Numerical Modeling of the Performance of R22 and R290 in Adiabatic Capillary Tubes Considering Metastable Two-Phase Region--Flow Characteristics and Parametric Analysis of R22 and R290

Characteristics of R22 and its new alternative refrigerant R290 flowing through adiabatic capillary tubes are investigated based on the homogeneous model.Extensive flow variables along tube length such as pressure, temperature, viscosity, velocity, Reynolds number, friction factor and vapor quality etc are compared between the two fluids under the same operating condition. Two cases are considered, namely, either the same tube length or the same mass flow rate as inlet condition. The results show that the mass flow rate in the capillary tube of R290 is 40% lower than that of R22 due to the differences of physical properties between the two fluids. Further, a parametric analysis is performed and it appears that effects of geometric and thermodynamic parameters on mass flow rate of R290 are weaker than that of R22. When the condensing temperature is increased from 40 ℃ to 50 ℃, the mass flow rate for R22 is increased by 16%, while the increasing rate for R290 is 13%.     

含油制冷剂R600a管内两相流动摩擦压降研究

基于文献含油制冷剂R600a两相流动摩擦压降实验数据,采用文献中6种关联式模型对含油制冷剂R600a两相摩擦压降的实验数据进行预测判断。结果表明:油影响因子模型Schlager关联式和Eckel关联式的预测值与实验值平均绝对偏差分别为27.3%和24.4%;混合物性的两相增强因子模型Zurcher关联式和Hu关联式的预测值与实验值的平均绝对偏差分别为33.8%和34.0%,上述关联式预测值普遍低于实验值。     

R290家用空调器系统性能优化实验研究

对R290家用空调的系统性能进行优化试验．并将优化结果与R22空调系统性能进行比较,结果表明：R290空调系统的能效比提高约10％,工质充注量减少约60％,毛细管长度增长30％,R290系统采用小管径换热器有利于提高空调的能效比。     

R290在家用空调中替代R22的实验研究

为探索R290作为制冷剂在家用空调中应用的可行性,在相同型号的空调器中进行了R290与R22的性能对比实验。结果表明:家用空调器不仅可以用R290替代R22,而且还有环保和节能的效果,能效比可提高10.26%～19.53%。     

房间空调器R290替代R22的可行性分析

通过比较基本热力性质和进行理论循环计算,结合安全性、环保性,经济性等因素对丙烷(R290)替代R22的可行性进行了综合分析比较,并通过实验进行了验证,结果表明,在房间空调器中,R290作为R22的替代物具有极其优良的特性。     

毛细管绝热节流过程焓变化特性的理论分析与实验验证

计算分析了焓相等和滞止焓相等情况下毛细管中R22节流特性参数及其变化规律．并将两种情况下所选取的毛细管与真实制冷系统毛细管比较。理论计算和实验结果都表明滞止焓相等才是毛细管绝热节流的基本特性,而绝热节流焓相等的理论不够准确。     

CFD Simulation of Film Flow and Gas/Liquid Countercurrent Flow on Structured Packing

A mathematic model of two-phase flow and a physical model of two-dimensional (2D) vertical section for the plate-type structured packing Mellapak 250.Y were set up and verified. The models were used to study the influence of packing’s surface microstructure on the continuity of liquid film and the amount of liquid holdup. Simulation results show that the round corner shape and micro wavy structure are favorable in remaining the continuity of liquid film and increasing the amount of liquid holdup. The appropriate liquid flow rate was determined by investigating different liquid loadings to obtain an unbroken liquid film on the packing surface. The pressure difference between inlet and outlet for gas phase allowed gas and liquid to flow countercurrently in a 2D computational domain. The direction change of gas flow occurred near the phase interface area.     

Review:Liquid film dryout model for predicting critical heat flux in annular two-phase flow

Gas-liquid two-phase flow and heat transfer can be encountered in numerous fields, such as chemical engineering, refrigeration, nuclear power reactor, metallurgical industry, spaceflight. Its critical heat flux (CHF) is one of the most important factors for the system security of engineering applications. Since annular flow is the most common flow pattern in gas-liquid two-phase flow, predicting CHF of annular two-phase flow is more significant. Many studies have shown that the liquid film dryout model is successful for that prediction, and determining the following parameters will exert predominant effects on the accuracy of this model: onset of annular flow, inception criterion for droplets entrainment, entrainment fraction, droplets deposi-tion and entrainment rates. The main theoretical results achieved on the above five parameters are reviewed; also, limitations in the existing studies and problems for further research are discussed.     

Liquid film dryout model for predicting critical heat flux in annular two-phase flow

Gas-liquid two-phase flow and heat transfer can be encountered in numerous fields, such as chemical engineering, refrigeration, nuclear power reactor, metallurgical industry, spaceflight. Its critical heat flux （CHF） is one of the most important factors for the system security of engineering applications. Since annular flow is the most common flow pattern in gas-liquid two-phase flow, predicting CHF of annular two-phase flow is more significant. Many studies have shown that the liquid film dryout model is successful for that prediction, and determining the following parameters will exert predominant effects on the accuracy of this model： onset of annular flow, inception criterion for droplets entrainment, entrainment fraction, droplets deposition and entrainment rates. The main theoretical results achieved on the above five parameters are reviewed; also, limitations in the existing studies and problems for further research are discussed.     

Investigation of oil-air two-phase mass flow rate measurement using Venturi and void fraction sensor

INTRODUCTION Accurate measurement of multiphase fluids flow rates in the petroleum industry is of great importance. The most reliable measurement technique for multi-phase flow is separating the mixture and using con-ventional devices for measuring single-phase flow. However, in many cases the separation is not practical from both technical and economical points of view. An alternative solution is the multiphase flow me-tering system, usually consisting of a combination of devices for ph…     

科氏质量流量计气液两相流实验装置设计

针对科氏质量流量计的特点,设计了一套气液两相流实验装置,着重介绍了该实验装置的系统组成、主要功能和指标,以及重要部件的选型。实践表明,该实验装置设计合理、功能完善、测试准确可靠,可以用来模拟气液两相流。     

不互溶液体内泡滴的直接接触传热模型(英文)

研究垂直管内两不互溶液体——正戊烷 -水系统的直接接触传热 ,管内易汽化的液体从管底用氮气压入形成分散泡滴 ,不易汽化的连续相液体在加热到一定温度后 ,以并流形式流过 .在考虑气泡被连续相流体破碎的情况下 ,借助于平均体积传热系数模型 ,在理论分析基础上通过实验研究建立了单个气泡的传热系数模型 ,模型参数有较好的关联性     

油气在竖直管内湍流流动时冷凝的数值模拟

为了探索油气在冷凝回收过程中的冷凝规律,采用气液两相流模型描述了油气在竖直管内湍流流动时的冷凝过程.采用有效传质系数描述了油气组分的质量传递.模拟了油气在管内冷凝时的温度、管内压力、液膜厚度和Nusselt数的变化,得到了入口油气和管壁的温差、雷诺数对冷凝率和Nusselt数的影响.结果显示：增大入口雷诺数能显著增强传热和冷凝,但是增大入口油气和管壁的温差对冷凝率的影响较小;另外,还发现传质阻力对油气冷凝率有较大影响.此模型的计算结果与先前的实验数据能够很好地符合.     

Lighthill and his art of mathematical modelling

Lighthill modeled the flow of blood through a narrow capillary involving the passage of individual red blood cells through it in a single file. The study involved the motion of relatively tightly fitting pellets of solid matter forced along distensible tubes. The equations governing the motion and suitable boundary conditions are formulated. The mathematical highlight of Lighthill’s model is the use of the method of matched asymptotic expansion in six layers.     

Quasi 1D modeling of two-phase flow and deposit formation for urea-selective catalytic reduction systems

A quasi 1D model of two-phase flow for a urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is developed which can calculate not only the generation of reducing agent but also the formation of deposits in the exhaust pipe. The gas phase flow is solved through Euler method, variables are stored on staggered grids, and the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equation (SIMPLE) algorithm is applied to decouple the pressure and velocity. The liquid phase is treated in a Lagrangian way, which solves the equations of droplet motion, evaporation, thermolysis, and spray wall interaction. A combination of a direct decomposition model and a kinetic model is implemented to describe the different decomposition behaviors of urea in the droplet phase and wall film, respectively. A new 1D wall film model is proposed, and the equations of wall film motion, evaporation, thermolysis, and species transport are solved. The position, weight, and components of deposits can be simulated following implementation of the semi-detailed kinetic model. The simulation results show that a decrease in the exhaust temperature will increase the wall film region and the weight of deposits. Deposit components are highly dependent on temperature. The urea-water-solution (UWS) injection rate can affect the total mass of wall film and expand the film region, but it has little influence on deposit components. An increase in exhaust mass flow can decrease the total weight of deposits on the pipe wall because of the promotion of the mass and heat transfer process both in the droplets and wall film.     

基于LabVIEW的气液两相流实验教学系统的开发

气液两相流信号的分析方法及流型识别方法众多。为使两相流信号处理形象化,便于学生深入掌握工程信号的处理,利用LabVIEW图形化编程语言及其工具包对3种典型流型——泡状流、弹状流、塞状流进行提取,将两相流信号的时域、频域分析等几种方法与流型识别方法进行整合,开发了气液两相流实验教学系统。测试结果表明,该系统操作方便直观、性能可靠,界面具有良好的人机交互性,在有效提高学生认知效率的同时大大降低实验费用,有利于更好地培养学生的自主性和创新性。该系统是针对实验教学的改革,也适用于开展本科生课外科技活动、拓展实践能力。     

城市交通流量的非线性混沌预测模型研究

为了解决日益严重的城市交通问题，本根据交通流已被证明的混沌特性，尝试采用非线性混沌模型来分析交通流时间序列．该模型首先将交通流时间序列在相空间中重构，以充分提取交通流中的相关信息，在此基础上，应用混沌理论对重构信息构材预测方程，并运用遗传算法对模型参数进行了优化辨识，以获得最佳的预测效果．实际的城市交通流量预测研究表明，该模型具有较高的预测精度，可以为城市交通规划和控制提供准确的参考．     

Effect of Ultrafine particles on Flow Field and Transport Properties near the nterface Around a Moving Bubble

Laser Doppler Anemometer has been used to measure the flow field characteristics near the interface around a moving bubble in the presence of ultrafine particles. In order to model a moving bubble, the bubble was fixed into the counter-flow liquid by a metal mesh. Experimental materials are air and water, and the particles are complex oxidate powder. Experiments were carried out under the operating conditions: the liquid flow velocity u0 is 12.6 cm/s, the equivalent diameter de is 0.6 cm, the mass concentration of particle is 0.2%,the average particle diameter is about 10 nm and the density is 2 g/cm3. The velocity profiles of both frontal and tail-vortex areas were measured respectively. The experimental results show that the velocity fields are obviously changed in the existence of particles. In the frontal area of the bubble, both tangential and normal velocities decrease due to the presence of particles, but in tail vortex area, the tangential velocities increase remarkably, and normal velocities rise gradually from the center towards the fringe in the opposite tendency to that of no particles. The influences of flow field change in the presence of particles on gas-liquid mass transfer are analyzed and discussed.     

逆流降膜除湿器除湿过程的数值研究

建立了模拟逆流降膜除湿过程传热传质的数学模型,给出了传热传质的控制方程和适当的边界条件和气液界面条件.采用氯化钙作为除湿剂,运用控制容积法对降膜除湿溶液与被处理空气之间的除湿过程进行了分析和计算.获得了相应的除湿溶液与被处理空气的速度场、温度分布和出口参数.计算结果表明:沿着除湿器高度方向溶液和空气的温度、溶液的浓度、空气的湿度在入口区域变化较快而在出口区域变化较慢.可分别通过增加竖壁的高度、溶液的入口浓度和溶液的流速来改善除湿过程;同样,也可通过降低空气的流速或空气入口湿度达到改善除湿过程的目的.研究结果有利于改进除湿器的性能,为太阳能液体除湿、空调系统的优化设计和运行调节提供了理论依据.     

Simulation of two-phase flows of a droplet impacting on a liquid film with an improved lattice Boltzmann model

Based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), an improved pseudo-potential model, combined with a method of adding force term, is used to simulate the two-phase flows caused by a liquid droplet impacting on a liquid film. In this model, the different phases are treated as one fluid, and the interfaces between the vapor and liquid phases can be obtained by density value of the fluid. This variant of the LBM allows one to obtain the densities of vapor and liquid with high accuracy. The model is validated by an example of phase separation. The early stage of the impact of droplet on liquid film is simulated, and the results are qualitatively consistent with physical phenomena.