Documentary Filmmaking and Ethics: Concepts,Responsibilities, and the Need for Empirical Research

In the discourse on documentary filmmaking and ethics, scholars focus on the filmmaker–filmed relationship and relate many concepts to morality in documentary filmmaking. They additionally mention circumstances that may be relevant and they identify insufficiently meaningful solutions to such moral issues. However, they fail to reflect on ethical theories and how these inform filmmakers’ ideas about the right thing to do. In this article I discuss the discourse and how it can serve to further develop the debate on the ethics of documentary filmmaking. I propose to include empirical data about filmmakers’ experiences and opinions to help us understand what ethics truly inform documentary filmmaking.     

It's About Time: The Need for a Journal Devoted to Communication Research Methodologies

Relational entitlement and proprietariness refer to a set of beliefs supporting a view that a romantic partner is analogous to property and can be treated as such. This individual difference is expected to facilitate various forms of coercion and aggression in relationships. A means and covariance structures (MACS) approach within the framework of confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on two independent samples of undergraduate students (N _A = 292, N _B = 317) to cross-validate a previously developed six-factor structure of the Relational Entitlement and Proprietariness (REP) Scale. The analyses successfully validated the REP instrument, evidencing complete measurement invariance across the two samples. Additional tests were performed to explore potential sex differences in the scale. The first-order factor loading pattern of the hierarchical REP structure was largely invariant for the male and female samples. Similarly, the latent mean structure was equivalent for men and women with the exception of 13 observed measures. The findings of this study evidence that the REP measure is a factorially stable and reliable instrument to assess male and female relational entitlement and proprietariness behaviors.     

Need for Orientation,Selective Exposure,and Attribute Agenda-Setting Effects

This study explores the ability of an interaction between need for orientation (NFO) and selective exposure to explain citizen's motivations to seek information from specific media sources and the consequences of this behavior for attribute agenda-setting effects. It draws important conceptual distinctions between the two moderate NFO categories, distinguishing active involvement NFO (high relevance and low uncertainty) from passive involvement NFO (low relevance and high uncertainty). The results suggest that in a political context, people with active involvement NFO are more likely to seek ideologically congruent media sources and more likely to adopt the media's attribute agenda. This study implies that at the second-level agenda setting, the salience of issue or object attributes on the media agenda is more likely to strengthen preexisting attitudes for people with high political interest and strong partisan identity.     

Need for relatedness: a self-determination approach to examining attachment styles,Facebook use,and psychological well-being

Employing attachment theory and self-determination theory, this study argues that attachment style represents essential innate needs for social connection among individuals and an important antecedent factor in social media research. Thus, attachment style influences how individuals use Facebook for social interaction to satisfy their need for relatedness and achieve psychological well-being. The results from university and national samples showed that individuals with high secure attachment gain satisfaction of the need for relatedness and perceive positive well-being, individuals with high attachment avoidance do not use Facebook for need satisfaction and perceive negative well-being, and individuals with high anxious attachment gain a sense of community through Facebook but still perceive loneliness. Indirect analyses showed that individuals with high secure and anxious attachment dimension lead to higher Facebook use, which provides a higher level of satisfaction of relatedness needs and results in more positive psychological outcomes. Additionally, communication with good friends on both Facebook and offline predicted higher well-being. These results successfully linked attachment theory to the self-determination process and extended both theories into the realm of social media. This study also provided a theoretical framework for future studies to examine the association between Facebook use and well-being. After controlling for personality traits including extraversion and self-esteem, attachment style still had considerable influence on psychological well-being, showing that attachment style is a distinct factor in predicting variances in well-being and further showing that innate need for relatedness is important when studying the need satisfaction process in social media. Future directions are discussed.     

Challenging Entertainment: Enjoyment,Transportation, and Need for Cognition in Relation to Fictional Films Viewed Online

This study used brief, fantastical fiction films viewed on a computer to extend research into the multiple dimensions of audiences' responses to entertainment media. One hundred sixty participants viewed one of two films and completed measures of transportation into the film, perceptions of the film as fun and meaningful, and need for cognition. Transportation was associated with both fun and meaningfulness perceptions, which were correlated with each other. Need for cognition predicted meaningfulness directly and indirectly through transportation. This trait was associated with fun only indirectly, via transportation.     

Occupational Sub-Cultures,Jurisdictional Struggle and Third Space: Theorising Professional Service Responses to Research Data Management

Effective Research Data Management (RDM) is becoming an increasing concern in UK universities as a result of mandates from research funders. The study explored the usefulness of theories of occupational sub-culture, jurisdictional struggle and Third Space to understand how librarians, IT staff and research administrators view developing services to support RDM. Data were collected through 20 semi-structured interviews with staff in the Library, IT services and Research Office of a research intensive university in Northern England.The notion of occupational sub-culture directs attention to the different ways professional services view RDM. Broadly speaking, IT Services focussed on short term data storage; Research Office on compliance and research quality; librarians on preservation and advocacy. In terms of Abbott's theories, the Library was the only department claiming a new jurisdiction in RDM. This could be seen as an extension of its existing jurisdiction in Open Access and Information Literacy. The other departments claimed to be short of resources to take on such a complex project. Some interviewees feared RDM might be risky and demand lots of resources. Third Space theory is a powerful way to think about roles that might emerge in a new intra-professional space as RDM services become a reality.     

Neuroscience,Affect, and the Entrepreneurialization of Motherhood

Although neuroscientifically informed mothering advice manuals published in the past 15 years speak in the languages of liberation, empowerment, and self-realization, I argue that they ultimately imbricate women in ever-more-dense networks of authority, expertise, and government, and contribute to the proliferation of entrepreneurial models of self-conduct that comprises the defining feature of American neoliberalism. This rhetoric situates motherhood as a practice of freedom, both drawing from and contributing to affective forces that suture freedom to economic models of conduct. Through these discourses, emotion-centric, self-interested mothering practices become a key site for the production and reproduction of entrepreneurial selves.     

Judging the Need for and Value of DDA in an Academic Research Library Setting

This article reports findings from a multiphase analysis of demand-driven acquisitions (DDA) within the academic research library setting. Evaluating local collections within the context of Trueswell's (1969) often-cited 80/20 Rule, phase one of this study illustrates the deficiencies of a just-in-case approach to building library collections. Following from this, phase two evaluates the viability of DDA as the just-in-time collection-building solution librarians have sought as an answer to low-use titles that plague most academic library collections. Supported by 16?months of data, this study scrutinizes the comparative value of DDA against traditionally acquired titles along two key dimensions—the subject-matter profile of purchases and their overall usage levels. Further, the concept of a utility as value paradigm, as well as a purchase-use equilibrium for library collections, provide a theoretical framework in which the relative value of DDA is assessed. From a content, or subject-matter, perspective, this study finds negligible deviation in those purchasing patterns associated with DDA when compared with traditionally-acquired materials. At the same time, DDA titles experience much higher levels of use and are, therefore, associated with markedly lower cost-per-use figures and greater overall value.     

社交网络服务模式下的高校图书馆用户需求研究

近年来,理念源于"六度空间理论"的社交网络在图书馆得到了广泛的应用。社交网络服务模式下的信息传播模式也与网络信息传播模式不同,用户的信息行为也具有互动性等特点。社交网络服务模式下的高校图书馆用户对服务有着虚拟化、专业化、集成化等诸多需求。另外,社会网络服务模式下高校图书馆对于个人隐私数据的安全保存也颇为关注。     

Surprise,Hurt, and Anger as Emotional Responses to Expectancy Violations Following Feedback Messages

ABSTRACT

Using expectancy violations theory, this study examined how the communication of unexpected feedback messages evoke emotional responses. A convenience sample (N = 309) reported instances of unexpected feedback within the last month. Results showed that receipt of the feedback message types were considered moderate-to-high violations. Violation expectedness and valence were negatively associated with the emotional responses, but violation importance was positively associated with the emotional responses. Finally, hurt and anger (but not surprise) were positively linked to perceptions of relational damage between the message sender and receiver. Taken together, our study demonstrates that expectancy violations are connected to emotions and relational outcomes.     

Museums,Meaning Making,and Memories: The Need for Museum Programs for People with Dementia and Their Caregivers

Abstract At times considered an unreachable audience, people with dementia have found a wealth of positive and meaningful experiences in museum settings. Making a case for the creation of museum programs for people with dementia and their caregivers, this article describes the experience of dementia both for those diagnosed with the disease and for those providing care; highlights several existing museum programs for people with dementia; and offers suggestions for future programming options.     

3G时代移动图书馆需求调查研究

本文在调查研究的基础上,分析出哪部分人群是3G时代移动图书馆发展的潜在读者群,探索了3G时代移动图书馆的资源配置及服务的发展方向。     

比较与选择:出版业发展中需要处理好的几个关系

出版业在“九五”期间有了一个较大的发展,面临新的形势和环境,出版业应该再有一个新的跨越。只有这样才能与整个社会经济进步相适应、与我国加入世贸进行世界性竞争相适应,要实现发展的任务和目标,必须要有新思路、新举措,要走出一条发展的新路子。在新的发展中有这样一些关系需要在认识上解决好,否则就可能因认识上的分歧而导致     

Data Sharing and Discovery: What Librarians Need to Know

Drawing from the literatures of science, scholarly communication, and librarianship, this review paper describes what librarians need to know about how scientists manage and share their data. It is intended to help librarians become more engaged and integral partners in research and education. Scientific data repositories, journal data deposition policies, and the development of persistent linking between scholarly publications and data sets, have made data more accessible. However, deposition and sharing practices still vary among researchers, journal publishers, data repositories, information providers, and universities. Understanding the dynamic relationships between these stakeholders is critical to providing relevant support to researchers and students in the sciences. Librarians need to develop skills that bridge traditional liaison work with the increasingly data-driven demands of scientific research, so that we can support researchers with their data management needs and help users discover data across myriad collections and resources.