Feminization of the 2002 World Cup and women's fandom1

Abstract

The Tenth Regiment, a distinctly all-Malay regiment of the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), was formed in Temerloh, Pahang, and it was Pahang that became its initial site of struggle. Although its key leaders, such as Abdullah C.D., Rashid Maidin, Suriani Abdullah and others, were not originally from Pahang, the majority among the original rank and file were sons and daughters of Pahang. By this account, there must surely be characteristics specific to the Temerloh district and Pahang that contributed to the birth of the Tenth Regiment, the establishment of its base, and its early struggle against the British in the said state. Moreover, two significant and related events preceded and precipitated the formation of the Tenth Regiment: the historic gathering at the All-Malaya School Camp at Temerloh and the emergence of a people's militia or peasant's front. Thus, these three subjects will be examined first under the header “Early beginnings” before we proceed to the account of the Tenth Regiment's struggle in greater detail. Subsequently, the history of the Tenth Regiment's liberation struggle will be expounded upon considering the following topics: (1) the birth of the Tenth Regiment; (2) its struggle in Pahang; (3) its struggle in Southern Thailand; and (4) the end of the struggle.     

Anti-communist films sponsored by the US government in Singapore and Malaya: on the New York Sound Masters Inc.

This article examines anti-Communist films made by Hollywood in Cantonese and Malay in Singapore and Malaya in the Cold War context of the “Campaign of Truth.” In the early 1950s, the United State Information Agency, an arm of the State Department, secretly commissioned and funded New York Sound Masters Inc. to produce and shoot several anti-Communist films in Singapore and Malaya. In 1953, cinemas across Malaya and Singapore screened Singapore Story and Kampong Sentosa, two Cold War products of the “Campaign of Truth.” In addition to analysing the ideology of these films, this article also combines declassified archive material from the US and Singaporean National Archives with primary materials from UK, US, Singaporean, and Malayan periodicals from the Cold War era in order to explore how these two films use Malay and Cantonese to narrate a Hollywood’s version of the Singaporean story. As these two films have been largely passed over in scholarship and the films and archives have not been regularly accessible, records of these films are absent from histories of film and television in the US, Singapore, and Malaya. This article aims to remedy this absence.     

Traditionalism and its impact on the administration of justice: the case of the Syariah Court of Singapore

Abstract

This paper examines, by way of case studies, the influence of traditionalism as a style of thought on the administration of Muslim law on divorce in the Syariah Court of Singapore. It focuses on the mode of its operation in the selection, construction and application of the law, and highlights its repercussions on the lives of parties in family breakdowns. The paper also touches upon the effects of traditionalism on the development of a more progressive legal culture and identifies measures that would alleviate the problem.     

When culture and the law clash: A primer on the extraterritorial implications of U.S. anti-discrimination rules and regulations

The rapid globalization of U.S. business has generated many questions about the extraterritorial implications of U.S. anti-discrimination rules and regulations. This paper provides an introduction to the relevant statutes and related case law that govern the extraterritorial responsibilities of U.S. companies with interests in foreign firms. Particular attention is paid to the extraterritorial requirements of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, including important amendments to the Act added when Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1991. This paper also describes the defenses U.S. firms can use to insulate themselves from the extraterritorial requirements of these rules and regulations as well as issues and problems created when the cultural norms and customs of foreign countries clash with U.S. law. Suggestions are then made about how U.S. firms can meaningfully comply with the extraterritorial requirements of U.S. anti-discrimination rules and regulations. Finally, the paper examines legal and organizational issues that require further clarification and interpretation.