Network time for the European Higher Education Area

Abstract

In this article, we discuss the process of standardization of Higher education (HE) initiated by the Bologna Process bringing to the forefront the temporal politics of the standardization of European Higher Education Arena (EHEA). Empirically, we perform a comparative review of the Scorecards indicators at the base of the Bologna Process monitoring project. We argue that the fabrication of EHEA could be seen as the installation of new time-space ‘time’ and ‘space’ appear inevitably intertwined. Instead of being a simple addition, the time space of EHEA interferes with the multiple time spaces of educational institutions and is characterized by being a network time, an unbroken and fragmented temporality sustained, enacted through, and controlled by the fluidity and the malleability of standards. They change recurrently over time, playing with different rhythms. What emerges is an overall arrhythmia that maintains the field permanently in tension. This reconfigures temporality as intrinsically manifold: as multiple and heterogeneous. Moreover, the temporal politics of standards reconfigures perception of past, present and especially future. The current state of implementation is constantly being (re)shaped in relation to the present and future performances, where’s one today level of EHEA targets achievement forms the basis for improvement tomorrow. In this scenario, assessing standards and headline targets become a policy instrument for synchronizing the countries performances, by locating them in a temporal framework that encodes future-oriented dispositions.     

中东欧视野下的欧洲高等教育学区

中东欧各国转型以来积极参与欧洲高等教育学区的创建。但这种由西欧主导的高等教育一体化忽视了西欧国家和中东欧国家之间存在的巨大差异,由此导致欧洲高等教育学区形成了“核心”与“外围”的结构。中东欧国家在参与创建欧洲统一高等教育学区中面临的遭遇,与其在政治经济方面的处境如出一辙,其实质依然是“老欧洲”国家与“新欧洲”国家之间经济利益和政治权力的不平衡分配。     

对高等教育统计指标设置的一些思考

高等教育统计是高校实行科学管理的重要手段。是制定教育政策、编制教育发展规划的重要依据。随着教育体制改革的不断深化和办学形式的多样化,统计指标的界定出现了不少新问题,积极解决目前高等教育统计指标设置和解释中存在着的一些不足,才能为高等教育的发展提供保障。     

Reconsidering regionalisation in global higher education: student mobility spaces of the European Higher Education Area

This paper examines international student mobility between member states of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), a group of 47 countries that committed to reforming their higher education systems to improve the comparability and compatibility of degrees. While increased student mobility is a key goal in its official documents, little research has empirically investigated student mobility patterns in respect to the EHEA. The analysis employs multivariate techniques to identify trends in student mobility between 1999 and 2009, using a spatial approach to visualise the relationships between member states as constituted through student mobility flows. Results show that within the analysis timeframe student flows in the EHEA became more even in their distribution, but that in terms of the relationships between states, the EHEA became more centralised and segmented, meaning that key actors mediated exchanges between peripheral states and the region was more easily divided into self-contained clusters. These trends indicate a need to critically reconsider the nature of the EHEA and its role in the globalisation of higher education.     

欧洲高等教育区域背景下的学分互换制

伴随着欧洲经济一体化的进程,欧洲的高等教育也日益走向联合。在建设欧洲高等教育区域的框架内,为了方便学生的流动和国际课程的发展,欧洲学分互换制扮演着重要的角色。这篇文章主要从欧洲学分互换制的演变,欧洲学分互换制的主要特征,欧洲学分互换制所需要的主要文件,欧洲学分互换制的咨询顾问,获得欧洲学分互换制认可的权利和义务,大学在欧洲学分互换制中所承担的作用,欧洲学分互换制的发展近况,以及欧洲学分互换制对我国的启示这八个部分全面介绍了欧洲学分互换制的发展状况。     

欧洲高等教育一体化的启示

高等教育的国际化已经成为当今世界高等教育发展的一种趋势。从《索邦宣言》到《布拉格公报》,欧洲国家开展了一场遍及欧洲大陆的高等教育改革,尝试建立一个欧洲高等教育区,旨在使欧洲各国的高等教育逐步趋同,走向国际化。但欧洲高等教育的一体化进程并非是坦途,必将面临严峻的挑战。在高等教育国际化的大潮中,中国的高等教育改革何去何从,欧洲的设想和经验或许对我们有所启迪。     

亚洲和太平洋地区的高等教育改革

在全球化浪潮的影响下,亚洲和太平洋地区的高等教育取得了巨大发展。随着冷战格局的破灭,亚太地区国家的高等教育逐步摆脱了对美国或苏联模式的“依附”,开始走向“自立”;其高等教育扩张政策的推行,也使由大学升学竞争带来的“学历病”有所缓解。在亚洲地区高等教育大众化过程中,私立高等教育不断壮大,逐步由“边缘”地位走“向主导”地位。近年亚太地区国家所采取的应对全球化战略的高等教育改革举措主要包括四个方面:1)运营效率化;2)保证教育质量;3)研究高度化;4)推进国际化。这些举措对日本有诸多启示。     

International Demand For Spanish University Education: an analysis in the context of the European Higher Education Area

In the current context of globalisation it seems inevitable that the international openness of universities would also lead to efforts to attract foreign students. In the case of Spain, this is more necessary, insofar as the drop in population, the existence of other quality educational offerings, and the greater number of public and private universities have made students a target to compete for. Cutbacks in public funds have accentuated this trend. This article analyses the international demand at Spanish universities in order to determine whether there are significant differences because of the level of local competition faced by universities and public or private ownership. The Herfindhal index and analysis of variance are used to this end. Using data from the Statistics on University Students for the 2005‐2006 and 2011‐2012 academic years, we found that the creation of the European Higher Education Area partially affected international demand at Spanish universities. The overall international attractiveness of the Spanish university system improved considerably and universities have assumed an international view, regardless of the competition in their respective areas. Therefore, local competition is no longer a decisive factor to explain the international demand. In contrast, although public or private ownership does not determine the international attractiveness of universities, it does serve to explain their type of international demand.     

欧洲国家高等教育质量保障中的学生参与政策

在利益相关者治理理论、"多元价值"教育评价思想以及博洛尼亚进程的影响下,英、法、德、意等欧洲国家纷纷出台了有关学生参与高等教育质量保障的政策。通过对学生参与质量保障的权利给予立法保障,吸纳学生参与高等教育管理机构和各级质量保障机构,以及充分发挥学生组织的作用等政策措施,欧洲国家在质量保障中实现学生的全面、充分参与。     

高等教育大众化进程中的高职教育

高等教育大众化意味着高等教育规模的扩张。高职教育的发展,不仅满足了我国高等教育数量上的稀缺,更弥合了我国的高等教育结构的失衡带来的重大弊端,成为推动高等教育大众化的主要力量。     

Does Educational Preparation Match Professional Practice: The Case of Higher Education Policy Analysts

This study compares the extent to which higher education policy analysts and master’s and doctoral faculty of higher education and public affairs programs match on a set of competencies thought to be important to higher education policy analysis. Analysts matched master’s faculty in three competencies while analysts and doctoral faculty matched in five competencies. The findings suggest possible reasons why analysts and graduate faculty agree or differ on various competencies. Also, the findings raise important questions regarding the preparation of higher education policy analysts and the graduate programs that educate them. This study is an addition to the body of competency literature. Eduardo C. Arellano  obtained a B.A. in Political Science and an M.P.A from the University of Texas at El Paso, and he holds the Ph.D. in Educational Administration from New Mexico State University. He is an assistant professor at New Mexico State University in the Department of Educational Management and Development. His special interests are interactional diversity, competency, and US–Mexico border studies. Mario C. Martinez  has a B.A. in Electrical Engineering from New Mexico State University, an M.B.A. from the University of Texas at Austin, and a Ph.D. in Educational Policy and Leadership from Arizona State University. He is an associate professor at the University of Nevada-Las Vegas in the department of Educational Leadership. His special interests are higher education policy, governance, finance, competency modeling, and strategy.     

迎接知识经济挑战的欧洲高等教育

以欧洲主要国家的高等教育发展为背景,阐述了面对知识经济时代,为加快高等教育发展所采取的“加强各国间合作,共建面向未来欧洲高等教育;把高等教育纳入国有创新体系,发挥高校在知识经济发展特点是科技创新中的作用”等有效措施。     

依托远程教育方式发展民族高等教育

资金投入不足一直是制约我国民族地区高等教育发展的重要因素之一，借助远程高等教育投入少效益高等方面的优势，能很好地解决民族地区教育资金缺乏的问题，在民族高等教育的发展中具有重要的促进作用。     

论文艺复兴时期欧洲高等教育发展的文化选择

高等教育发展与文化选择具有内在的必然联系。在欧洲文艺复兴的特定历史时期,以经院哲学为主要特征的宗教文化越来越阻碍高等教育的发展,人文主义文化成为欧洲高等教育发展文化选择主要内容。贬抑神性,高扬人性的人文主义文化逐渐渗透到了欧洲各大学并促进了欧洲高等教育的进一步发展。在文艺复兴时期,选择人文主义文化作为发展的主导文化模式是欧洲高等教育发展进程中的必然。     

Towards European Citizenship through Higher Education?

The purpose of this study, the first part of a recently concluded project, is to describe and analyse the perceptions that European university students have of European citizenship and to offer some insight into the term. Before describing our findings, we offer a brief review of the concept of citizenship, attempting to define it in the European context and showing how it can be attained, while demonstrating that, contrary to what one might expect, the concept is by no means easy to grasp, as young people do not have a clear idea of what Europe means or what Europe wants. Our results have implications for our understanding of European integration.     

从高等教育产品的特性论我国高等教育管理

我国高等教育已逐步过渡到大众化阶段,高等教育管理在高等教育大众化发展过程中有着非常重要的意义。我国高等教育产品总体上属于准公共产品性质,并且具有公平性与效率性、内部效益与外部效益、生产与消费同步、超前性与滞后性等特性,这些特点都决定了政府因素和市场因素应该且必须介入到高等教育管理领域,为我国高等教育管理与发展的分析研究提供一个切入点。     

数据挖掘技术在中、高职关键能力衔接指标构建中的应用

关键能力指独立于具体的专业能力以外的能力.工作领域对从业人员关键能力的一致性要求已成为中高职一体化教育关注的目标.结合区域经济特点,基于数据挖掘技术中的AHP层次分析法,探索对中高职衔接中学生的"关键能力"各权重值进行剖析的一种方法,为中高职一体化衔接及制定中高职衔接一体化人才培养模式提供科学参考.     

对高等教育大众化背景下高职教育改革的思考

高职教育如何顺应高等教育大众化趋势，切实提高人才培养质量，争取较高的社会认可度，是其亟待解决的问题之一。而高职院校在准确目标定位、转变教育理念、深化课程建设、创新培养模式。优化教育资源等方面的改革是推进高职教育的关健。     

高等教育质量观与优质高等教育的发展

在我国高等教育向大众化过渡的过程中,大众质量观、全面质量观和评估质量观受到了理论界和实践界的高度重视。高等教育迈过大众化的门槛以后,发展优质高等教育成为各级各类高校面临的首要任务。树立科学的质量观,以现代高等教育理念为指导,重视高等教育质量的生成过程,完善高等教育评估制度,是现在和未来我国高等教育改革与发展必须要解决的重要课题。     

欧洲高等教育区建设:背景、进程与意义

建设一个开放的欧洲高等教育区成为目前欧洲各国高等教育努力的目标。本文从欧洲社会经济发展及欧洲高等教育系统等层面，分析了欧洲高等教育区建设的深刻背景，阐述了欧洲高等教育区建设的具体过程，揭示了欧洲高等教育区建设将对欧洲社会、欧洲高等教育系统产生的深远影响。