The socioeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS on education outcomes in Uganda: School enrolment and the schooling gap in 2002/2003

Due to high prime-age mortality—a result of the HIV/AIDS scourge, the number of orphans in Uganda continues to rise. Using the 2002/2003 Uganda National Household Survey, this paper investigates how HIV/AIDS orphan status affects schooling enrolment and grade progression. Our results show that HIV/AIDS orphans are not significantly less likely to continue schooling but are by far more likely to fall below their appropriate grade. Furthermore, we find that the schooling gaps decreases at higher levels of household welfare status—poor HIV/AIDS orphans, especially aged 13–17 years, are significantly less likely to continue schooling.     

高校扩招背后——谈大众教育及其未来之路

高校扩招体现的是高等教育正在向着大众化迈进。应对高校扩招后的就业压力,需要改变高校的发展策略,以内涵发展为主,发展速度要和经济社会发展同步以及提高师资水平、保证教学质量等。     

Changing patterns of school enrolment in Australia

The various explanations offered for the decline in government school enrolments since the mid-1970s are considered in this article. Changing parental perceptions of the educational strengths and weaknesses of school systems are held to be of critical importance. Changes in government funding policy have been very important too, in their effects not only on enrolments but also on the educational policies of some non-government schools and, indeed, whole systems. The need is stressed for further research into parental concerns about education and the effects of funding policies on educational decisions.     

AIDS and Democratic Education in Uganda

Education remains the effective way of preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. Drawing on a study of AIDS education in Uganda, data showed an exclusive curriculum characterised by denial of knowledge, marginalisation of young people (especially girls), lack of straight means for questioning the subject content, and the failure to inform. Possible pedagogies emerge to address the problem of the spread of AIDS in young people. This article discusses the AIDS pedagogy and democratic education in Ugandan schools by examining possibilities using three illustrations derived from action research: pupil participation in curriculum formulation, pupils setting the agenda for AIDS education delivery and individual choice of AIDS education. The realities of teenage sexuality were being addressed with positive responses to the AIDS curriculum. Action research offered the opportunity for a democratic pedagogy and learning--fundamental to young people's response to the AIDS curriculum and adoption of safer sexual practices.     

乌干达学校的艾滋病教育

乌干达是世界上受艾滋病影响最为严重的国家之一。然而经过十多年不懈的努力,乌干达在艾滋病的预防和控制方面已经取得了令人瞩目的成绩。本文主要介绍了乌干达学校系统是如何通过课程建设以及积极借助非政府组织的力量开展艾滋病教育的。     

乌干达也有“学雷锋日”

在国内,3月5日这天是"学雷锋日",很多人在这一天里参加义务劳动,或者帮助别人做好事。总之,大家都在用自己的方式纪念雷锋。这次到非洲国家乌干达公干,我有幸见识了一下带有乌干达风味的"学雷锋日"。     

关于硕士研究生扩招的思考

对研究生扩招的正向效用和负面影响产生的原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的建议。     

Persistence of phonological processing deficits in college students with dyslexia who have age-appropriate reading skills

This study investigated the phonological processing skills of university students with dyslexia. Fifty-nine students participated in this study: 28 with reading disabilities based on recent psychological assessments and a history of early and persistent reading problems; and 31 controls. The two groups did not differ on estimates of verbal and nonverbal abilities. The dyslexia group performed significantly less well on standardized measures of reading and spelling. However, the dyslexia group scores on these measures fell within the average range. The main dependent variables were subsumed under three areas of phonological processing: phonological awareness, phonological recoding in lexical access, and phonological recoding in working memory. The control group performed significantly better on all phonological processing measures, particularly those measures involving accuracy and response times. Despite age-appropriate performances on standardized reading and spelling measures, phonological processing deficits persisted in the dyslexia group. These findings support the causal role of phonological awareness in the acquisition of reading skills and indicate that differences in phonological processing skills are still evident in a sample of university students with dyslexia compared a group matched on age and education.     

Single-sex schooling and subject choice: Pattern of enrolment at Monash University

Using data collected from incoming students at Monash University from 1972 to 1990, this study assesses the impact of single-sex versus coeducational schooling on the faculty choice of both female and male students. A clear pattern emerges of students from co-educational schools being over-represented in Science and Engineering and under-represented in Law and Medicine and, in recent years, in Economics and Politics. This is true for both females and males. However, further analysis establishes that this is more likely to be caused by socio-economic factors than by the gender composition of the school attended, since most students from co-educational schools come from the government sector and most students from single-sex schools from the independent sector.     

阳泉技工学校招生就业两旺

阳泉市作为一个仅有130万人口的城市,就业、再就业压力较大.据统计,自1998年以来,累计有3000多名大专以上毕业生不能就业;前些年普经十分走红的中等专业学校,这几年招生也很不景气.但近年来,一所名不见经传的阳泉技工学校却出现了招生就业两旺的态势:2003年的应届毕业生,2002年就提前就业;而2004年的毕业生,也于2003年就与用工单位签订了合同.招生的场面更是火爆,700人的办学规模,实际招生1 700人.托人找关系,说情上技校成为山城教育一景.     

Christianity and rural community literacy practices in Uganda

In this article, we examine how Christianity provides the impetus for local literacy practices in a rural community in Uganda. These Christian literacy practices form a central part of the literacy activities of the community and are manifested in a variety of contexts from public to private, using a wide variety of readily available religious texts in the community. Through examination of Christian literacy practices, the authors suggest that ethnographic research has the potential to generate information that can be used to enhance literacy learning in rural community life.     

Parental Participation and Accountability in Primary Schools in Uganda

Participation, a 'buzzword' in social development in both developed and developing countries, has several different interpretations in terms of purpose, form and implication. For instance, parents are encouraged to participate individually in choosing the school for their own children, and they are expected to participate collectively in school development through the work of school governing bodies. Furthermore, participation in education is often considered to be a means of assuring accountability of decentralised institutions. This paper explores the notion of parental participation in school governance, based on data obtained from field research in Uganda. It argues that parents' perceptions of the accountability of the school affect the way they participate in education. Thus, accountability is one of the crucial factors for realising local democracy through decentralisation.     

Financing of higher education in Uganda

Uganda faces severe financial constraints which have resulted in a serious decline in the quality of higher education and the government faces an urgent need to find new sources of finance for higher education. At present virtually all tuition costs and students' living expenses are financed from public funds, whereas families must bear a substantial part of the costs of primary and secondary education. This inverted pyramid is inequitable and results in substantial transfer of income from poor tax payers to rich parents and their children. This article considers arguments for increased cost recovery and the introduction of student loans and also considers obstacles to student loans in Uganda.     

从性别比例失衡看男女平等的实现

社会和谐发展的前提是男女平等,但从我国性别比例失衡的现状看,要真正实现男女平等任重而道远。通过对我国性别比例失衡问题的分析,提出解决措施的思路,阐述男女平等这一基本国策的实现意义。