国际合作下的ESI高被引论文产出及其影响力研究

[目的/意义]探索国际合作下世界主要国家/地区高被引论文的产出情况及影响力水平。[方法/过程]以2008-2018年ESI中22个学科领域186 474篇高被引论文为基础研究数据，以高被引论文总数排名前10的国家/地区为主要研究对象，对样本国家/地区高水平、高影响力的科技文献产出、产出影响力及合作情况进行分析，重点分析我国进入ESI学科所属高被引文献的国际合作情况及影响力特征。[结果/结论]国际合作对不同国家/地区的科研产出影响不同；国际合作强度与成果产出影响力不存在显著的正相关关系；国际合作对我国大部分学科领域的高被引论文均有积极的正面影响，但部分学科领域国际合作高被引论文的总体影响力却低于我国自主研发高被引论文。     

国际合作论文零被引率的中印比较

选取Science Citation Index-expanded数据库中的中国的和印度的国际合作论文为样本,以零被引率为指标,比较分析了中国的和印度的国际合作论文历时变化、学科特征和合作关系规律。发现中国国际合作论文的零被引率略高于印度;在学科层面上,中印两国各有一半左右学科的零被引率高于对方;在合作关系上,中国的零被引率较高,且两国具有相同的特征：合作国家愈多,零被引率愈低。国际合作关系结构和国际合作论文质量是导致差异的两个原因。     

中国国际科技合作主导地位变迁和效度分析

从时间、横、纵对比三个视角,分析中国在国际合作中主导地位的变化,侧面反映科技能力的变化。采用科学计量学方法,以2004—2013年的SCI论文为数据样本,从总体、与发达国家合作、与发展中国家合作三个层次分析中国主导地位的变化,并与日本、印度的变化进行对比,最后对主导论文的引用情况进行检验。结果表明,中国广泛开展国际科技合作,但深度和广度仍与其他国家有一定差距。中国主导地位和主导论文质量得到了提升。与日本相比,在国际科技合作率、合作国家数、与G4合作比例方面、主导论文平均被引次数,中国仍存在一定差距;与印度相比,中国在国际科技合作率方面较弱。     

中国地球科学研究的世界贡献及其时空变化

基于WoS和ESI数据库对我国地球科学在全球地球科学研究中的贡献进行了定量分析,包括论文量、引用次数、篇均被引频次、高影响论文、高被引作者、高水平期刊发文、研究热点等情况;对中国国家自然科学基金资助项目对我国地球科学研究论文产出的贡献进行了分析,并基于质心法分析了全球尺度上地球科学研究活跃中心的时空变化特征。研究结果显示:(1)随着我国地球科学研究论文数量的快速增长,论文总被引次数也快速增加,但篇均被引频次的增长并不显著;(2)从主要国家地学资助机构的贡献度来看,中国国家自然科学基金(以下简称"科学基金")对我国地球科学的资助产生的成果最多,在科学基金的支持下中国与美欧澳日等发达国家开展了较多的国际合作研究,并产生了     

科技全球化背景下中国高被引论文国际合作特征分析

[目的/意义]为优化科研资源配置及完善学科布局提供参考。[方法/过程]以ESI数据库中国产出的高被引论文为样本,用文献计量学和社会网络分析法对论文的产出、国际合作率和集中度、国际合作类型及其影响力差异、国际合作倾向以及合作主导性等方面开展分析。[结果/结论]中国ESI高被引论文的产出仅次于美国,国际合作论文现已成为产出的重要组成部分;中国国际合作广度不断增加,但与不同国家合作产出高质量论文的数量差异较大;国际合作的主要类型为双边合作,但多边合作产出引用增长量最高;虽然中国在各学科主导率差异较大,但在大部分国际合作论文中处于主导地位。     

中国农业大学国际科技合作论文的科学计量研究

为准确评价中国农业大学近年来国际科技合作所取得的成果,采用科学计量学方法,以网络版科学引文索引数据库( Web of Science)中数据为例,对2000-2009年中国农业大学国际科技合作产出、合作国家与地区、合作学科领域和合作论文的h指数及高被引情况进行定量分析.研究发现,近10年来,中国农业大学国际合作研究发展保持一个较快的水平,其中土壤、生态、农学及生物等偏重基础研究的重点学科领域发展效果显著,而偏应用技术为主的工程技术领域国际合作相对滞后;合作国家及地区呈现出多元化格局,但以北美和欧洲为主,美、日、加仍是主要合作伙伴;论文数量增长速度虽然较快,但还没有达到相应的国际水平,特别是在追求SCI论文发表总量的同时,还需提高论文的质量.     

农业科学领域国际合作的中印比较

通过整理SCI数据库中中国和印度农业科学方面的国际合著论文,从国际合著论文数量、国际合著论文篇均合著国家数、国际合著论文篇均被引频次、国际合著网及国际合著论文的学科分布,比较了两国农业科学领域的国际合作.结果是,中国农业科学领域的国际合著论文自2000年开始超过印度,且差距越来越大;中国国际合著论文的篇均被引频次高于印度;中国更注重加强已有的国际合著关系,印度更注重建立新的国际合著关系;中国农业科学领域国际合作的重点学科依次是食品科技、农艺学、土壤学,印度依次是农艺学、食品科技、多学科农学.     

基于文献计量学的中国ESI高被引论文国际合作特征研究

运用文献计量学方法,德温特数据分析软件(Derwent Data Analyzer,DDA)和Excel数据分析工具,对SCIE数据库中2008—2017年共计23 279篇ESI中国高被引论文的国际合作率、合作国家/地区、合作机构以及研究热点等多维度进行探讨,以期从中获取国际合作特征信息,推动高质量合著论文的产出,提升科研成果国际影响力。研究结果发现中国高被引论文的国际合作产出与中国科技的政策导向密切相关,合作对象主要集中于发达国家的知名大学,依托其优质科研资源,取长补短,提高论文质量。另外,从国际合作论文的研究热点可以得出,"环境保护"、"节能减排"、"生物医药"和"人工智能"等方面是近期全球共同关注的重要主题。     

从SCI合著论文看中俄两国科技合作

本文运用文献计量方法,对1995-2006年间2478篇中国和俄罗斯SCI合著科技论文的时间序列、第一作者、论文质量以及科研院校机构合作情况进行了统计分析,并运用学科同被引分析方法对这些合著论文的18767篇引文做了热点领域分析,揭示了中俄两国合著科技论文的特征,探讨了当前两国科技合作中现有与潜在的问题,以期对中俄两国更加有效的开展科技合作给予一定的理论支持。     

2000～2004年SCI-E收录《生物化学与生物物理进展》论文分析

目的 了解《生物化学与生物物理进展》发文、文献引用规律及该刊情报吸收能力、期刊论文的覆盖范围、科研人员合作现状及特点、发现生物化学与生物物理研究领域科研人员的文献需求特征,为该学科研究人员查阅文献和编辑部提高期刊质量提供参考。方法 以《生物化学与生物物理进展》2000～2004年被SCI-E收录的941篇论文为研究对象,采用文献计量学分析方法分别对期刊载文量、篇均引文数、作者发文数量、合作情况、高产作者、地区分布、高产机构、引文数量、引文年代、普赖斯指数、自引率、期刊互引、高频次被引期刊和论文被引等指标进行统计分析。结果 高产著者100人发文224篇（23.80%）,高产机构20个发文447篇（47.50%）,篇均引文量为14.31条,主要的引文类型为期刊（95.72%）,普赖斯指数56.05%,自引率1.60%,被引用频次居前13位的期刊的文献引用量占总引用期刊文献量的35.26%,收录论文被引率24.65%,篇均被引次数为0.37。结论 期刊论文涉猎文献范围较广，作者分布在全国24个省市区以及欧亚四国，合作率高。该刊拥有一支实力雄厚、对刊物影响较大、造诣较深的活跃高产作者群,中国科学院生物物理研究所在国内生物化学与生物物理研究领域处于领先地位。论文引文类型以期刊为主,研究引用文献比较新颖,论文被引率和篇均被引次数有待进一步提高。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese