全自动运行系统正线运营相关安全问题分析

目前国内多条轨道交通线路已经采用了全自动运行系统,相较于传统列车控制系统,全自动运行系统是在信号系统基础上的功能拓展,具有更高的可靠性和安全性。车辆系统也采用了更多的监测和防护功能。由于轨道交通运行环境的复杂性,运营过程中还存在一定的风险因素。本文就运营过程中的相关安全问题进行简要分析,并提出应对建议。     

城市轨道交通运营管理的规范化

在城市建设飞速发展的过程中,城市交通体系不断发展,社会对交通的需求持续增加,直接促使城市轨道交通开始成为交通的主要环节。而轨道交通在实际运营的过程中,所表现出的最为严峻的问题,便是轨道交通运营管理,这是确保轨道交通运行顺畅关键。主要针对城市轨道交通运营管理规范化进行了全面深入的研究,指出目前城市轨道交通运营管理中存在的问题,并提出相应对策建议,以期为我国城市轨道交通管理完善做出贡献。     

轨道车辆电磁兼容试验标准的应用与探讨

为了确保轨道交通车辆能够在预期电磁环境中正常工作,车辆产品需要在整车制造完成后投入运营前通过电磁兼容型式试验验证车辆满足设计要求,所采用的标准既提出了试验要求也提供试验方法。一般地,轨道交通车辆型式试验采用IEC61133或等效标准,其中车辆电磁兼容性试验的内容通过引用IEC 62236系列标准给出。但是,由于国际上各国家轨道交通技术多样性的局限,在车辆与信号系统之间的兼容性方面,IEC 62236系列标准并没有具体的规定。通过分析欧洲的EN 50238标准和TSI规范,探讨了我国整车级电磁兼容性型式试验可采用或借鉴的欧洲标准体系内容,为我国轨道交通车辆电磁兼容性试验技术的发展提供参考。     

提升轨道列车本构安全保障轨道交通运营安全 ——北京交通大学轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室王艳辉教授

轨道交通运营安全管理是轨道交通持续发展的基石,也是社会公众关注的焦点.如何保持和提高轨道交通系统的可靠性与安全性已成为维持轨道交通系统安全、可靠、高效运营亟待解决的重大问题.近年来,北京交通大学轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室王艳辉教授围绕我国轨道交通运营安全管理体系面临的重点难点问题和轨道列车装备的本构安全需求,坚持"面向实际问题,理论研究与技术研发协同递进,形成可解决问题的方法和技术"的研究理念,以紧密结合现场实际为原则开展了大量探索研究和技术攻关,凝练普适理论并形成应用技术,在保障城市轨道交通运营安全、提升列车本构安全性能等方面取得了丰硕的理论和技术成果.     

提升轨道列车本构安全保障轨道交通运营安全 ——北京交通大学轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室王艳辉教授

轨道交通运营安全管理是轨道交通持续发展的基石,也是社会公众关注的焦点.如何保持和提高轨道交通系统的可靠性与安全性已成为维持轨道交通系统安全、可靠、高效运营亟待解决的重大问题.近年来,北京交通大学轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室王艳辉教授围绕我国轨道交通运营安全管理体系面临的重点难点问题和轨道列车装备的本构安全需求,坚持"面向实际问题,理论研究与技术研发协同递进,形成可解决问题的方法和技术"的研究理念,以紧密结合现场实际为原则开展了大量探索研究和技术攻关,凝练普适理论并形成应用技术,在保障城市轨道交通运营安全、提升列车本构安全性能等方面取得了丰硕的理论和技术成果.     

无人驾驶技术信号系统接口的功能研究

本文介绍了无人驾驶技术的信号系统接口的功能,该信号系统是由TWU、COR、VIOM、DMI、USW、信号速度传感器、ATC天线等组成,以COR为控制核心,由MVB网络实现对车辆的控制输出,以太网方式实现信号系统内部设备间的连接,并且采用冗余设计,提高了系统的稳定性、可靠性和安全性。     

轨道交通系统自动驾驶发展分析

针对我国轨道交通发展中提出的智能交通理念,本文主要阐述世界主要国家轨道交通自动驾驶的发展概况,并对自动驾驶系统在升级中的对系统可靠性的保证、专业之间的大联动及运营管理中的发展进行了分析。     

美华裔科学家研发无人驾驶公交车

公共汽车将能够做到像有轨交通一样迅速,快捷,准确,并且还是无人驾驶的!这一切将在不久的将来到处可见。近日,一项由联邦交通部,加州交通局大力支持研发的电子轨道交通系统公开展示,该项目的研发领头人是柏克莱加大华裔研究员张维斌,团队中并有多位华裔研究人员。     

城市轨道交通CBTC系统浅析

轨道交通信号系统作为保障列车行车安全、提高运输能力的关键技术,对整个轨道交通控制系统有着重大影响。本文主要对CBTC系统从组成、原理及特点等方面进行了介绍。通过结合西门子公司的CBTC系统作为实例,重点针对CBTC的组成、无线通信控制过程、ATP/ATO的列车超速防护原理和列车移动授权的过程做出分析解释。CBTC系统能够实现车地间大信息量高速通信、高列车控制精度等功能,使得它将会成为轨道交通信号系统的主流方向。     

城市轨道交通网络化运营技术问题研究

<正>随着我国城市轨道交通工程建设规模的不断扩大,城市交通网络不断完善,对城市轨道交通网络化运用技术的要求也在进一步提高。本文在分析轨道交通网络化运行模式及特点的基础上,归纳总结了轨道交通网络化运营管理需求,进而针对性地概括了轨道交通网络化运营技术要点,旨在为我国城市轨道交通网络化运营技术水平的提升带来更多参考和启迪。我国城市轨道交通建设起步较晚,其网络化运营技术水平有待提升,现阶段我国绝大部分城市通过单线运营模式开展城市轨道交通运营组织管理工作,但随着城镇化进程的不断推进,上述管理模式逐步滞后于现阶段城市轨道交通运行管理,绝大部分城市较大的交通压力导致城市轨道交通从单线运营转变到网络化运营模式,     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.