A new method for designing distributed reduced-order functional observers of interconnected time-delay systems

This paper reports a new method for designing distributed reduced-order functional observers of a class of interconnected systems with time delays. The systems under consideration belong to a class of large-scale systems where each system is formed by a number of interconnected subsystems. Moreover, the interconnections and the states of the local subsystems are subject to heterogeneous time delays. The novel contribution of this paper lies in the development of new coordinate state transformations, which are used to transform the interconnected subsystems into decoupled subsystems. Most significantly, each decoupled subsystem does not contain any time delay in the state vector. Moreover, each decoupled subsystem is expressed in an observable canonical form, with time delays only appearing in the inputs and outputs of the system. Due to this novel structure, a reduced-order functional observer for each decoupled subsystem can be easily designed to estimate the unmeasurable local state vector. The designed observers for the local subsystems do not need to exchange the state estimates amongst themselves, and therefore, each observer for each local subsystem can be designed independently. Because of the state transformations, the designed observers have a more general structure than any of the existing distributed functional observers available in the literature. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of our results.     

Unmasking text plagiarism using syntactic-semantic based natural language processing techniques: Comparisons,analysis and challenges

The proposed work aims to explore and compare the potency of syntactic-semantic based linguistic structures in plagiarism detection using natural language processing techniques. The current work explores linguistic features, viz., part of speech tags, chunks and semantic roles in detecting plagiarized fragments and utilizes a combined syntactic-semantic similarity metric, which extracts the semantic concepts from WordNet lexical database. The linguistic information is utilized for effective pre-processing and for availing semantically relevant comparisons. Another major contribution is the analysis of the proposed approach on plagiarism cases of various complexity levels. The impact of plagiarism types and complexity levels, upon the features extracted is analyzed and discussed. Further, unlike the existing systems, which were evaluated on some limited data sets, the proposed approach is evaluated on a larger scale using the plagiarism corpus provided by PAN¹ competition from 2009 to 2014. The approach presented considerable improvement in comparison with the top-ranked systems of the respective years. The evaluation and analysis with various cases of plagiarism also reflected the supremacy of deeper linguistic features for identifying manually plagiarized data.     

Cognitive systems for intelligent business information management in cognitive economy

This paper will present new theoretical and applied solutions for intelligent data analysis and information management in the fields of cognitive economics. Intelligent data analysis and information management are performed by information systems called cognitive systems, dedicated for semantic interpretation of acquired business information. To interpret the meaning of the analysed data, complex linguistic algorithms must be used, based on which it is possible to find the core information elements for business processes forecasting and economical knowledge management. The presentation of selected methods of semantic data analysis in cognitive economy, which allow to perform both local and global information management forms the main subject of this paper. Here, semantic analysis methods are dedicated to cognitive economics problems, namely the interpretation, analysis and assessment of the meaning of selected sets of economic/financial ratios. The meaning of the interpreted data sets is assessed by analysing the layers of meaning contained in data analysed sets. Obtained semantic information may be used in future business processes evaluation and forecasting.     

Integration of an XML electronic dictionary with linguistic tools for natural language processing

This study proposes the codification of lexical information in electronic dictionaries, in accordance with a generic and extendable XML scheme model, and its conjunction with linguistic tools for the processing of natural language. Our approach is different from other similar studies in that we propose XML coding of those items from a dictionary of meanings that are less related to the lexical units. Linguistic information, such as morphology, syllables, phonology, etc., will be included by means of specific linguistic tools. The use of XML as a container for the information allows the use of other XML tools for carrying out searches or for enabling presentation of the information in different resources. This model is particularly important as it combines two parallel paradigms—extendable labelling of documents and computational linguistics—and it is also applicable to other languages. We have included a comparison with the labelling proposal of printed dictionaries carried out by the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). The proposed design has been validated with a dictionary of more than 145 000 accepted meanings.     

地方高校教务服务保障体系的构建

高校的教务服务水平对学校教师教学以及学生学习的正常开展起着十分重要的作用。但当前,地方高校的教务服务存在着制度缺乏、人才不足、质量难控、信息孤立四方面的问题。因此,需要构建以制度保障、人才保障、质量监控保障、信息化保障四个子体系为内容的高校教务服务保障体系。     

Data-driven optimal switching of switched systems

Switched systems are complicated due to the switching among the subsystems. When the subsystem models are unknown, control problems on switched systems turn to be more intractable. In this paper, the optimal switching problems are investigated for continuous-time switched autonomous systems with unknown dynamics and a finite-horizon cost function. Firstly, a novel data-driven optimal scheduling approach is proposed based on the estimated insertion gradients. Secondly, aiming at switched systems with a prescribed switching sequence, a data-driven optimal switching time approach is proposed based on the estimated derivatives of the cost with respect to the switching times. The two approaches take advantages of plenty state data containing necessary information instead of the system models. Furthermore, the errors of the approaches are analysed and bounded. Finally, simulation results of two examples are given to show the validity of the two approaches.     

Stability analysis problems of periodic piecewise polynomial systems

This paper studies the stability analysis problems of periodic piecewise systems, in which subsystems are given in the time-varying polynomial forms. A Lyapunov function with continuous time-varying Lyapunov matrix is adopted, which relaxes constraints on the variation of Lyapunov function in each subsystem. Using the time interval information, the exponential stability and stabilizing controller synthesis are studied. The results provide a possible alternative method to study the general periodic time-varying systems, which may further support the analysis and synthesis of general periodic systems. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated and illustrated via numerical examples.     

华北平原节水灌溉的信息管理与实时操作模式

农田节水灌溉的重点在两方面：一是灌溉技术：二是科学的灌溉管理制度。本文构造了节水灌溉系统框架；供水子系统、农田需水系统，农田水分动态系统和节水灌溉决策支持系统。论述了节水灌溉的管理信息系统，最后给出了在限制供水条件下最优灌溉的目标函数、约束条件和系统求解     

High-performance FAQ retrieval using an automatic clustering method of query logs

To resolve some of lexical disagreement problems between queries and FAQs, we propose a reliable FAQ retrieval system using query log clustering. On indexing time, the proposed system clusters the logs of users’ queries into predefined FAQ categories. To increase the precision and the recall rate of clustering, the proposed system adopts a new similarity measure using a machine readable dictionary. On searching time, the proposed system calculates the similarities between users’ queries and each cluster in order to smooth FAQs. By virtue of the cluster-based retrieval technique, the proposed system could partially bridge lexical chasms between queries and FAQs. In addition, the proposed system outperforms the traditional information retrieval systems in FAQ retrieval.     

基于Internet/Intranet的预测支持系统的设计

预测在决策中起着十分重要的作用，但作出准确的预测是非常困难的。随着Internet的普及，研究利用Internet技术来开发先进的预测支持系统具有十分重要的实际意义，本文对基于Internet／Intranet的顶测支持系统进行详细的论述。该系统由多个Agent子系统及其运行的网络环境组成，系统中包括系统管理、信息、集成、集成评估、专家预测、专家预测集成、执行、预测、预测评估、交互10种Agent子系统构成．各个Agent有自己的功能，可以独立自主地运行，还可以协同工作完成系统整体目标。     

Decentralized adaptive output-feedback control of interconnected nonlinear time-delay systems using minimal neural networks

This paper presents a minimal-neural-networks-based design approach for the decentralized output-feedback tracking of uncertain interconnected strict-feedback nonlinear systems with unknown time-varying delayed interactions unmatched in control inputs. Compared with existing approximation-based decentralized output-feedback designs using multiple neural networks for each subsystem in lower triangular form, the main contribution of this paper is to provide a new recursive backstepping strategy for a local memoryless output-feedback controller design using only one neural network for each subsystem regardless of the order of subsystems, unmeasurable states, and unknown unmatched and delayed nonlinear interactions. In the proposed strategy, error surfaces are designed using unmeasurable states instead of measurable states and virtual controllers are regarded as intermediate signals for designing a local control law at the last step. Using Lyapunov stability theorem and the performance function technique, it is shown that all signals of the total controlled closed-loop system are bounded and the transient and steady-state performance bounds of local tracking errors can be preselected by adjusting design parameters independent of delayed interactions.     

Evaluating the informative quality of documents in SGML format from judgements by means of fuzzy linguistic techniques based on computing with words

Recommender systems evaluate and filter the great amount of information available on the Web to assist people in their search processes. A fuzzy evaluation method of Standard Generalized Markup Language documents based on computing with words is presented. Given a document type definition (DTD), we consider that its elements are not equally informative. This is indicated in the DTD by defining linguistic importance attributes to the more meaningful elements of DTD chosen. Then, the evaluation method generates linguistic recommendations from linguistic evaluation judgements provided by different recommenders on meaningful elements of DTD. To do so, the evaluation method uses two quantifier guided linguistic aggregation operators, the linguistic weighted averaging operator and the linguistic ordered weighted averaging operator, which allow us to obtain recommendations taking into account the fuzzy majority of the recommenders’ judgements. Using the fuzzy linguistic modeling the user–system interaction is facilitated and the assistance of system is improved. The method can be easily extended on the Web to evaluate HyperText Markup Language and eXtensible Markup Language documents.     

中小型装备制造业工艺过程集成化管理平台及应用研究

针对中小型装备制造企业中的信息化管理现状与存在问题,文章分析PDM对CAPP子系统的管理方法在中小型装备制造企业中的应用,对PDM与CAPP集成平台实施方案及体系结构等进行深入的研究。运用定制开发式模式完成PDM/CAPP系统的集成接口开发、工艺规程CAPP子系统、工艺规程设计流程及导入方式,对企业实现PDM对CAPP子系统的管理提供了平台设计框架。     

航空公司信息安全管理系统的构建与安全保障体系研究

本文构建的信息安全管理系统是为了解决航空公司信息安全风险中的决策风险。分析了国内大中型航空公司信息安全存在的问题,构建了由信息分析、收集子系统,人工神经网络(ANN)子系统和经理信息子系统构成的信息安全管理系统,并分析了信息安全管理系统能够实现的功能。同时,为保障信息安全管理系统的安全运作从安全管理和安全技术两方面建立了安全保障体系。     

Reconciling the father tongue and mother tongue hypotheses in Indo-European populations

In opposition to the mother tongue hypothesis, the father tongue hypothesis states that humans tend to speak their fathers’ language, based on a stronger correlation of languages to paternal lineages (Y-chromosome) than to maternal lineages (mitochondria). To reassess these two competing hypotheses, we conducted a genetic–linguistic study of 34 modern Indo-European (IE) populations. In this study, genetic histories of paternal and maternal migrations in these IE populations were elucidated using phylogenetic networks of Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, respectively. Unlike previous studies, we quantitatively characterized the languages based on lexical and phonemic systems separately. We showed that genetic and linguistic distances are significantly correlated with each other and that both are correlated with geographical distances among these populations. However, when controlling for geographical factors, only the correlation between the distances of paternal and lexical characteristics, and between those of maternal and phonemic characteristics, remained. These unbalanced correlations reconciled the two seemingly conflicting hypotheses.     

Deterministic Control of Large-scale Uncertain Dynamical Systems

We consider the design of control schemes for large-scale systems composed of interconnected subsystems with time-varying uncertainties. The local control, utilizing solely the state of the subsystem, and the global control, utilizing the states of the neighboring subsystems as additional information, are proposed to guarantee certain deterministic performance, including uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness. It can be shown that the local control is applicable provided a test matrix T satisfies certain requirements. The global control, on the other hand, is applicable if the interconnections between subsystems satisfy certain structural constraints. The salient features of these control schemes is that the only information required is the bounds of uncertainties.     

Beyond SumBasic: Task-focused summarization with sentence simplification and lexical expansion

In recent years, there has been increased interest in topic-focused multi-document summarization. In this task, automatic summaries are produced in response to a specific information request, or topic, stated by the user. The system we have designed to accomplish this task comprises four main components: a generic extractive summarization system, a topic-focusing component, sentence simplification, and lexical expansion of topic words. This paper details each of these components, together with experiments designed to quantify their individual contributions. We include an analysis of our results on two large datasets commonly used to evaluate task-focused summarization, the DUC2005 and DUC2006 datasets, using automatic metrics. Additionally, we include an analysis of our results on the DUC2006 task according to human evaluation metrics. In the human evaluation of system summaries compared to human summaries, i.e., the Pyramid method, our system ranked first out of 22 systems in terms of overall mean Pyramid score; and in the human evaluation of summary responsiveness to the topic, our system ranked third out of 35 systems.     

基于纯语言信息的网络信息资源综合评价研究

在网络信息资源的评价中,专家给出的信息可能为纯语言信息.本文在纯语言加权算术平均算子(PLWAA)的概念和纯语言运算法则的基础上,提出了基于纯语言信息的网络信息资源综合评价的方法,从而解决了网络信息资源采用纯语言信息可以做定量化的综合评价问题.该方法计算简单,而且能充分地利用已有的语言评价信息.最后进行了实例分析,结果表明该方法是可行和有效的.     

Moment matching model reduction for negative imaginary systems

In this paper, moment matching model reduction problem for negative imaginary systems is considered. For a given negative imaginary system with poles at the origin, our goal is to find a reduced-order negative imaginary system such that a prescribed number of the moments and the poles at the origin are preserved. Firstly, the original negative imaginary system is split into an asymptotically stable subsystem, a lossless negative imaginary subsystem and an average subsystem. Then, moment matching model reduction is implemented on the asymptotically stable subsystem and the lossless negative imaginary subsystem. The resulting reduced-order system preserves the negative imaginary structure and the poles at the origin. Also, the proposed model reduction method is extended to the positive real systems. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model reduction method.