An organizational behavior model of students' evaluation of instruction

The present study develops and tests an organizational behavior model of students' evaluation of instruction outlining the causal relationships among levels of instruction, feedback, goal-setting, student's accomplishment, and student's instructional evaluation.The major findings of this study are: (a) The organizational behavior model is one of the strongest predictors of student's overall instructional evaluation. (b) Student's accomplishment, while controlling for the effects of other independent variables, does not contribute to predicting overall evaluation of instruction. (c) Feedback and goal-setting are the most powerful predictors of overall evaluation of instruction. (d) The means, standard deviations and reliability coefficients of the various variables and the interrelationships among the various variables are similar at two points of time (mid-semester and end-semester). The implications of these findings are discussed and elaborated.     

教师如何实施课堂教学评价

树立正确的教学观和评价观是实施课堂教学评价的前提。教学评价与教学活动是一个不可分割的有机整体。当前,教学评价改革面临着三大主题:由单一目标向多维目标转变;由单一主体向多元主体转变;由单一方法向多样方法转变。这三大主题应该成为教师实施课堂教学评价改革的关键。实施课堂教学评价的目的是诊断和改进教学,因此,要特别重视对评价结果的解释和运用。     

STUDENT EVALUATION OF INSTRUCTION: PERCEPTIONS OF COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENTS,FACULTY, AND ADMINISTRATORS

The purpose of this study was to compare the opinions of students, teachers, and administrators relative to student evaluation of instruction in selected community colleges. While important educational decisions in community colleges are made on the basis of students’ evaluations (as in retention, promotion, tenure, and pay), little has been accomplished in testing the assumptions behind student evaluation of instruction. The student evaluation process assumes that students are honest, serious, and evaluate instruction, not some incidental activity.

A 25‐item Student Evaluation Process Scale was completed by 607 students, 130 faculty, and 45 administrators in five Illinois community colleges. Findings revealed little significant differences in the opinions of students regarding evaluation of instruction based on variables of sex, age, school location, student type (transfer or occupational), and class standing. There were little significant differences in faculty opinion and within the administrative groups based on selected variables. There were significant differences when the opinions of students, faculty, and administrators were compared. Students and faculty tended to agree with those items that questioned the objectivity of student evaluation of instruction. Administrators and students tended to agree with items reflecting the seriousness with which students evaluate instruction. Faculty and administrators indicated that student evaluation of instruction impacted faculty members’ instructional performances. Neither students, faculty, nor administrators supported the concept of merit pay tied to student evaluation of instruction.

The role of student evaluation of instruction in a faculty evaluation system must be investigated. A variety of groups should participate in this investigation.     

A primer of research on cognitive strategy instruction: The important issues and how to address them

Five types of strategy research are reviewed. (1) We argue it makes sense first to determine whether there is a need for strategy instruction. If there is, (2) development of a treatment with preliminary evaluations can follow, as can (3) formal evaluation of the resultant intervention in true experiments. As instructional need research, strategy development, and experimental evaluation proceed, two other types of research should be conducted. (4) It is important to study the acceptability of strategy interventions to educators and students. (5) Research on material modifications can provide information about how strategy benefits can be made available to students when strategy instruction is not effective or unlikely to occur. Very little strategy instruction has been evaluated in all five types of research covered here, making obvious the need for more systematic research on strategies. Observational, ethnographic, and experimental methods are required in order to address the many issues comprising comprehensive empirical analysis of any type of strategy instruction, with many recommendations made here about how to conduct informative studies.     

网络教学平台的可用性评价研究综述

可用性评价是指从用户的角度出发,评价软件或产品是否易用、好用、令用户满意。网络教学平台的主要用户为教师和学习者,较之其它软件平台,对其可用性的评价在传统可用性评价维度,如可学习性、高效性、可记忆性、容错性、适意性等因素之外,需考虑师生教学相关的可用性因素。本文通过对网络教学平台可用性评价的文献梳理,归纳分析了国内外网络教学平台可用性评价的研究进展及相关实践现状。     

基于贝叶斯网络的网络交互教学成效评价系统

网络交互质量是影响网络教学效果的重要因素。已有的网络交互教学成效评价系统缺乏对学习过程的监控和对学习者的良好建模,评价大多凭借专家经验,评估的主观随意性大,评价结果与实际值存在一定的误差。贝叶斯网络有很强大的解决不确定问题的处理水平,是目前基于概率的不确定表达和智能推理方面最有效的理论模型之一。基于贝叶斯网络的网络交互教学成效评价系统,基于领域知识关系构建贝叶斯网络学生模型,并引入模糊数学变换方法对学生认知水平进行评估。能减少不正常因素的干扰,提高对学生认知能力评价的精确度．实现对网络教学交互的质量评估和个性化导学。     

语文教育评价的建构主义视野

建构主义作为当前影响最为深远的教学理论,除了其所提倡的建构性的学习以外,还提出了一系列的促进教学的评价理念,特别是通过“评价中心环境”这一视角作为教学评价与教学过程有机整合的契合点,使评价真正成了教学不可分割的一部分。这对我们当前的语文教育改革有着重要的借鉴意义。     

多元智能理论在智力落后儿童教育中的运用

运用多元智能理论在智力落后儿童教育中进行了多方面的实践和研究。通过对多元智能的相关实验 ,分析多元智能理论在教育、教学、评估方面的应用 ,初步探讨以多元智能理论为依据的课程观、教学观、评价观。为全面推进素质教育 ,加大教育教学改革的进程 ,为教育面向全体学生 ,促进学生全面发展提供了参考。     

课堂教学评价与教师专业发展

课堂教学评价是教育改革的重要组成部分之一,有效的课堂教学评价能够促进教师的专业发展和学生的成长。从传统的课堂教学评价存在的问题入手,提出构建促进教师专业发展的课堂教学评价体系,以丰富和深化课堂教学评价的理论与实践。     

生本化课堂教学有效性评价标准建构与实施方法

课堂教学有效性评价标准建构不仅关系到教学理论自身的价值作用和教学有效性评价的实施,而且直接影响着师生的课堂教学行为和教学质量。针对当前我国课堂教学评价标准中存在的以教论教等缺陷,本文以现代有效教学和以生为本理念为指导,建构了三维十项生本化课堂教学有效性评价标准,并主张在实践中运用学科测验、问卷调查、观察与会谈等方法进行课堂教学有效性评价。     

高校课程教学评价隐性因素的研究

本研究通过对课程教学评价诸因素的调查,分析了性别、认知、心理特性、师生交往等隐性因素对课程教学评价结果的影响.调查表明:师生课前熟知程度、课程出勤率对评价结果无相关;教师上课的着装仪表、学生对课程和专业的兴趣与课程教学评价结果正相关;多数指标中男生的评价分值与平均分值的偏差高于女生.     

Faculty Views of Student Evaluation of College Teaching

The literature abounds with psychometric studies of course evaluation measures and articles debating the merits of student ratings of instruction, but little research has focused on faculty perceptions of this procedure. In the present study faculty perceptions are explored at a teachers' college where evaluation is carried out annually on a sample of courses. The sample includes 101 instructors who completed the research questionnaire. Faculty attitudes reflected a broad range of responses towards validity of student ratings, and their usefulness for improving instruction. Although overall attitudes were mildly positive, few instructors reported changing instruction as a result of student ratings. Moreover, few supported sending evaluation results directly to college administrators or publishing them for student consumption.     

Characteristics of academic areas and students' evaluation of instruction

This study examines the relationship between characteristics of academic areas and students' evaluation of instruction. Based on Biglan's model of subject matter and relevant studies of the role of instruction, a weak partial order model for classifying academic fields and predicting their relative ranking on instructional evaluation was tested. The findings of the study support the weak partial order model for all three criteria of instructional evaluation that are used in this research. Moreover, the major discriminant facet in this study is the knowledge base of the academic program (i.e., hard versus soft sciences). Based on the results of this research, an adapted model for understanding the role of academic areas in predicting instructional evaluation is proposed. The implications of this study are discussed and elaborated.     

Teaching an Advanced Electrical Engineering Course by Closed-Circuit Television

A course in antenna theory was taught to about 125 electrical engineering seniors through the use of closed-circuit television. The techniques of instruction followed were a composite of those used in other television instruction experiments, and the details are given in the paper. Nonedited student comments and an evaluation of the results are given. Closed-circuit television may well have some fruitful application for this level of instruction.     

A Survey of the Instructional Practices of Grade 5 Teachers Nominated as Effective in Promoting Literacy

Grade 5 teachers, who were nominated by their supervisors as effective in educating their students to be readers and writers, responded to questionnaires about their practice. The teachers claimed commitments to (a) extensive reading at the heart of their reading instruction; (b) diverse instructional activities (e.g., whole-group instruction, small-group instruction, cooperative grouping, individual reading); (c) teaching of both word-level and higher order (e.g., comprehension, critical thinking) skills and processes; (d) development of student background knowledge; (e) student writing, including teaching of mechanics and higher order composition skills (e.g., planning, drafting, revising as a process); (f) extensive evaluation of literacy competencies using diverse assessments; (g) integration of literacy and content-area instruction; and (h) commitment to practices that promote student motivation for reading and writing. Excellent literacy instruction is a balanced articulation of many components, including whole language experiences and skills instruction.     

论物理师范生教育技术能力培养的问题与改革

目前我国的物理师范生教育技术能力培养在课程结构与课程内容、教学设计能力培养、教学方式、教育技术能力评价方面存在着诸多的问题.文章分析了这些问题的表现及产生这些问题的原因,在此基础上提出了相应的改革方向:改革物理师范生教育技术能力培养的课程体系;加强实践性教学;建立针对师范生的教育技术能力评价体系;营造教育技术能力培养的良好氛围.     

以质量为核心的教学评估体系构建——兼论我国本科教学工作水平评估

全面提高高等学校的教学质量和办学效益,是开展教学评估的首要目的。为此,必须准确把握高等教育质量的特点,加深对教育评估目标、评估方式和评估过程中的突出问题的认识,形成促进教育质量提高的有效机制。我国现行的高校本科教学工作水平评估已初显成效,当前应深入研究和解决分层分类开展评估、评估技术研发、建立评估数据库、降低评估隐性成本、在评估中开展管理咨询、妥善处理因评估本身固有的不足带来的矛盾等问题,切实推动教学评估和高等教育的健康发展。     

Professor Terman’s Determinism: A Rejoinder

ABSTRACT

The authors investigated whether the amount of instructional guidance affects science learning and self-efficacy. Sixty 9- and 10-year-old children were randomly assigned to one of the following three instructional conditions: (a) guided instruction consisting of examples and student-generated explanations, (b) direct instruction consisting of a lecture and examples, and (c) minimal instruction consisting of student directed discovery. Children who received guided instruction designed a greater percentage of experiments correctly and self-reported greater changes in science self-efficacy than children in the other conditions. No statistically significant differences were observed between direct and guided instruction on outcome measures of cued recall, application and evaluation. However, both conditions performed statistically higher on these outcome measures relative to the minimal instruction condition.     

Individualizing instruction in higher education: A review

The salient characteristics of a variety of approaches to individualizing instruction are described and their respective merits with regard to higher education discussed. The review includes: programmed instruction, computer-assisted instruction and -management, information retrieval systems, audio-tutorial and modular instruction, contingency management and contracting, and personalized and individually prescribed instruction. While these approaches differ from each other in some respects, they all share an overriding concern for individual differences among students and seek to better adapt instruction to the learner.A section on general issues regarding the degree of individualisation, the role of the professor, institutional support for improving instruction, the role of the student, content and method, evaluation, and the future of individualized instruction concludes the review.Formerly, Centre for Learning and Development, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.