巴伐利亚州的技术员教学计划和爱科特教育集团技术员的培养方式。对我国高等职业教育与德国巴伐利亚州的技术员教育进行比较,结合其可借鉴的经验,阐述了德国技术员教育对我国高职教育的启示。     

Competition unleashed: horizontal differentiation in German higher education

Unlike in the US and other western countries, the higher education market in Germany has been sheltered from competition. This changed recently, when a governmental ‘excellence initiative’ began to allocate substantial supplementary funds dependent on higher education institutions’ performance, in 2005. This study is aimed at assessing differentiation tendencies arising from the acute need to become more discernible in an increasingly competitive environment. Based on a content analysis of the full sample of German higher education institutions’ mission statements, we measure the degree of horizontal differentiation among institutions, applying correspondence and cluster analysis techniques. We conclude that horizontal differentiation is not incisive to date, and identify idle potential for creating a more perceptible brand personality.     

Academic social cohesion within higher education

This article explores the theoretical foundations of social cohesion as it relates to higher education institutions. In so doing it seeks (a) to understand the core elements of social cohesion—social capital, human capital and ethical behavioural norms that serve a common good—and (b) to establish a flexible framework for understanding the combined contributions of higher education to society. Tertiary institutional phenomena (those occurring in higher education) that are involved in the creation of social cohesion are hereafter termed academic social cohesion. The particular emphasis is on higher education’s role in cultivating moral awareness as a vital product of institutions’ primary activities. These core functions of colleges and universities are discussed in relation to both academic social cohesion and the degree to which they should involve the creation of specific ethical norms.

德国“双元制”教育模式在我国高等工程教育中的拓展与实践

借鉴德国“双元制”教育模式的思路、方法,结合我国国情,以机械设计制造及其自动化本科专业为例,从培养目标定位与课程设置、实践课程教学内容的开发和“工学交替”时机的选择等三个方面入手,将德国“双元制”教育模式拓展应用到了我国高等工程教育领域。     

论高等职业技术教育的社会开放性

高职教育培养能适应社会发展需要的高技术应用性人才,为此,就一定要面向社会,走开放性的社会化办学、育人之路。本文从三个方面论述了高职教育的社会开放性。     

德国双元制职业教育及其在高等教育领域的发展

德国双元制职业教育是一种企业和学校共同培养学生,以企业培养为主,学生理论学习与实践培训相结合,以实践培训为主的职业教育培养模式,最早出现于德国的职业学校。德国从20世纪70年代开始在高等教育领域中出现双元制培养模式。高等教育领域的双元制培养模式凭借其多种优势在德国迅速发展,规模不断扩大。     

中国近代高等教育的社会信任习惯及其形成

我国近代高等教育的社会信任由科举信任、官本位型信任和职业获得型信任混合构成,并成为过去乃至现在人们信任和认同高等教育的习惯。这一习惯影响着人们对高等教育的认知图式和交往方式。     

浅析高等教育与社会分层之间的互动关系

高等教育与社会分层之间具有非常明显的互动关系。这种互动关系主要体现在社会分层对高等教育的影响以及高等教育对社会分层的影响两个层面。近年来,对于这种互动关系的研究多侧重于社会分层对高等教育入学机会以及专业选择等方面的影响,而就社会分层对高校毕业生职业的选择、就业机会是否均等、就业率等方面的影响的研究则显得较为薄弱,仍需进一步研究。     

社会科学方法论与高等教育研究

在自然科学、社会科学与人文科学这种知识分类框架下,教育学的学科地位非常尴尬。从早期的“(自然)科学化”、到后来的“人文化”,再到晚近的“社会科学化”,教育学的学科性质始终变动不居。作为教育学的分支学科,高等教育研究面临同样的困境。本文认为高等教育研究若要从根本上提升自身的学术地位,成为真正意义上独立的学术性学科,积极引入社会科学方法论是极其关键的一步。     

The structure of higher education in the German Democratic Republic

The ability of the East German state to produce large cohorts of highly skilled graduates has contributed much to its becoming one of the leading industrial nations in the world. Originally reverting after the War to Länder control of the universities and colleges like the rest of Germany, the GDR soon went the opposite way from West Germany, seeing the way to a strong higher education system to be through the strict centralization of control. This article describes the three university reforms which have taken place and examines the implications of policy decisions. An investigation of the various organs of the government of higher education elucidates the disposition of authority at each level.Abbreviations FDGB Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (League of Free German Trades-Unions) - FDJ Freie Deutsche Jugend (Free German Youth) - GDR German Democratic Republik - MHF Ministerium für Hoch-und Fachschulwesen (Ministry for Higher and Vocational Education) - SED Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (Socialist Unity Party of Vocational) - VVB Vereinigung Volkseigener Betriebe (Association of Nationally Owned Enterpises) This article was originally issued in the Yale Higher Education Research Group's Working Paper Series. The research for it was made possible by a grant from the Lilly Endowment.     

The planning of higher education in the German Democratic Republic

The points of departure, objectives and methods of higher education planning are subsumed within the total context of the social, scientific, technical and cultural development of a country and dependent upon that country's social order. In the socialist countries, all deliberations on educational planning involve the all-round development of the socialist personality. Economic goals and factors also play an important role, but they must be seen as a means to the end of a superordinate goal. In the German Democratic Republic educational planning has to guarantee the realisation of several constitutional mandates: admission to universities and colleges in accordance with the principle of achievement, with the requirements of society, and with reference to the social composition of the people and equality of the sexes; the right to work and the social security of the graduates. In terms of the number of students admitted to and graduating from higher education, the GDR has arrived at a high level. The planning of higher education takes place in accordance with the principles of democratic centralism, with broad participation of people inside and outside of universities.Paper originally presented to the 17th International Seminar, The University Today, Dubrovnik, September 5th, 1972, under the title Zur Planung der Hochschulbildung in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik.     

论高等职业教育的社会适应性

高等职业教育必须具有社会适应性,表现为动态性、针对性、超前性三个特征;目前高等职业教育中的“不适应症”,主要表现为结构性失业问题、既不能满足用人单位需求又不能满足受教育者需求等问题;增强高等职业教育社会适应性的对策,有拓宽专业口径,加强适应的课程和教材建设,走产学合作道路,注重教育实用性等。     

The internationalisation of higher education: the German perspective

This paper describes the context for and developments related to the internationalisation of higher education in Germany. Considerable mobility of students and scholars already exists, much of it taking place without special public financial support. Nonetheless, more needs to be done to encourage greater mobility. In this connection, Germany makes available financial support for those participating in foreign study or research. More recently, there has been a trend toward support for groups rather than individual students, for a more intensive prestructuring of the stay abroad and a stronger international dimension in larger scientific projects. Both financial support and favourable conditions are seen as necessary for programmes aimed at promoting effective exchanges. The central need, in the face of limited resources, is to develop and implement the most effective ways to bring about internationalisation in systems of higher education.     

德国高校层次结构分析

德国院校的结构"纵向分三层,横向分若干类",近年却呈现"四圈层"的特点。德国高校在层次结构、高校设置、成人教育、科研与教学等四个方面所具有的特点,在稳定高等教育系统、规范高校设置、就业制度与高校层次、全日制教育与业余教育关系和高校层次划分等方面的做法,都有可供中国借鉴之处。