A closed-loop particle swarm optimizer for multivariable process controller design

Design of general multivariable process controllers is an attractive and practical alternative to optimizing design by evolutionary algorithms （EAs） since it can be formulated as an optimization problem. A closed-loop particle swarm optimization （CLPSO） algorithm is proposed by mapping PSO elements into the closed-loop system based on control theories. At each time step, a proportional integral （PI） controller is used to calculate an updated inertia weight for each particle in swarms from its last fitness. With this modification, limitations caused by a uniform inertia weight for the whole population are avoided, and the particles have enough diversity. After the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness are tested by benchmark functions, CLPSO is applied to design a multivariable proportional-integral-derivative （PID） controller for a solvent dehydration tower in a chemical plant and has improved its performances.     

关于图的瑕边着色

图G=(V,E)的一个(λ,β)-瑕k-边着色是一个从E到{1,2,…,k}的映射,且存在一个最小整数β≥1,对每一个色j∈{1,2,…,β},至少存在一个顶点uj∈V(G)使得顶点uj关联着有色的j条边;对每一个色l∈{β+1,…,k},没有两条相邻边着有色l.图G的(λ,β)-瑕色数被表示为χ(λ,β)(G),它是一个最小的整数,使对整数k≥χ(λ,(β)G),图G总有一个(λ,β)-瑕k-边着色.在这篇文章中,我们证得χ(λ,1)(G)+λ-1≤χ′(G)≤χ(λ,1)(G)+,其中χ′(G)是G的正常边色数,并确定了几个特殊图类的瑕色数.     

Comparison of computed tomography and chest radiography in the detection of rib fractures in abused infants

PURPOSE: Chest radiographs (CXR) are the standard method for evaluating rib fractures in abused infants. Computed tomography (CT) is a sensitive method to detect rib fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare CT and CXR in the evaluation of rib fractures in abused infants. METHODS: This retrospective study included all 12 abused infants identified from 1999 to 2004 who had rib fractures and both CXR and CT (8 abdomen CTs, 4 chest CTs). CT exams had been performed for clinical indications, and were obtained within one day of the CXR. Studies were reviewed by two pediatric radiologists to determine the number, locations, and approximate ages of the rib fractures. A total of 225 ribs were completely (192) or partially (33) seen by CT, and the matched ribs on CXR were used for the analysis. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 2.5 months (1.2-5.6), with seven females and five males. While 131 fractures were visualized by CT, only 79 were seen by CXR (p<.001). One patient had fractures only seen by CT. There were significantly (p<.05) more early subacute (24 vs. 4), subacute (47 vs. 26), and old fractures (4 vs. 0) seen by CT than by CXR. Anterior (42 vs. 11), anterolateral (21 vs. 12), posterolateral (9 vs. 3) and posterior (39 vs. 24) fractures were better seen by CT than by CXR (p<.01). Bilateral fractures were detected more often by CT (11) than by CXR (6). CONCLUSIONS: While this study group is small, these findings suggest that CT is better than CXR in visualizing rib fractures in abused infants.     

Learning by Collaborating: Convergent Conceptual Change

The goal of this article is to construct an integrated approach to collaboration and conceptual change. To this end, a case of conceptual change is analyzed from the point of view of conversational interaction. It is proposed that the crux of collaboration is the problem of convergence: How can two (or more) people construct shared meanings for conversations, concepts, and experiences? Collaboration is analyzed as a process that gradually can lead to convergence of meaning. The epistemological basis of the framework of analysis is a relational, situated view of meaning: Meanings are taken to be relations among situations and verbal or gestural actions. The central claim is that a process described by four primary features can account for students' incremental achievement of convergent conceptual change. The process is characterized by (a) the production of a deep-featured situation, in relation to (b) the interplay of physical metaphors, through the constructive use of (c) interactive cycles of conversational turn-taking, constrained by (d) the application of progressively higher standards of evidence for convergence.     

Characterization of DC magnetron sputtering deposited thin films of TiN for SBN/MgO/TiN/Si structural waveguide

INTRODUCTION Monocrystalline SBN (Strontium barium nio-bium, SrxBa1?xNb2O6, denoted SBNx?100, where 0.25≤x≤0.75) solid solution, is currently being inves-tigated as potential material for many micro-device applications, such as piezoelectric infrared detectors, piezoelectric, electro-optic modulators, and holo-graphic storage (Koch et al., 1998), because SBN has one of the largest known linear electro-optic coeffi-cients (r33=1300 pm/V for SBN75), two orders of magnitude larger th…     

硅胶表面双酚A分子印迹聚合物的制备和识别特性

采用表面分子印迹技术,在硅胶表面合成了基于双酚A的分子印迹聚合物,用紫外光谱分析了模板分子的洗脱效果,用扫描电子显微镜表征了印迹聚合物的表面形貌。静态吸附实验表明,该印迹聚合物对双酚A具有较好的选择性吸附。     

Reforms in Philippine Basic Education Viewed from Key Elements of Successful School-Based Management (SBM) Schools

While it is true that SBM shapes and charts the direction of school operations, it is interesting to discuss how a developing country like the Philippines is influenced by this reform strategy as a structural and procedural framework in managing its system of education, particularly, its basic education sector which through the years has been criticized for its alarming state as shown by its performance indicators rates. This paper purports to provide a panorama on how school-based management as a restructuring framework is viewed and interpreted by the basic education sector which constitutes the largest portion of the country’s educational system. Specifically, the eight key elements of successful SBM schools, namely: (1) an active vision; (2) meaningful decision-making authority; (3) distribution of power; (4) development and use of knowledge and skills; (5) collecting and communicating information; (6) rewards for progress; (7) shared leadership; and (8) cultivating resources, were used to serve the purpose of this discourse.     

哈尔滨学院大学生心理健康状况调查研究

采用美国国立卫生统计中心制定的总体幸福感（GWB即General—Well Being Schedule）和莱文森的内控性、有势力的他人及机遇（1981）两种量表,对哈尔滨学院的214名大学生作了测试,回收有效问卷200份,结果显示：（1）哈尔滨学院的大学生总体幸福感的分布呈正态分布;（2）心理控制源方面：男性比女性控制程度显著;（3）宗教信仰与控制源呈负相关（-0．160＊）;（4）内控性高的人幸福感强,有势力的他人和机遇高的人幸福感弱。     

Sample based 3D face reconstruction from a single frontal image by adaptive locally linear embedding

In this paper, we propose a highly automatic approach for 3D photorealistic face reconstruction from a single frontal image. The key point of our work is the implementation of adaptive manifold learning approach. Beforehand, an active appearance model (AAM) is trained for automatic feature extraction and adaptive locally linear embedding (ALLE) algorithm is utilized to reduce the dimensionality of the 3D database. Then, given an input frontal face image, the corresponding weights between 3D samples and the image are synthesized adaptively according to the AAM selected facial features. Finally, geometry reconstruction is achieved by linear weighted combination of adaptively selected samples. Radial basis function (RBF) is adopted to map facial texture from the frontal image to the reconstructed face geometry. The texture of invisible regions between the face and the ears is interpolated by sampling from the frontal image. This approach has several advantages: (1) Only a single frontal face image is needed for highly automatic face reconstruction; (2) Compared with former works, our reconstruction approach provides higher accuracy; (3) Constraint based RBF texture mapping provides natural appearance for reconstructed face.     

关于双图的群染色（英文）

若图G=（V,E）,给定方向为D,A表示一个非平凡的阿贝尔群,F（G,A）表示映射f：E（G）→A的集合.若对任意f∈F（G,A）存在映射c：V（G）→A,使得G中的每一条有向边e=uv∈E（G）（方向是u→v）满足c（u）-c（v）≠f（e）,这时说图G是A-可染的.使得图G在方向D下是A-可染的,A的最小阶数为图G的群色数,记为χg（G）.主要是在分析了一些双图的特性的基础上讨论了它们的群色数.对于任意阶路的双图可得出其群色数都是3,还证明了圈的双图的群色数不超过5以及得到其它一些双图的群色数的上界.     

一类复动力系统的不动点(英文)

讨论了单位圆盘上的一类积分算子诱导的复动力系统.设f（z）是在单位圆盘（D={︱z︱≤1}）上满足f（0）=0的解析函数,定义复Volterra型算子为（If）（z）=∫0zf（t）dt.研究迭代算子（Jf）（z）=（If）（z）/‖If‖∞的性质,得到对任意n,使得Jnf（z）在边界D上一点z0存在唯一不动点的充分必要条件.     

韩国人对陈璘的回忆机制：神宗皇帝八赐品

壬辰倭乱期间（1592-1598）,陈璘受命率部进入朝鲜半岛抗倭,与朝鲜名将李舜臣紧密合作,取得平定倭寇的赫赫战功。陈璘回国后,在李舜臣军营里发现一些物品,即所谓＂八赐品＂,现被指定为国家级宝物。韩国人认为,八赐品是陈璘建议神宗皇帝而下赐给李舜臣的礼品。八赐品给李舜臣的生平带来光环,也激发了当今韩国人的自信。近几十年来,韩国文化界对李舜臣的追慕日益加深,对八赐品的关注度很高,神宗皇帝八赐品构成当今韩国人对陈璘的回忆机制。     

Improving the Fatigue Performance of the Welded Joints of Ultra-Fine Grain Steel by Ultrasonic Peening

Contrast tests were carried out to study the fatigue performance of the butt joints treated by ultrasonic peening, aiming at the improvement of ultrasonic peening treatment(UPT) on welded joints of a new material. The material is a new generation of fine grain and high purity SS400 steel that has the same ingredients as the traditional low carbon steel. The specimens are in two different states:welded and ultrasonic peening conditions. The corresponding fatigue testing data were analyzed according to the regulation of the statistical method for fatigue life of the welded joints established by International Institute of Welding(IIW). Welding residual stress was considered in two different ways: the constant stress ratio R = 0.5 and the Ohta method. The nominalstress-number (σ-N) curves were corrected because of the different plate thickness compared to the standard and because there was no mismatch or angular deformation. The results indicated that: 1 ) Compared with the welded specimens, when the stress range was 200 MPa, the fatigue life of the SS400 steel specimens treated by ultrasonic peening is prolonged by over 58 times, and the fatigue strength FAT corresponding to 106 cycles is increased by about 66％; 2) As for the SS400 butt joint ( single side welding double sides molding) , after being treated by UPT, the nominal S-N curve (m = 10) of FAT 100 MPa(R =0.5) should be used for fatigue design. The standard S-N curves of FAT 100 MPa (R = 0.5, m = 10) could be used for fatigue design of the SS400 steel butt joints treated by ultrasonic peening.     

适合CDMA移动自组网的多用户检测算法及应用研究

Throughput of mobile ad hoc network （MANET） is limited by collision avoidance. In CDMA-based MANET, this limitation can be overcome by multiuser detection （MUD） because conventional colliding packets can be detached and detected by MUD so that multi-packet reception （MPR） is possible. This paper introduces the principles of MUD algorithm for MANET, and proposes an adaptive blind MUD algorithm. A special medium access control （MAC） protocol is designed to make MANET more efficient. This is achieved by sending more packets to a destination simultaneously. The proposed MUD algorithm and MAC protocol allow CDMA-based MANET to support MPR. Simulations show a remarkable improvement in the throughput performance of MANET.     

Design and Development of Performance Assessments

Achievement can be, and often is, measured by means of observation and professional judgment. This form of measurement is called performance assessment. Developers of large-scale assessments of communication skills often rely on performance assessments in which carefully devised exercises elicit performance that is observed and judged by trained raters. Teachers also rely heavily on day-to-day observation and judgment. Like other tests, quality performance assessment must be carefully planned and developed to conform to specific rules of test design. This module presents and illustrates those rules in the form of a step-by-step strategy for designing such assessments, through the specification of (a) reason(s) for assessment, (b) type of performance to be evaluated, (c) exercises that will elicit performance, and (d) systematic rating procedures. General guidelines are presented for maximizing the reliability, validity, and economy of performance assessments.     

A dynamic learning concept in early years’ education: a possible way to prevent schoolification

In early childhood education and care, Nordic social pedagogy approach is challenged by a learning orientation that often results in unproductive ‘either/or’ thinking. Therefore, based on the two approaches and by analysing several dimensions of Froebel’s ideas and prevailing social-historical activity (play) theory, the author deduces four generally accepted play criteria that form the basis for the construction of a dynamic and play-based learning concept that has the three following cornerstones as focal points: (1) learning happens in activities where the child is an active participant and interacts and communicates with other people; (2) meaningful activities pave the way for children’s learning; these are activities where the child’s motive aligns with the goal of the activity; and (3) learning is seen as a productive and creative activity characterised by imagination.     

Wikipedia and the University,a case study

This article discusses the use of Wikipedia by academics and students for learning and teaching activities at Liverpool Hope University. Hope has distinctive aspects but we consider the findings to be indicative of Wikipedia use at other British universities. First we discuss general issues of Wikipedia use within the university. Second, we examine existing research on Wikipedia use amongst students and academics. Based upon a sample of 133 academics and 1222 students, our principal findings were: (1) 75% of academics and students use Wikipedia; (2) student use is typically confined to the initial stages of assessments; (3) a quarter of academics provide guidance on how to use Wikipedia and (4) 70% of academics use Wikipedia for background information for teaching purposes, something that it is not influenced by whether student use is tolerated or not. Our conclusion is that whilst Wikipedia is now unofficially integrated into universities, it is not ‘the’ information resource as feared by many and that an enlightened minority of academics have attempted to assimilate it into their teaching.     

The GA-ANN method for determining calculation parameters for deep excavation

This paper presents a new method (GA-ANN) developed by combining genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) for determining parameters of soils and retaining walls of deep excavation. This method has the advantages of nonlinear projection of neural networks, networks reasoning, prediction and good overall characteristics. it was first used for back analysis of the problem of mechanics parameters for excavation. Case studies showed that the GA-ANN method is effective and practical for back analysis of determining parameters. Project supported by NSFC(5973860) and National Civil Defence fund of China     

Effects of supplementary urea-minerals lick block on the kinetics of fibre digestion, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of low quality roughages

INTRODUCTION It was recognized that when animals are offereda low-nitrogen, high fibre roughage such as rice straw(RS), one of the critical nutrients is fermentable ni-trogen (N) available to rumen microbes (ARC, 1984). The use of urea/molasses blocks is a convenient way for avoiding excessive intake of urea, and will ensure an almost continuous supply of ammonia-N (Preston, 1986). Urea/molasses block feeding yielded positive results in many parts of the world (Kunju, 1986; Hadjipanay…     

Microstructural evolvement of wrought magnesium alloy sheet during heat treatment

1. Introduction Magnesium is the lightest metal structural material with low density and many strong points. Compared with its cast counterpart, the wrought magnesium alloy has found more promising perspective of application in many fields such as automobiles, aeronautics and electronic communication [1]. The application of magnesium has been greatly constrained by its low ductility at room temperature due to its hexagonal closest packing (hcp) crystal structure (the regular cast magnesium all…