简议"教育叙事"研究

本文从基础英语教学研究的视角简要阐述了教育叙事研究产生的背景、概念、以及开展此项研究的意义。     

教育叙事研究:批判与反思

作为教育研究的教育叙事,不同于文学和史学表现手法的叙事,它是作为质性研究的一种研究方式,它不可虚构教育事件,并且还有作为研究方式所必然具有的规范、程序和要求。运用者必须要掌握这些规范、程序和要求,这是能否运用教育叙事研究的基础。教育叙事研究,是量的研究的补充,它不应该也不可能替代量的研究。     

教育叙事研究与教师专业发展

教育叙事研究属于人文主义的研究范式,具有自己的特征:它以经验性的故事作为研究的对象,而不是量化的数据;它以意义的阐释作为研究目的,并不追求论证变量之间的因果关系。教育叙事研究对教师专业发展具有重要的促进作用,表现为:教师从事叙事研究有助于构建反思性实践共同体;叙事研究可以促进教师成为研究者;叙事研究有助于通过经验反思而积累实践知识。     

Teachers’ work in complex times: the ‘fast policy’ of Swedish school reform

This paper analyses recent educational reforms on teachers’ work in Sweden following the 2010 Education Act, and up to the School Commission Report released in April 2017. We draw upon key policy texts and associated documents from the Ministry of Education, and the Swedish National Agency for Education (Skolverket). We consider the background to the reforms, their relations with one another and how they have played out in the Swedish educational policy context. We argue that these reforms exhibit features of ‘fast policy’ in terms of how they have taken on an increasingly centralised and neoliberal character, and the rapid-fire way they have been directed at teachers as individuals, rather than broader schooling structures. We show how the fast policy reforms have recentralised schooling and teachers’ work—effectively de-professionalising educators.     

教育叙事研究——促进精英教研走向大众教研

教育叙事研究作为质的研究方法的一种,为广大中小学教师参与教育研究提供了契机,深化了教育理论和教育实践的关联,使教育研究由精英走向大众。     

教育叙事研究:本质、特征与方法

教育叙事研究是研究者通过描述个体教育生活,搜集和讲述个体教育故事,在解构和重构教育叙事材料过程中对个体行为和经验建构获得解释性理解的一种活动。教育叙事研究具有自己独特的研究思路和行动方式,主要特征表现为聚焦于个体经验,用年代学方法表述个体经验,搜集故事,重新讲述故事,编码并确定主题,描述情境与背景,与参与者全程合作。教育叙事研究的基本步骤包括确定所探究教育现象之中的研究问题,选择研究个体,从个体那里搜集故事建构现场文本,编码并重新讲述个体的故事,按照主题或类属解释个体的经验故事,撰写研究文本,确认与评估研究。教育叙事研究的每一个环节都有自己独特的操作过程、方法与技术。     

以教育叙事研究为切点促进幼儿教师专业发展

幼儿教师专业发展是其教育理论知识与教学实践相结合,不断内化为个体理论知识和实践知识的教育机智的过程。教育叙事研究来自实践,服务于实践,是幼儿教师成为学习者和研究者,是促进幼儿教师专业发展的有效方式和手段。     

The influence of school leadership on teachers’ perception of teacher evaluation policy

The understanding of teachers’ perception of new educational policy is crucial since this perception shapes the policy’s implementation. However, quantitative research in this area is scarce. This article draws on empirical data to investigate whether the school leader might influence his teachers’ perception of the new teacher evaluation policy. The conceptualisation of teachers’ perception consists of three policy characteristics: practicality, need and clarifying function. Our results indicate that school leadership influences teachers’ policy perception. More specifically, the structure a school leader provides in a school and the amount of trust teachers have in the school leader have a significant impact on teachers’ perception of the practicality of the new teacher evaluation policy.     

混合方法研究及其对教育技术研究的启示

混合方法研究是近几年在美国兴起的一种教育研究方法范式,由于其提倡在同一研究中合并质性研究和量化研究的优点,增加交叉性优势,压缩非重叠性弱点而深受学术界关注。针对当前国内教育技术学研究方法单一,缺乏整合性等问题,以及质性研究和量化研究相互对立的现状,混合方法研究从和合的思维方式为教育技术学研究方法提供一些有意义的启示。     

Teachers’ learning in a research and development work project

This article focuses on teachers’ learning in a research and development (R&D) work project. The teachers are working in a lower secondary school, and the cooperation between them and the researcher lasted for two years. The aim of this article is to show what teachers can learn and how they can learn during such a project. In the qualitative study conducted within this R&D project, observations, reflection dialogues and log‐book entries were key data collection strategies. This material shows that teachers want to reflect together to learn, but both the form and content of these collective reflections have a major impact on their learning. Before the teachers are ready to challenge each other, they have to have confidence in each other. Once they have this confidence, the form of the reflection dialogues can change. During the R&D work the teachers learn how reflections become part of the planning process for their next teaching sessions, and after a while theories become a tool that can help them with their reflections.     

知识管理视角下教师隐性知识的叙事研究

后现代社会对"人的关注"正在引起教师职业根本性的变革。教师角色的转变使得教师成为知识的生产者,因此,教师需要对自身的知识进行有效的管理。教师的隐性知识作为深埋于知识系统中的、实际的"引导者",更需要一种有效的研究方法对它们进行合理的开发。教师的教育叙事研究与这种需要有着天然的适切性。     

教育研究中扎根理论的价值本真与方法祛魅

扎根理论作为一种质性研究范式,自21世纪初被引至国内教育研究领域后,便得到广泛应用。就实践论、方法论、本体论三重逻辑而言,教育研究中扎根理论应然的价值表征为以价值与事实的勾连,化解教育研究危机;以定量方法和定性方法的调和,缓冲教育研究的方法范式之争;以艺术与科学的融合,廓清教育学的本质属性。然而,在相关研究的实然样态下,扎根理论在实践论、方法论、本体论层面上分别暴露出应用形式桎梏、人文情怀缺位及扎根精神淡薄的问题。为此,教育研究者亟需对扎根理论进行祛魅,一要创生扎根理论的"时代风格",助推实践过程的"理论自觉";二要重塑扎根理论的"人文情怀",警惕方法层面的"花拳绣腿";三要重视研究过程的"扎根精神",回归扎根理论的"初心终旨",以实现扎根理论在我国教育研究中应然价值本真与实然价值追求的统一。     

Teaching in the ‘margins’: rekindling a passion for teaching

The data for this paper are drawn from a qualitative research project involving a number of alternative education sites in Australia and the United Kingdom. In this paper, we focus only on the motives and teaching philosophies of a sample of teachers who have chosen to work in alternative education sites despite, for some, the prospect of uncertain employment conditions and lower salaries. A thematic approach is used with the data so as to structure participant perspectives on a range of teaching-related issues. We argue that the experiences and perceptions of these teachers provide a starting point for reflection about the impact of many current educational policies that have been shaped or influenced by market-driven neo-liberal paradigms emphasising disciplinary accountabilities for teachers.     

Tipping point for teachers? Changing working conditions and continuing learning in a ‘knowledge economy’

The basic argument of this paper is that, in the wake of austerity measures against public education accumulating since the early 1980s, professional teachers at all levels may have been losing control of their jobs and faced decreasing opportunities for continuing their own learning. Empirical evidence is drawn mainly from a unique time series of Canadian national surveys which provide data on the working conditions and continuing learning practices of both teachers and the entire labour force in Canada between 1982 and 2016. The main findings are that there have been major reductions in teachers’ participation in organisational decision-making, sharply declining recent incidence of participation in both continuing further education and job-related informal learning, as well as a strong association between decreasing job control and declining continuing learning trends. The major implication is that teachers’ work and learning may be reaching a tipping point after which established forms of effective teaching may no longer be sustainable. Further studies to confirm these findings and assess their potentially very serious implications are urgently needed.     

Exercising a bounded autonomy: novice and experienced teachers’ adaptations to curriculum materials in an age of accountability

This study explores teachers’ first enactments of a set of theory-based curriculum materials designed to support academic language instruction. Specifically, this multiple case study looks at how six middle school English teachers in three US schools adapted the materials; each case includes a pair of teachers, one novice and one more experienced. All schools were located in the same district where a school performance measurement system was being used to publicly rank schools’ academic performance and growth. Multiple measures were used to look for evidence of adaptations and why teachers made adaptations. We found that all teachers adapted the curriculum, most often in response to either perceived student needs or district reform pressures. In two cases, patterns of adaptation differed by teacher experience; experienced teachers appeared better able to adapt curriculum materials to meet instructional goals. This pattern did not hold up at the third school, where teachers faced greater reform pressures. Taken together, these findings suggest that researchers should pay more attention to the role of school and district policy on teachers’ enactments of theory-based reforms. We conclude with guidance to researchers, instructional leaders and others interested in the potential of theory-based curricula as a lever for improving classroom instruction.