博物馆生态景观陈列中仿真植物制作的细节处理

生态景观陈列是博物馆陈列中的一种重要的陈列形式,特别是在自然科学类博物馆的陈列中,通常都被作为陈列的中心亮点呈现给观众。在各式各样的生态景观陈列中,除了展现极地冰雪世界等少数特殊环境的生态景观陈列外,绝大多数的生态景观陈列中都少不了一种非常重要的组成元素——仿真植物。     

信息素养和终身学习领域的图书馆员和其他信息专业人员的职业和专业发展机会与挑战

在今天和明天的培训班上,大家会反复地听到"信息素养和终身学习".我很荣幸作为联合国教科文组织信息素养项目的推广者,今年已在全世界所有的地区主办了11个培训班,其中6个已经完成.在这6个培训班上,专家和学员充分强调和讨论了该项目带来的职业和专业发展机会与挑战.今天,我愿意与大家分享这些成果.     

融合深度学习和链路预测的细粒度技术预测研究——以合成生物技术为例

[目的/意义]面向专利文本进行更细粒度的技术实体识别和技术预测,利于更详细地把握专利技术布局与趋势。[方法/过程]首先利用深度学习方法自动识别专利技术术语类实体,通过实验对比多组深度学习算法的优劣。其次,提出新的半监督标注和自定义标注方案,提高人工标注效率。最后,执行训练得到的最优模型,结合链路预测方法,对合成生物技术进行细粒度的技术预测。[结果/结论]实证结果表明RoBERTa-BiLSTM-CRF模型更适用于语义复杂的专利技术实体识别,F1值可达到86.8%,技术识别结果比传统IPC分析方法更精细。同时,细粒度的技术预测结果表明,合成生物学的合成方法在不断改进创新,合成物研究向合成燃料发展。     

Identifying Subject-Specific Conferences as Professional Development Opportunities for the Academic Librarian

A major challenge facing academic libraries is the need for reference librarians to become knowledge experts in their assigned subject areas. The subject-specialist approach increases the effectiveness of collection development, classroom instruction, and faculty liaison interactions. Simultaneously, this approach creates the need for continuous learning opportunities. Conferences organized around academic disciplines provide a direct connection to subject-specific information as well as opportunities for meeting people who share common interests. With the increase in interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to teaching and research, the authors argue that attending subject-specific conferences is the best way to keep up with information needs in various fields. This article reviews the benefits of attending academic conferences and discusses five strategies for selecting an appropriate subject conference in any discipline. First-person accounts of conference experiences illustrate these benefits.     

A Foundation for Change: Using Challenges and Opportunities as Building Blocks for Collection Management

Abstract

Large-scale collection management represents not just opportunities in terms of space, budgets, and personnel but also an important responsibility for the library’s ability to provide quality service and access to knowledge in the future. Libraries must address many challenges when managing collections, but by taking advantage of opportunities when presented, libraries can improve access for today and tomorrow. Using the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an example, this article will explore how opportunities like high-density storage, shared print initiatives, digitization efforts, and mass deduplication can address challenges facing libraries and improve current and future access to collections.     

Moving Beyond Seating-centered Learning Environments: Opportunities and Challenges Identified in a POE of a Campus Library

Colleges increasingly are recognized as student workplaces, inspiring campus leaders to create healthier campus environments. Yet challenging this vision is burgeoning research regarding the health risks of sedentary behavior, an under-studied college health concern that implies deleterious health outcomes and, by extension, academic impediments as well.Can movement be incorporated into academic activities such as studying or reading? This question—particularly relevant to libraries due to their increasing use as study spaces—requires the expansion of standard methods of evaluating student health needs and behaviors. We propose Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) methods as a novel way to investigate sedentary behaviors in a campus library and identify designs and practices to help promote movement.In 2012 and 2013, as part of an undergraduate architecture class, we conducted two POEs of Berkeley's newest library to learn how the space is used and, inspired by new research about the perils of sedentary behavior, we also considered how the library could be used. Through our findings we confirmed the changing role of campus libraries as study spaces, observed social and built environment contexts of sedentary behaviors in library settings, and identified possible interventions to introduce postural variation and physical activity into observed patterns of library use.     

EGO‐TRAP: A Mobile Augmented Reality Tool for Science Learning in a Semi‐formal Setting

Abstract EGO‐TRAP is a cellphone‐facilitated interactive narrative game created at the Experimentarium in Copenhagen. Designed to support scientific literacy among students from upper secondary schools, the project is part of a reform that has increased focus on educational methods and alternative learning resources in Denmark since 2005, and that explores the educational potential of museums and science centers outside formal school settings. EGO‐TRAP can be called a “digital narrative” or Augmented Reality (AR)—a digital extension of a physical setting.     

呼吁现实和价值的回归

本文认为巴尔特的结构主义“层次理论”对我国的文艺学等学科的建设都起到了很大的推动作用,但长期以来我们往往比较注重吸收而缺乏有效的批判,从而失去了“洋为中用”的根本意义。本文认为其“层次理论”虽然具有动态的立体式的结构特色以及反传统的历史意义;然由于结构主义的本体论倾向,使得它在戳穿现实神话时却产生了与社会的绝缘,在戳穿意识形态神话时却拒绝了个人的价值,从而使“层次理论”成了一种封闭的结构游戏;本文试图通过对这一理论的批判,希望为如何正确对待西方理论起到一种抛砖引玉的作用。     

Job Opportunities for Academic and Public Librarians

No abstract available for this article.     

Vietnam: Challenges and Opportunities for Publishers

Little is known about the publishing industry and the cultural complexities of Vietnam and, therefore, this article provides a summary of the essential information and related data on the demographics of the country. The development of the publishing industry is traced from 1945 before the unification of North and South Vietnam in 1975 to the present status. The role of the book publishing industry is examined in relation to television and radio media. A review of the reading culture is presented to understand the current status and potential for printed books as well as E-books in Vietnam.     

Perceptions of the Authenticity of Reality Programs and Their Relationships to Audience Involvement,Enjoyment, and Perceived Learning

This survey study investigated whether viewer perceptions of reality programs' authenticity were associated with involvement, enjoyment, and perceived learning. Four dimensions of perceived authenticity were identified: cast eccentricity, representativeness, candidness, and producer manipulation. Perceptions that the cast was not eccentric, that they were representative of people the respondents could meet, that they were behaving candidly, and that the producers were manipulating the show were associated with cognitive involvement. Cast representativeness was also positively associated with social involvement. Each form of involvement was associated with enjoyment. Perceptions of the cast members' representativeness, candidness, and lack of eccentricity were associated with perceived learning.     

我国科技期刊开放获取的机遇与挑战

开放获取运动给科技期刊的出版模式带来变革.面对前所未有的机遇和危机,国际上的科技期刊积极回应:新兴出版商大量新办开放获取期刊;传统出版商开设OA子刊,化"危"为"机";多数期刊打造混合出版模式,实现转型过渡发展.与此同时,我国科技期刊受到严峻的挑战:科技期刊开放获取发展不成熟,加速科研论文与经费外流;没有遵循国际OA标...     

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介绍联机联合编目的含义和发展趋势,分析现阶段在我国实现联机联合编目的可行性。着重探讨在联机联合编目时代编目工作者面临的机遇与挑战,并就如何提高我国编目工作者队伍的整体素质提出建议。     

ICT and rural societies: Opportunities for growth

The application of ICT solutions for the development of rural India and other developing countries opens up a vast range of possibilities. Giving an opportunity to the vast majority of the population living in rural areas, to cross the digital divide to obtain access to information resources and services provided by ICT is the next revolution waiting to happen. Although this is a development issue, it is just not the government, non-government organizations or the rural masses that have a role to play. Private profit-making institutions can develop solutions to capture the hitherto unrecognized markets, make profits and at the same time aid the rural societies. The new technologies being developed can help surmount barriers present in providing information resources at a low cost and make applications feasible and profitable. This paper presents some cases where ICT has been effectively used for the benefit of the rural societies and analyzes the opportunities that lie in this sphere. The cases range from successful use of ICT in governance, to ICT solutions for improved profits to ICT in microfinance. A case of an initiative by a large mainstream corporation to reach out to the rural sector, help in development and realize profits mutually is also presented. The projects discussed should generate more interest and facilitate private investment in the hitherto virgin territory. A large number of hurdles still remain but creative ideas, breakthrough ICT technologies and committed organizations can usher in the next revolution in the developing world.     

学习理论之于博物馆教育实践的意义——《博物馆学习:作为促进工具的理论与研究》书评

20世纪80年代,教育领域“由教到学”的哲学转向延伸至博物馆领域。随着关于博物馆学习的讨论日益丰富,观众在博物馆中的行为始终无法绕开学习这一因素成为学界共识。《博物馆学习:作为促进工具的理论与研究》一书从理论出发,对相关的学习理论进行阐述,将理论研究和博物馆实践相结合,试图架起研究人员和博物馆专业工作人员之间的桥梁,从心理学、社会学、 哲学、人类学等视角开展跨学科研究。本书资料丰富,理论介绍全面,可为我国开展博物馆教育和学习提供较为全面的理论指南和实践指导,如博物馆分众类别研究和学习环境如何分众化的启示,一定程度上也有助于使我们认识到理论的重要性,开展更多聚焦事物本质的研究。