关于我国博士生培养模式的点滴思考

《学位条例》颁布以来,博士生教育一直受到特别关注,但我国博士生培养无论在基础理论还是在创新性方面都存在相当多的问题,这两方面的问题都与博士生培养模式相关联。通过借鉴美国、德闻、英国等发达国家培养博士生的经验,在我国学位与研究生制度的框架内,界定了“条件成熟学科”的具体涵义,并探讨了在“条件成熟的学科”重新建立一种新的博士生培养模式的必要性和可能性。     

Practitioner-centred research and the Ph.D.

This paper is about Ph.Ds, practitioner-centred research and action learning. The aim of this paper is to help develop a framework for those completing doctorates based on action learning. The paper explores relationships between the personal learning of action learning participants and the public knowledge associated with conventional research. It concludes that the new professional doctorates based on action learning offer a way of integrating evidence-based practice with practice-based evidence.     

Benchlearning – an action research program for transforming leadership and school practices

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we investigate how a Benchlearning program for principals in Norway and Sweden supports changes in Norwegian principals’ leadership practices. The program design builds on principles for practical action research. The aim of the program was to inspire changes in the principals’ leadership practices that encourage innovative school practices. The program includes learning modes such as theoretical inputs, sharing experiences, school visits, training, and trialling of new leadership practices. Drawing on data from participants’ reflections on their learning and changes in their leadership practices, we identify transformations that have been realized and the ways in which the Benchlearning program has supported the transformations. The findings indicate that the program can be seen as a systematic and disciplined process, a ‘meta-practice’, that supports changes in the principals’ leadership practices, their understandings, and the conditions of their practice. More specifically, the findings show that the theoretical inputs and practical learning modes stimulated transformations of the principals’ thinking about leadership practices, what they do in practice and how they relate to others. In particular, the study suggests that the principals’ active participation in trialling new leadership practices in their own schools stimulated transformations.     

建立我国专业博士学位制度的研究

专业博士学位是一种应用型高级学位,这种学位适应社会对高级应用人才的需要。近几年来,我国改革现有博士生培养制度,建立专业博士学位的呼声不断。笔者对我国设置专业博士学位的必要性、主要障碍进行分析,并提出构建我国专业博士学位制度的建议。     

博士论文选题研究

本文通过对102篇博士论文选题的统计分析,提出博士论文选题应遵循前沿性、应用性、创新性、挑战性和可行性五大原则,以及以选题为指南的博士生招生改革思路。     

博士研究生教育质量状况调查报告(博士生导师卷)

从保障博士研究生教育质量的角度出发,课题组对华东地区某师范大学的在校博士生导师进行了文件调查。调查显示,随着高等教育的跨越式发展,入学选拔、培养过程和学位授予等影响博士生教育质量的环节有待进一步改进。     

Influences on the career accomplishments of Ph.D.'s

Six samples of Ph.D. recipients 3, 5, and 13 years after receiving the doctorate are examined for academic and personal characteristics associated with the career accomplishments of professional productivity and income. Both academic and nonacademic careers are included; the samples are professionals in chemistry, history, psychology, and the physical, biological, and social sciences. In general, the results suggest that academic ability and quality of the Ph.D. program influence job settings and responsibilities, which in turn directly influence both productivity and income. Number of years since the degree also is consistently related to both outcome measures.     

Transformative graduate education programs: an analysis of impact on STEM and non-STEM Ph.D. completion

Transformative graduate education programs (TGP) are programs that are national in scope and are intended to impact the reformation of graduate education in the United States. We employ data from national sources and shift the unit of analysis from the individual doctoral student to the doctoral institution as whole in order to begin to assess the impact of TGPs on the number of doctoral degrees awarded, a critical outcome for such programs, and an educational priority in many countries. In addition, we examine the critical issue of whether TGPs enhance Ph.D. degree conferral for women and minorities, and if they do so at STEM-oriented institutions, typically the least hospitable of all environments for these groups.     

制约我国博士生培养质量的若干制度因素分析

文章主要从我国博士生教育的学术环境、招生制度、学习年限、课程学习、资格考试、发表论文、学科专业、导师队伍、研究生院等方面,论述了制约我国博士生培养质量的若干制度因素。     

The Italian Ph.D ten years on: Educational,scientific and occupational outcomes

Higher Education - The doctorate in Italy is a new institution. In this paper we present the results of an investigation that attempts to assess the experience from three main points of view: (i)...     

学术型博士生学术激情及其影响因素研究 ——基于我国研究生院高校的实证分析

借鉴心理学中的激情二元模型,利用38所研究生院高校1729名学术型博士生的调查数据,考察了我国学术型博士生学术激情的总体状况及其影响因素。结果发现,博士生普遍存在学术激情不高的现象;博士生的和谐学术激情和强迫学术激情之间存在中度正相关关系,其和谐学术激情显著高于强迫学术激情;院校类型以及学科专业对博士生的学术激情有一定的影响;性别因素、婚育状态、年级、读博方式对博士生的和谐学术激情和强迫学术激情均无显著影响;导师指导对博士生的和谐学术激情和强迫学术激情均有显著影响。最后针对高校学术型博士生的招生和培养提出了相应的政策建议。     

博士生求学动机类型的实证研究

通过使用自编《博士生求学动机调查问卷》,运用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析对某“985工程”大学博士生的求学动机类型进行了考察.研究表明:博士生求学动机主要分为社会驱动型、工作驱动型、学术驱动型和理想驱动型这4种类型.学术驱动型和理想驱动型是当前博士生王导性求学动机类型.     

Gender and doctoral studies: the perceptions of Ph.D. students in an American university

Twenty students enrolled in Ph.D. programmes were interviewed to examine the role of gender in their academic experiences. Gender was examined in three ways: gender of the student, gender of the student’s faculty supervisor and gender make‐up of the faculty within the student’s department or academic unit. All students reported the importance of supportive faculty mentors and that financial worries, time pressure and the uncertainty of future employment were sources of stress. Family formation and striving toward personal as well as professional goals were particularly of concern for women, as were perceptions of differential treatment. Women students valued women faculty mentors, although female faculty were perceived as less supportive than male faculty of family concerns when these women had themselves sacrificed family formation for the sake of their careers. Both men and women experienced less stress and reported greater career commitment when faculty in their departments exhibited less traditional values regarding the balancing of personal and professional goals. The implications of these findings for reducing doctoral student attrition rates and for creating a more supportive environment for Ph.D. students are discussed.